Classical Witnesses on Gauls and Celts

Greek and Roman witnesses to Gaulish and Celtic peoples, including Caesar, Strabo, Diodorus, Livy, Pliny, Lucan, Pomponius Mela, Polybius, Plutarch, Athenaeus, and Ammianus.

Pages

Ammianus Marcellinus -- Gaulish Origins, Bards, and Druids — A complete translation of Ammianus Marcellinus' source-unit on Gaulish origins, bards, euhages, Druids, and immortal souls.
Athenaeus and Posidonius -- Celtic Feasting and Custom — A complete translation dossier of Athenaeus' Posidonius excerpts on Celtic feasting, Luernius, bardic praise, and combat at dinner.
Caesar -- Alesia and the Surrender of Vercingetorix — A complete translation of Caesar's Alesia source-unit and Vercingetorix's surrender.
Caesar -- Avaricum and the Gallic Wall — A complete translation of Caesar's Avaricum source-unit, including the Gallic wall and Vercingetorix's recovery after the town fell.
Caesar -- Druids, Sacrifice, and the Gods of Gaul — A translation of Caesar's account of the Druids, sacrifices, gods, and religious customs of Gaul.
Caesar -- Gaulish Society, Assemblies, and Law — A translation of Caesar's account of Gaulish factions, clientship, household law, funerals, rumor, and councils.
Caesar -- Gergovia and the Aeduan Crisis — A complete translation of Caesar's Gergovia and Aeduan crisis source-unit.
Caesar -- Labienus at Lutetia — A complete translation of Caesar's Labienus-at-Lutetia source-unit on the Parisii, Camulogenus, and the Seine maneuver.
Caesar -- The Customs of Gaul and Germany — A complete translation of Caesar's continuous ethnographic source-unit on Gaul, Germany, the Druids, and the Hercynian forest.
Caesar -- The Gallic Revolt Begins — A complete translation of Caesar's opening source-unit on the Gallic revolt under Vercingetorix.
Caesar -- The Helvetian Migration — A complete translation of Caesar's Helvetian migration source-unit from De Bello Gallico Book 1.
Caesar -- Vercingetorix and the Gallic Confederacy — A translation of Caesar's account of Vercingetorix, common liberty, scorched-earth strategy, and surrender.
Diodorus -- Celtic Warriors, Poets, and Druids — A complete translation of Diodorus Siculus' Celtic and Galatian ethnographic source-unit.
Livy -- Brennus and the Gauls in Italy — A translation of Livy's account of Celtic migration into Italy and Brennus' ransom of Rome.
Livy -- The Gallic Sack of Rome — A complete translation of Livy's Gallic sack of Rome narrative, from Celtic migration into Italy through Brennus and Camillus.
Lucan -- The Gods of Gaul and the Druids — A translation of Lucan's famous passage on Teutates, Esus, Taranis, bards, seers, and Druids.
Pliny -- Gaulish Priests, Plants, and Sacred Natural History — A complete translation dossier of Pliny's Druidic and Gaulish natural-history notices on mistletoe, ritual plants, the snake-egg, and Roman suppression.
Plutarch -- Camillus and the Gauls — A complete translation of Plutarch's Camillus source-unit on the Gauls, Brennus, the sack of Rome, and the recovery under Camillus.
Polybius -- The Gauls in Northern Italy — A complete translation of Polybius' Book 2 source-unit on Cisalpine Gaul, the Po valley, Telamon, and the Insubrian war.
Pomponius Mela -- Gaul, Druids, and the Souls of the Dead — A complete translation of Pomponius Mela's Gaul source-unit on Druids, souls, geography, and the three peoples.
Pomponius Mela -- The Gallizenae of Sena — A complete translation of Pomponius Mela's notice on Sena, its Gallic oracle, and the nine Gallizenae.
Strabo -- Gaul, Druids, and the Ocean Peoples — A complete translation of Strabo's chapter on Transalpine Gaul, Gallic customs, and Druids.