Benedictions for the Treaty Temple at De ga g.Yu tshal

These seven benedictions were composed around 823 CE for the foundation of the Treaty Temple at De ga g.Yu tshal (the Turquoise Grove), in what is now Gansu Province, northwestern China. The temple commemorated the great conference — the mjal dum — at which the Tibetan Empire, Tang China, the Uyghur Khaganate, and the Kingdom of Nanzhao agreed to a lasting peace. A stone pillar inscribed with the terms of the treaty was erected alongside the temple.

The text survives in two manuscripts from the Dunhuang cave library, sealed around 1000 CE and rediscovered in 1900: Pelliot tibétain 16 (folios 22r–34v, Bibliothèque nationale de France) and IOL Tib J 751 (folios 35r–41v, British Library). Together they preserve prayers offered by ministers, garrisons, officials, and provincial communities — each asking the Three Jewels to bless the emperor Khri Gtsug lde brtsan (Ralpachen), the ministers Zhang Khri sum rje and Zhang Lha bzang who brokered the peace, the treaty itself, and all sentient beings.

This is the first complete English translation of all seven benedictions and their additional prayers. F.W. Thomas translated only the IOL Tib J 751 portion (1951); Kapstein described all seven in a scholarly article (2009); Schaeffer, Kapstein, and Tuttle translated only the first and third in an anthology (2013). The remaining five benedictions and additional prayers appear in English here for the first time.

The First Benediction

The principal aspiration prayer, offered by the great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great minister Zhang Lha bzang for the construction of the Treaty Temple.

An aspiration prayer is offered.

Homage to the Three Jewels!

In the realms of the ten directions, pervaded by the dharmadhatu, canopied by the expanse of space — to all the blessed buddhas who abide throughout the three times: peaceful, in the dharmakaya, possessing omniscient wisdom, endowed with the powers and the fearlessnesses, adorned with the major and minor marks — like wish-fulfilling jewels, possessing great compassion that fulfills the hopes of all sentient beings — to all who abide, we bow down!

To the holy dharma: pure in its very nature, liberated by its own essence, free from all marks of the faults of conceptual elaboration — like space, unstained and unattached to anything, pervading all objects of knowledge, undivided and utterly vast, boundless and all-pervading, free from the extremes of grasping and fixation, possessing inconceivable wisdom — the realm of all the buddhas' greatness, the source of all qualities including samadhi, opening the gate of merit and wisdom for all beings — luminous and unfathomable, the dharmakaya beyond the range of ordinary beings, self-known by the noble ones — we bow down!

To the bodhisattva sangha: who have utterly transcended the five fears, who have attained the stage of non-return, who through skillful means and wisdom serve both self and others — possessing the spontaneously accomplished body through mastery of the ten powers, endowed with mind and speech — who through the force of great compassion accomplish the welfare of all beings without remainder, yet possess the quality of non-abiding nirvana — to all who abide, we bow down!

To the wrathful ones: blazing with splendor and majesty — though they do not abide in the bonds of discipline's restraint, they are resplendent in taming the heedless and the fierce, emanated from the body of the Tathagata. By the nature of compassion they display both wrath and smile at once, subduing pride and preventing heedless engagement in evil. Skilled in taming all beings, their radiant light-rays suppress the three realms. In a single instant, through emanations of body, speech, and mind, they cause all the ocean-worlds to flourish — to all who abide, we bow down!

The great qualities of the Three Jewels are inconceivable, inexpressible, inexhaustible — even if all sentient beings were to speak of them for aeons as numerous as the sands of the Ganges, they would not amount to even a fraction. They are beyond expression: speech, the naming of signs and labels, cannot encompass them. They cannot be compared or approximated by anything in the world-realms. Even the numbers by which one might count such qualities are themselves without limit — beyond utterance and beyond measure. With great rejoicing, we rejoice in these inconceivable qualities!

Offerings

The offerings to the Three Jewels — whether divine substances or the finest human wealth, whether vast as Mount Meru or numerous as the ocean, whether filling all of space or expanding through the world-realms — all envisioned by the mind, limitless and countless, abundantly perfect: flowers, incense, garlands, ointments, powders, bees, bells, music, fluttering banners, parasols, canopies, victory-banners, streamers, lamps, mandalas, food-offerings, fragrant smoke, and lustral water and the rest; the building of stupas; images of the Three Jewels' supports adorned with precious substances; vehicles and dwellings, pleasure-gardens, and great temples — all envisioned with limitless intent, with all manner of pure implements, to all those tathagatas:

We honor them! We exalt them! We worship them! We make offerings and serve them! We pay homage in due order!

Confession

We — the emperor with his ministers and retinue, together with all sentient beings — from beginningless lifetimes until now, through the three gates of body, speech, and mind, impelled by the afflictions or the seeds of birth and death: whatever evil deeds we have committed that violate the dharma and discipline — whether committed by ourselves, or ordered others to do, or rejoiced when others did — whether done through pride and arrogance, or through power and authority for our own pleasure, or through anger and malice, or for whatever reason:

Such evil deeds are condemned by the noble ones who have transcended the world. They are the domain of the childish and the confused. They are the cause of wandering through the three lower realms, the deeds that cut off the path to the higher realms, the ropes that bind one to samsara.

If such deeds are not confessed, not acknowledged, not abandoned, not relinquished, they will bring intense suffering for a very long time. Therefore, right now, upon this very instant — making present before us the buddhas, blessed ones, with their bodhisattva retinues, as numerous as the instants in which they dwell — with body after body we touch our crown to their feet, and from the depth of our hearts:

We confess! We acknowledge! With deep regret and remorse we relinquish! We abandon!

May the evil deeds of the past be purified and cleansed! May the emperor with his ministers and retinue, we ourselves, and all sentient beings — from this time forward until the essence of enlightenment — take refuge in the Three Jewels! May we rely upon them and entrust ourselves to them!

Praise of the Emperor and the Ministers

The goodness of the sky is high and vast — there is no one it does not shelter. The goodness of the earth is beautiful and great — there is no one it does not sustain. The goodness of the king is upright and fair — there is no one he does not nourish.

His Divine Majesty, the God-Emperor Khri Gtsug lde brtsan, ruler divinely made — like his ancestors of the emanation-body, his sheltering and sustaining is equal to heaven and earth. His uprightness and fairness governs all that breathes. Vast and expansive, his dharma and law are excellent in custom. With the helmet strong and the dominion powerful, his authority is great — even the kingdoms of the four directions beneath the sun have received his commands with respect and gathered beneath his sway, so that all his wishes are spontaneously accomplished.

The great ministers of this dominion — the great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang — drew forth wisdom like the finest jewel. Their valor was like a rampart: the pride of the Six Kingdoms and others was humbled, their hostile intentions suppressed, their weapons of war laid down. The ancient great dharma was restored, the foundation of goodness laid for a thousand generations, the obelisk of reliable witness firmly established. Strife was abolished and made precious. Throughout the one kingdom of Tibet, its subjects high and low, great and small, in every household — there was none whom the kindness of peace and happiness did not reach.

When Tibet and the Six Kingdoms and others had been settled in the peace of their own lands, and the Six Kingdoms petitioned for a conference — like the people of one household — at the auspicious ground of De ga g.Yu tshal, the Turquoise Grove, the Six Kingdoms and the Tang made their conference in one dominion. A treaty was established, firm and enduring. As a sign of truth for generations to come, the words were inscribed upon a stone pillar. And the supports of the Three Jewels were established here.

The sutras declare: "If someone builds a temple in Jambudvipa, the reflection of that great merit will produce a divine palace in the sky above." In accordance with the Buddha's word, the great patrons who built the Treaty Temple — the great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang — and all who rejoiced in their work and held celebrations, all became equal inheritors of that merit. Without even seeking it, the great merit of a divine palace in the higher realms arises from the cause and condition of building a temple.

The Sacred Images

Within the temple was installed an image of Vairocana — the body accomplished from inconceivable accumulations of merit and wisdom, a bodhisattva of the tenth ground who through the three secrets reveals the dharma, who purifies the obscurations of the knowable in a single instant, and whose emanation-body ripens beings in the world-realms of the ten directions.

An image of Amitabha was installed — the supreme among the fields of all the buddhas, where the names of the three lower realms and the eight hindrances are unheard, adorned with all divine ornaments, where the name of death does not exist, where transcendent bliss abounds in every form — who through compassion, merely by invoking his name, purifies all wrongdoing and grants rebirth in that buddha-field.

An image of Maitreya Buddha was installed — who now dwells in Tushita, in a jeweled palace adorned with all divine ornaments, ripening all the gods, turning the wheel of dharma. From a single abode in the divine palace, he sits unmoving, yet through the light-rays of great compassion and the wisdom of omniscience, in ocean-like world-realms he dwells delighting in divine bliss. Maitreya — in whom all beings of the future will find refuge, the breath of all, whose name accords with his purpose — whose body pervades all with loving-kindness through the force of great compassion.

Images of the eight great bodhisattvas and the two wrathful ones and their retinues were installed. The four directional protectors, the guardians of the directions, and the eight classes of gods and nagas were established and invited to abide. Vehicles, dwellings, pleasure-gardens, and all manner of pure implements were offered, and sovereignty was dedicated.

Aspiration Prayers

By the merit of this offering: may His Divine Majesty Khri Gtsug lde brtsan have immeasurable long life, great dominion, and may all his wishes be accomplished! May he, like a wheel-turning king, exercise sovereignty over the four continents and other kingdoms, and may he ultimately attain unsurpassed buddhahood!

May the great patrons — possessing bodhichitta and taking refuge in the Three Jewels — the great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang, whose devotion to the Three Jewels has no precedent, whose great hearts benefit all: may the noble compassionate ones know them! May the four directional protectors and the gods and nagas know them! May all obstacles and hindrances be eliminated! May they be blessed with immeasurable long life and freedom from illness!

We beseech: may they be watched over! May they be seen! May they be protected by compassion! May all their excellent wishes be accomplished! May all obstacles and hindrances of their inner and outer retinue be pacified! May they have long life, freedom from illness, and abundant happiness!

The great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang and all of us have generated the mind of supreme enlightenment and dedicated the roots of virtue. By the merit of building the Treaty Temple and establishing the supports of the Three Jewels: may the emperor with his ministers and retinue have long life and great dominion! May the other kingdoms at the borders not seek war but willingly gather, and may the treaty endure firmly for a very long time! May the name of enmity and conflict be unheard! May harvests and herds always be good! May the dharma of the Great Vehicle endure firmly! May all living beings have faith and devotion toward the holy dharma, and may they possess abundant happiness!

By the merit of building the temple: may the great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang and all sentient beings possess divine palaces and jeweled mansions beyond measure, in this world and beyond!

By the merit of installing images of the Tathagata: may the emperor, his ministers and retinue, the great ministers, and all sentient beings attain bodies adorned with the Tathagata's major and minor marks, minds possessing the four wisdoms beyond conception, and speech endowed with the sixty-two melodies of Brahma's voice!

By the merit of offering parasols and canopies: may they become guides for many beings, and may the precious parasol shelter all sentient beings from the heat of affliction! By the merit of offering victory-banners and streamers: may they triumph over the afflictions and the four maras, and may the jeweled victory-banners of dharma be established everywhere! By the merit of offering ornaments and garments: may they obtain divine raiment of precious silk and golden robes, and through mindful modesty, may they be free from blame!

By the merit of offering mandalas: may the buddha-fields be perfectly purified, adorned with precious trees and every ornament! By the merit of offering flowers: may they attain beautiful forms adorned with marks, producing faith at sight! By the merit of offering incense: may they be adorned with the pure fragrance of moral discipline!

By the merit of offering lustral water: may their abodes possess water endowed with the eight qualities! By the merit of offering wealth: may the name of poverty be unheard in all the worlds, and may they possess inexhaustible treasures! By the merit of offering footwear: may they possess magical feet traveling from one buddha-field to another!

By the merit of offering food: may they possess supreme food of the finest taste, becoming the sustenance of all beings! By the merit of offering feasts: may divine music pervade their realms, and may they have supreme strength, long life, and inexhaustible enjoyments! By the merit of offering music: may divine music pervade everywhere! By the merit of offering butter-lamps: may the darkness of ignorance be dispelled and may they possess the lamp of wisdom! By the merit of offering attendants: may they possess an invincible retinue!

By the merit of all this generosity: may they possess all the abundant enjoyments of this world and beyond! By the Tathagata's wisdom — without attachment, without obscuration, which knows and supremely knows, which sees and supremely sees — may all our roots of virtue be gathered and dedicated to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment!

May all the buddhas be thoroughly pleased! May all buddha-fields be purified! May we possess the power to ripen all sentient beings! May we delight all spiritual friends and teachers of dharma! May we uphold and protect the teachings of all the tathagatas!

May all karmic obscurations be purified! May all afflictive obscurations be cleansed! May all seeds of obscuration be purified! May all the armies of Mara be subdued! May the continuum of all lower realms be cut off! May all the dharmas of the buddhas be awakened!

May we sport in all samadhis, all empowerments, and all clairvoyances, and be liberated through all gates of liberation! May we possess wisdom like Manjushri, aspiration prayers like Samantabhadra, compassion like Avalokiteshvara, power like Vajrapani, and skillful means like Vimalakirti — and may we engage in the welfare of all sentient beings!

May the obscurations of affliction be exhausted! May the obscurations of the knowable be purified! May the ten bodhisattva grounds be transcended! May we attain non-abiding nirvana!

The Second Benediction

An aspiration prayer and offering from the great garrison of Dbyar mo thang, for the Treaty Temple of great renown where the Six Kingdoms and others held their conference.

Homage to the Three Jewels! Homage to the Buddha — to omniscient wisdom perfected! Homage to the Dharma — to those endowed with the meaning of the Great Vehicle's perfections! Homage to the Sangha — to the bodhisattvas who through great compassion devote themselves to the welfare of all beings!

The lord, the divine son, the great emanation-ministers — with great concern for the happiness of all the realm of Tibet, having accomplished the great purpose — we of the great realm offer this aspiration prayer in accord. Having offered the field of worship, we take refuge in the Three Jewels!

His Majesty the divine son — ruler divinely made, possessing magic in his mind — through the compassion of expanding the divine dharma's good customs and law, his compassion pervades everywhere beneath the sky. By the authority of his strong helmet and great dominion, the great minister endowed with nobility — through the emanation-lord and ministers — the great kings beneath the sun, the Six Kingdoms and the rest, even those difficult to tame who had not previously submitted, were subdued by great waves and brought to heel.

The great kings of the Six Kingdoms, the 'Jang, and the rest were gathered at one time beneath command. The great conference treaty was established. The black-headed subjects of Tibet were granted enduring happiness by great kindness — covering the four borders with the kindness of peace. Upon the foundation of the great conference treaty, the auspicious Treaty Temple of great renown was erected, and a permanent stone pillar of enduring treaty was established.

The great foundation of goodness was laid. May His Majesty the divine son live forever! May his body be free from illness! May all his future intentions be accomplished! May the great ministers prosper in every good way! May all be auspicious!

The Third Benediction

An aspiration prayer and offering from the lords and subjects of the central realm of Mdo gams.

Tibet the Great — His Divine Majesty, the God-Emperor, possessing virtue in body and magic in mind — who descended from the gods to become king of the black-headed people, surpassing the kings of other kingdoms, with mind as vast as the expanse of space, as steadfast as Mount Meru, with loving-kindness and compassion pervading like the light of sun and moon:

For the sake of enduring benefit, he established the stupas of the Three Jewels, opened the gate of the holy dharma's nectar, and bestowed it freely. By the bodhisattva-conduct of the Tibetan lord and ministers, by the force of previous merit and aspiration prayers — may the great compassion extend to all beings of Jambudvipa's four great kingdoms, walking, creeping, and bowing! Having accomplished the great conference with the thought of universal peace, may all beings in their various dwelling-places be granted great happiness!

At the auspicious ground of De ga g.Yu tshal, the Turquoise Grove, the conference was made...

The Fourth Benediction

A prayer from the lords of Mdo gams upon the construction of the Treaty Temple.

At the conference-ground, the Treaty Temple was built by the lords of the realm of Mdo gams, who made offerings and gifts to the Three Jewels. By this merit and blessing: may all the sins of the God-Emperor, the lord and ministers and retinue be purified! May the accumulations of merit and wisdom be completely perfected! May the treaty of the conference endure forever! May they have long life! May the happiness of gods and humans be abundant! And may they attain unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment spontaneously!

The Fifth Benediction

The aspiration prayer of the Bde blon, offered at the Treaty Temple of De ga g.Yu tshal.

In the ten directions, boundless and limitless — where birth and cessation are utterly transcended, beyond existence and non-existence, beyond permanence and annihilation — we worship, praise, take refuge, and respectfully bow down to all the tathagatas of the three times!

To all the noble ones in this world and beyond, possessing omniscient wisdom, however many abide — and to the dharma, the buddhas, and the sangha — we take refuge and bow down!

The 'O lde spu rgyal dynasty descended from the gods to rule among men. The divine person is exalted, the dominion great, the dharma good, the law magnificent. From the ancestral lineage to its furthest extent, none has ceased to be under the lord's house. The dominion is eternally firm and great. By the great kindness pervading the eight directions — within and without — contemplating the equality of all the people, walking and breathing: the proud and arrogant were subdued by waves and skill, brought to the way of righteousness; the low and suffering were encouraged and uplifted in both the immediate and the long term.

The great lord of the four directions beneath the sky — in accord with the way of the emanation-ones — is the God-Emperor of Tibet. He abides at the head of the great rivers, at the base of the snow mountains, in the pure and elevated land. Even tracing his lineage, the divine way has no equal. He is greater and more powerful than all other kings.

Thus, from ancestors divine, with great dominion and strong helmet — His Divine Majesty, the God-Emperor Khri Gtsug lde brtsan, possessing virtue in body and magic in mind: since he performs all temple-works as is proper, his guardian-spirits and all the gods and nagas of heaven and earth rejoice. Since he possesses great compassion, he covers and sustains all beings according to the ways of heaven and earth, and his dominion spreads and grows.

In this time, the ministers of dominion are noble ones risen to authority. The great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang — humiliating the strength of the enemy, stabilizing the dominion — even the Six Kingdoms, the 'Jang, and other border kings who had contested in between — through the power of authority they were subdued, their hopes cut off, and through long-enduring kindness, faith and enthusiasm were generated. And just as heaven and earth are pleasing, many kingdoms heard the Tibetan lord and ministers' commands with respect. This great conference of dominions — for both immediate and enduring benefit — is exalted in secret and in the open. The purpose spoken of is profoundly deep. For a thousand generations it will not diminish but remain good and renowned.

This great accomplishment — the Three Jewels and all the gods and nagas of the world know it and see it. May it never change! May it endure!

Through the conditions of this great conference — the armies of many kingdoms have been relieved of the affliction of weapons. By the merit of settling all at once in a place of peace: may the God-Emperor Khri Gtsug lde brtsan and his brothers, the great ministers Zhang Khri sum rje and Zhang Lha bzang, and all — the emperor, ministers, and retinue, together with all sentient beings — purify the two obscurations, complete the accumulations of merit and wisdom, and attain unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment!

This Treaty Temple at De ga g.Yu tshal was the site where three great kingdoms held their conference over two years. This ground was blessed by the noble ones of the past. Since all these great goods arose together at one time, the merit is especially great and auspicious.

By the power of this merit: may this temple endure as long as the sun and moon exist! May His Divine Majesty Khri Gtsug lde brtsan have long life and great dominion, and may all his intentions be accomplished!

In the past, when the Six Kingdoms had not yet been met in conference and there was strife — the divine sons with strong helmets, the ministers brave and wise — through stratagems that struck the foe, the power of armies that brought down fortresses, reversals and conquests and the severing of claims: whatever actual wrongdoing arose from the lives lost and taken — may all of it be suppressed and purified by the power of this great merit!

By the merit of offerings and confession and the rest — we dedicate and aspire, with patience and acknowledgment — may all accord with what the lord above has accomplished!

The Sixth Benediction

An aspiration prayer from the garrison of Mkhar tsan at the Treaty Temple of De ga g.Yu tshal.

The emperor and ministers of Tibet — helmet strong, great in person — when the Six Kingdoms, the 'Jang, and the three great kingdoms contested the dominion: the lord's strong helmet and the precious ministers' valor brought the enemy under command and the treaty decree was received. For as long as human generations tell the tale, the kindness of the good covers all. The Treaty Temple was erected for the observance of the dominion among kingdoms, accomplished as the mind-activity of the divine son Khri Gtsug lde brtsan.

The great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang, in the great battles against the Six Kingdoms — and we of the garrison of Mkhar tsan, brave Tibetan subjects, steadfast in service — twice repelling great battles in a single year and other feats of valor: whatever sins arose from the toil for dominion, from the intent that struck the enemy's vital points — we offer this aspiration prayer: may every last particle be purified!

The garrison of Mkhar tsan presents its offering.

The Seventh Benediction

An aspiration prayer from the garrison of Kva cu at the Treaty Temple of De ga g.Yu tshal.

The emperor and ministers of Tibet — helmet strong, great in person — when the Six Kingdoms, the 'Jang, and the three great kingdoms contested the dominion: the lord's strong helmet and the precious ministers' valor brought the enemy under command and the treaty decree was received. For as long as human generations tell the tale, the kindness of the good covers all. The Treaty Temple was erected for the observance of the dominion among kingdoms, accomplished as the mind-activity of the divine son.

The great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang, in the great battles against the Six Kingdoms — and all the Tibetan lord's subjects who toiled for the dominion: may every last particle of wrongdoing be purified!

An aspiration prayer is offered from the great garrison of Kva cu.

Additional Prayers

The Prayer of the Official Phyug tsams stong pon and Retinue

Homage to the Three Jewels! Homage to the Buddha — to the omniscient! Homage to the Dharma — to the unsurpassed vehicle! Homage to the Sangha — to the bodhisattvas of non-return!

For the purpose of accomplishing the welfare of self and others, we make offerings to the Three Jewels. We purify all wrongdoing, we rejoice in merit, and we take refuge in and rely upon the Three Jewels!

The lord and ministers, with minds of magic and helmets strong — when the Six Kingdoms, the 'Jang, and the rest did not obey command, they brought them down as subjects, settled them under the sway of the strong helmet and great dominion. Having inscribed the conference treaty upon a stone pillar, having erected the Treaty Temple, the garrisons of the realm were stilled and the great center was made happy and prosperous. Since no greater kindness than this exists — as a mark of service and gratitude, by the merit of offering to the Three Jewels:

May the Tibetan emperor, ministers, and retinue have eternal life and dominion! May no name of enmity or conflict be heard in the Tibetan realm! May harvests and herds always be good! May the treaty endure firmly as established! May all possess the abundant happiness of this world and beyond!

The Prayer of 'Brom khong spe sa

The lord who sits above is divine. The ministers of the dominion are magical. When the emanation-lord and ministers split the sky, it was joined by divine blessing. When the earth was rent, it was mended by the ministers' waves. Heaven and earth were reconciled. Enemies were brought to conference. From the borders, enemies no longer contest. From the north, yaks are not driven off. All the subjects of Tibet simply dwell in happiness. Even among the petty kings beneath the sun — those uneasy in mind who feared losing their kingdoms — their kingdoms were not toppled and their minds were put at ease. This too was by the lord and ministers' divine virtue.

Such great kindness was bestowed. The time of happiness for all Tibetan subjects dawned like the sun, blossomed like a flower, in the auspicious land of Dbyar mo thang and De ga g.Yu tshal. The great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang, with the council and ourselves — by the merit of building the temple, establishing the sangha community, and making all the arrangements:

May the divine son Khri Gtsug lde brtsan have long life and a strong helmet! May the great minister Zhang Khri sum rje and the great Zhang Lha bzang accomplish all their intentions and have long life! May the dharma and law of the Tibetan lord and ministers endure like the sun, never changing! May the treaty endure firmly!

And may we and all sentient beings purify the karmic obscurations of all our lifetimes, and be reborn in the retinue of the supreme god of gods, the Blessed One, Buddha Maitreya!

Colophon

Prayers of the Turquoise Grove was translated from Old Tibetan by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026. The translation was made from the critical transcriptions published by the Old Tibetan Documents Online (OTDO) project, hosted by the Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.

The source manuscripts are Pelliot tibétain 16 (folios 22r–34v), held by the Bibliothèque nationale de France, and IOL Tib J 751 (folios 35r–41v), held by the British Library. Together they form a single text — the prayers composed for the foundation of the Treaty Temple at De ga g.Yu tshal, circa 823 CE, during the reign of the Tibetan emperor Khri Gtsug lde brtsan (Ralpachen, r. 815–838).

This is a Good Works Translation — translated from the Old Tibetan source language independently of existing scholarship. The following reference works were consulted for historical context and to verify readings of difficult passages, but the English is independently derived from the Tibetan:

• F.W. Thomas, Tibetan Literary Texts and Documents Concerning Chinese Turkestan, Part II (1951), pp. 92–109 — partial translation of IOL Tib J 751 only.
• Matthew Kapstein, "The Treaty Temple of the Turquoise Grove," in Buddhism Between Tibet and China, ed. Kapstein (Wisdom Publications, 2009), pp. 21–72 — scholarly description of all seven benedictions with partial translations.
• Kurtis Schaeffer, Matthew Kapstein, and Gray Tuttle, eds., Sources of Tibetan Tradition (Columbia University Press, 2013), pp. 78–86 — translation of Benedictions 1 and 3 only.

Translator's notes: The Old Tibetan orthography of the manuscripts differs significantly from Classical Literary Tibetan. Archaic spellings (e.g., "pha" for "pa," "myI" for "mi," "gyIs" for "gis") have been normalized in translation. Where the manuscript text is ambiguous or possibly damaged, the OTDO editorial notes were consulted. The historical sections describing the Tibetan Empire's military and diplomatic activities have been translated as faithfully as possible; no editorial commentary or interpretation has been imposed.

Five of the seven benedictions — the Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh — together with the two additional prayers, appear in English here for the first time.

First English translation of the complete text.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: སྨོན་ལམ་དུ་གསོལ་བ། — Benedictions of De ga g.Yu tshal

Old Tibetan source text from the critical transcriptions published by the Old Tibetan Documents Online (OTDO) project, Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

Pelliot tibétain 16 (folios 22r–34v)

Bibliothèque nationale de France. OTDO transcription: archives?p=Pt_0016

(22r1) $ / smon lam du gsol ba / / dkon mchog gsum la phyag 'tsal lo / / phyogs bcu'I 'jIg rten gyI khams chos kyI dbyIngs kyIs kun du klas pha / na ka'I dbyIngs kyIs

(22r2) mtha's gdugs pha na / dus gsum du rnam par bzhugs pa'I sangs rgyas bcom ldan 'das zhI ba chos kyI sku / thams cad mkhyen pa'I ye shes can / stobs dang / myI 'jigs pha dang / mtsan dang dpe byad bzang

(22r3) pos brgyan pa'I sku yId bzhIn gyI nor ba rIn po che ltar / sems can thams cad gyI re ba yongs su bskong bar mdzad pha'I thugs rje chen po dang ldan ba jI snyed bzhugs pha thams cad la phyag 'tsal lo / /

(22r4) dam pa'I chos ngo bo nyId kyis dag pha rang bzhIn kyis rnam par grol ba / nyes pa'I skyon rnam par rtog pa'I mtsan ma thams cad dang bral ba / nam ka ltar jI la yang chags gos pha myed la / shes bya thams cad du khyab gying /

(22v1) myI 'dre zhIng rnam par dben ba rgya che zhIng yangs pa'I mtha' thug pa myed pas gun tu khyab pa / gzung ba dang 'dzin pa'I mtha' las rnam par grol bas bsam kyIs myI khyab pa'I ye shes mnga' ba'I

(22v2) spyod yul du gyurd pa / sangs rgyas thams cad kyI che ba nyId dang / tIng nge 'dzIn la stsogs pha yon tan thams cad gyI 'byung gnas / 'gro ba thams cad gyI bsod nams dang / ye shes kyI tshogs kyI sgo

(22v3) 'byed pha la rnam par gsal zhIng dpag dka' ba'I chos kyI sku ma rabs rnams kyI spyod yul ma yIn ba / 'phags pha rnams gyIs rang gIs rIg pa la phyag 'tsal lo / / byang cub sems dpa'I

(22v4) dge 'dun 'jIgs pa lnga las shIn tu 'das pha / phyIr myI ldog pa'I go 'phang thob pa / thabs dang shes rab kyIs bdag dang gzhan kyI dod spyod pa / dbang bcu la mnga' ma rnyes phas lhun kyIs grub pa'I sku dang /

(23r1) $ / / thugs dang / gsung du ldan bas thugs chen po'I shugs kyis 'gro ba ma lus pa'I don mdzad kyang myI gnas pa'I mya ngan las 'da's pa'I yon tan dang ldan ba jI snyed bzhugs pa thams cad la phyag 'tsal lo / /

(23r2) khro bo 'bar ba dpal byIn gzI brjId can kyI sku / 'dul ba'I sdom bas bsdams pa'I tsul ltar myI bzhugs gyang / 'gro ba bag myed la brlang ba'I rgyal can dag btul ba la rnam par mdzes

(23r3) pa / de bzhIn gshegs pa'I sku las spruld pa'Is / thugs rje'I rang bzhIn kyIs khro 'dzums dus gcIg gda' yang / nga rgyal rnam par 'dul zhIng / sdIg la bag myed par 'jug pa don myed

(23r4) cing sdIg pa'I mtsams myI 'da' bar 'gro ba thams cad 'dul ba la mkhas pa 'od gzer rnam par 'phro bas khams gsum zIl kyIs gnon pha / yud tsam gcig la / 'jIg rten rgya mtsho sku dang gsung

(23v1) dang / thugs kyI sprul pas 'jIg rten thams cad rgyas par mdzad pha cI snyed bzhugs pha thams cad la phyag 'tsal lo / / dkon mchog gsum gyI yon tan chen po bsam gyIs myI khyab brjod kyIs

(23v2) myI lang / bshad gyIs myI rdzogs te / jI ste sems can thams cad kyIs bskal ba chu bo gang ga'I bye ma snyed du brjod du zIn kyIs cha shas su yang myI 'gyur ba'I yon tan mnga' ba' / brjod du

(23v3) rung ba'I rgyus myI gzung ste / brda skad myIng tu gdags pa'I tshig gIs brjod kyis myI lang ba / de 'dra bar bsgrun bzod cing dper lom ba / 'jIg rten gyI khams na myed pa grangs su bya na /

(23v4) bgrang ba'I rgyus myI bzung kyIs kyang yon tan de snyed bgrang ba'I rtsis kyI grangs la myed pa brjod cing dpag pa las 'das pha / bsam kyIs myI khyab pa'I yon tan mnga' ba de dag la rjes su yI rang ba chen pos

(24r1) $ / / rjes su yI rang ngo / / dgon mchog gsum la mchod pa nI lha rdzas sam / myI'I longs spyod kyI mchog / rI rab tsam 'am / rgya mtsho snyed dam / nam ka gang ba 'am / 'jIg rten rgyas

(24r2) pa'am / yId kyIs spruld pa sems kyIs dmyIgs pha / tshad myed grangs myed pa / phun sum tshogs pha thams cad kyis mchod pa nI / men tog pog spos / 'phre'ng ba byug pa /

(24r3) phye ma sbram bu / sIl snyan rol mo / lhab lhub lda ldI / gdugs dang bla re / rgyal mtsan ba dan mar mye dkyIl 'khor bshos sang spos chab las stsogs pha / mchod rten bslang ba dang /

(24r4) dkon mchog gsum gyI rten sgu gzugs rIn po ches spras pha dang / bzhon ba dang / 'chag sa dang / skyed mos tsal dang / gtsug lag khang rgya chen po tshad myed pa'I dmyIgs pa dang ldan ba / rnam par

(24v1) dag pa'I yo byad thams cad kyIs / de bzhIn gshegs pha de dag thams cad la stI stang du bgyI'o / / bla mar bgyI'o / / rI mor bgyI'o / / mchod cing gsol lo / / rIm 'gror bgyI'o / /

(24v2) bod rje blon 'khor dang bcas pa dang / sems can thams cad kyIs bsam kyIs myI khyab pa'I tshe rabs nas dus 'dI'I bar du / lus dang / ngag dang / yId gsum gyI sgo nas nyon mongs pa'I

(24v3) rgyu 'am / sgye shI'I sa bon nam / bdag dang gzhan la yongs su gdung bar 'gyur ba nyes sdIg gI las chos dang 'dul ba las 'gal ba bdag gIs byas sam / gzhan bcol tam / gzhan byed pha

(24v4) la smon pa 'am / nga rgyal dang bsnyems pa'I phyIr byas sam / dbang dang / mthu yod pas bdag dga' dang / dngan can gyI phyIr byas sam / jI phyIr byas kyang rung ste / de lta bu'I las ngan pa /

(25r1) $ / / 'phags pha 'jIg rten las 'das pa rnams kyIs smad pha / ma rabs byIs ba lta bu phyIn ci log gI spyod yul tu gyurd pa / de rkyen dang 'bras bus ngan song gsum du rgyu ba'I las

(25r2) ngan pa mtho rIs bde bar 'gro ba'I lam gcod pa / 'khor ba'I gshal thag tu gyurd pa / gal te de lta bu spyad pa ma 'thol ma bshags sam / ma spangs ma btang na yun rIng por shIn tu

(25r3) nyon mongs par 'gyur bas na da rtul cig gI steng na / rtul snyed kyI sangs rgyas bcom ldan 'das byang cub sems dpa'I 'khord dang bcas pa rnams mngon sum tu gyurd par dran ba

(25r4) nye bar bzhag ste / de'I tshad bzhIn lus re res zhabs kyI mthIl la spyI bos gtugs te / sems thag pa nas 'thol lo / bshags so / / shIn tu 'gyod cing gnong ba'I sems kyIs gtang ngo /

(25v1) spang ngo / / sngon gyI sdIg pa rnams zhu zhIng byang bar smon to / / rje blon 'khor dang bcas pha dang / bdag cag dang / sems can thams cad kyis dus 'dI nas bzung ste / snyIng po byang cub la mcis

(25v2) kyI bar du dkon mchog gsum la skyabs su mci'o / / phyogs shIng rten to / / yong gnam gyI legs pha mtho zhIng yangs pas nI myI dgab pa myed / sa'I legs pa sdug cing che bas

(25v3) nI myI bkur ba myed / rgyal po'I legs pa drang zhIng snyoms pas nI myI gso ba myed do / bod kyI lha btsan po myi rje lhas mdzad pa khrI gtsug lde brtsan gyI zha snga nas kyang yab myes 'phrul kyI lus bzhIn /

(25v4) dgab cing bkur ba nI gnam sa dang mtsungs / / drang zhIng snyoms pas nI srog chags so chog bsgyur / yangs shIng rgya che la chos gtsug nI / lugs kyIs bzang / thug skam dbu rmog btsan pa'I chab srid nI

(26r1) $ / / byIn du che bas nyI 'og lho byang shar nub kyI rgyal khams kyang / bka' lung gus par mnos te / chags 'og tu 'dus phas jI mdzad do 'tsal dgongs pha bzhIn lhun kyIs grub pa'I

(26r2) chab srId kyI blon po chen po blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / chen po zhang lha bzang gIs 'dzangs kyI phul phyung bas nI yId bzhIn gyI nor bu rIn po che dang 'dra / dpa' ba'I la bor bas nI rgya drug

(26r3) las stsogs pa rang rang gI nga rgyal snyems pha rnams kyang drag dal gyI dmyIg su bab pa'I dgra chos kyIs spa bkong byIn bsgralte / g.yo' sgyu'I khung nI bsubs / dgra chos kyI mtshon cha

(26r4) nI bsnyal / gna'I chos chen pos nI bstud / legs pa rgyas pa nI rabs khrIr bzhag nas chu gang khrel ltas nI brlIng du btsugs / 'thab mo myed pa nI gces par byas nas bod rgyal khams gcIg

(26v1) 'bangs mtho dma' gnyIs che chung gnyIs la so so'I sgo sgor bde skyId pa'I drin kyis ma khyab pa yang myed / bod chen po dang rgya drug las stsogs pha so so'I yul yul na bde skyId pa'I dus la bkod nas / rgya drug gIs

(26v2) chab srId mjal par gsol ba yang khyIm gcig gI myI dang 'dra bar bkra shIs chen po'I yul de ga g.yu tsal mjal dum thang du rgya drug tang chab srId gcig du mjald pa'I tshigs

(26v3) bcas nas yun du chab srId kyI mtha' myI 'gong zhIng brtan ba dang / nam zhar mang po kun kyIs yId ches shIng bden ba'I rtags rdo rIngs la bris nas dkon mchog gsum gyI rten btsugs pha 'dI

(26v4) mdo sde'I lung las kyang / la la zhIg gIs 'dzam bu glIng du gtsug lag khang brtsIgs na / bsod nams chen po'I gzugs brnyan 'og myIn gnam du lha'I gzhal myed khang 'byung zhes sangs

(27r1) $ / / rgyas kyIs bka' stsal pha bzhIn / gtsIgs kyI gtsug lag khang bzhengs pa'I yon bdag chen po blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / chen po zhang lha bzang gis brtsIgs pa 'dI la rjes su

(27r2) yI rang ba'I yon bdag ya ya nas dad cing mos pas gzhI bzung ste / stongs mo bgyIs pa'I rnams kyang bsod nams kyI 'bras bu byed pa'I bdag po dang / 'dra'o zhes 'byung bas / stongs mo

(27r3) gces spras sus bgyIs so 'tsal kyang / chab myI 'tsal bar mtho rIs lha'I khamsu bsod nams chen po'I gzugs brnyan 'byung ba'I rgyu dang rkyen gtsug lag khang brtsigs

(27r4) dbus rnam par snang mdzad / bsod nams dang ye shes kyI tshogs bsam kyIs myI khyab pa las grub pa'I sku byang cub sems dpa' sa bcu pa la gsang ba gsum gyI sgo nas chos gyI longs spyod

(27v1) ston pas shes bya'I sgrIb pa skad cig gIs byang zhIng dag par mdzad la / spruld pa'I skus phyogs cu'I 'jIg rten gyI khams kyI sems can yongs su smyIn pha' mdzad pa'I sku'I gzugs brnyan bzhugsu

(27v2) gsol pa dang / sangs rgyas snang ba mtha' yas sangs rgyas thams cad kyI zhIng gI mchog ngan song gsum dang bgegs brgyad kyI myIng myI gragste / lha'I longs spyod kyI rgyan

(27v3) thams cad kyIs brgyan pa na / mya ngan las 'da' ba'I mying myI srid pa na bzhugs shIng 'jIg rten las 'das pa'I skyid pa phun sum tshogs pa thams cad kyis brgyan p'ai zhIng na / sems

(27v4) can gyI don mdzad cing lhag par thugs rje che bas mtsan nas brjod pa tsam kyis sdIg pa thams cad 'byang la sangs rgyas kyI zhIng der skye bar byIn kyIs rlob pa'I sku'I gzugs brnyan bzhugs par gsol

(28r1) $ pa dang / sangs rgyas byams pa da ltar dga' ldan gnam na rIn po che'I gzhal myed kang lha'I rgyan thams cad kyis brgyan pa'I gnas na lha'I bu thams cad yongs su smyIn par mdzad cing

(28r2) chos kyI 'khor lo skor ba'I spyod lam gcig la lha'I pho brang gI dkyIl 'khor na myI g.yo bar bzhugs kyang thugs rje chen po'i 'od gzer dang / thams cad mkhyen pa'I ye shes skad cig gcig gIs

(28r3) 'jIg rten gyI khams rgya mtsho snyed du lha rdzas kyI bde bas rol cing bzhugs pa'I sangs rgyas byams pa / ma 'ongs pai dus na thams cad sdod cing re la kun kyI dbugs 'byInd pa mtsan dang don du ldan

(28r4) ba / thugs rje chen po'I shugs kyis kun la byams pas khyab pa'I sku'I gzugs brnyan bzhugsu gsol pha dang / byang cub sems dpa' chen po brgyad dang / khro bo gnyIs las stsogs pa'I 'khor bzhugsu gsol pha

(28v1) dang / ngos bzhI'I mgon po dang / phyogs skyong dang / lha klu sde brgyad las stsogs pa'I rten btsugs te bzhugsu gsol pha nas / bzhon ba dang 'chag sa dang / bskyed mos tsal dang / rnam par dag pa'I yo byad thams cad

(28v2) yon du phul nas mnga' rIs bcad pa'I bsod nams kyIs / / btsan po khrI gtsug lde brtsan gyI zha snga nas / / dpag du myed par sku tshe rIng la / mnga' thang che / thugs la dgongs so 'tsal 'byord grub ste 'khor

(28v3) lo skor ba'I rgyal po dang 'dra bar glIng bzhI rgyal khams gzhan la yang mnga' mdzad cing mthar bla na myed pa'I sangs rgyas su grub par smon to / / rgya drug dang chab srId mjal bar mol te / gtsigs kyI gtsug

(28v4) lag khang brtsIgs nas mnga' rIs bcad de / mchod pa gsold / yon phul ba'I yon bdag chen po byang cub kyI sems dang ldan zhIng dkon mcog gsum kyi skyabs mdzad pha blon chen po zhang khri sum rje dang / zhang chen po lha bzang

(29r1) $ / / lta bu dkon mchog gsum gyI skyabs su che ba sang slad gnyIs ma byung ste / snyIng chen pos kun la phan 'dogs pha 'dI mang po kun la phangs shIng gces par / / 'phags pa thugs rje can rnams kyis kyang thugs su chud

(29r2) cing mkhyen pa dang / ngos bzhI'I mgon po dang / lha klu las stsogs phas thugs su chud cing mkhyen pas bgegs dang bar chad thams cad yongs su bstsalte dpag tu myed par tshe rIng zhIng nad myed par byIn kyis

(29r3) brlab ste / dgongs su gsol / / gzIgsu gsol / / thugs rjes bskyab tu gsol / / bsam pa phun sum tshogs pa thams cad grub par mdzad du gsol / / slad 'khor na phyI nang gyI 'khor

(29r4) thams cad bgegs dang / bar chad yongs su zhI byang ste / tshe rIng nad myed la skyId pa phun sum tshogs pa dang ldan bar smon to / / blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / chen po zhang lha bzang las stsogs pha bdag cag rnams

(29v1) kyIs bla na myed pa'I byang cub du sems bsnyed de / dge ba'I rtsa ba bsngo ba nI gtsigs kyI gtsug lag khang brtsIgs te / dkon mchog gsum gyI rten btsugs phas bod rje blon 'khord dang bcas pha sku tshe rIng la mnga' thang

(29v2) che / mtha'I rgyal khams gzhan dgra chos kyIs gdab myI 'tsal bar 'bangs su rang 'dus te gtsigs bcas pa bzhIn yun rIng por brtan ba dang / dgra dang 'khrug pa'I myIng myI grag / / lo phyugs rtag

(29v3) tu legs la theg pa chen po'I chos yun rIng tu brtan zhIng / dard pa dang / sems [can] thams cad dam pa'I chos la dad cing mos par 'gyur te bde skyId phun sum tshogs pa dang ldan bar smon to / /

(29v4) gtsug lag khang brtsIgs pas blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / chen po zhang lha bzang las stsogs pha sems can thams cad kyI gnas 'jIg rten dang 'jIg rten las 'das pa'I lha'I pho brang rIn po che gzhal

(30r1) $ / / myed khang dang ldan bar shog / shIg / / de bzhIn gshegs pa'I sku'I gzugs brnyan bzhugs su gsol ba'I bsod nams kyIs / bod rje blon 'khor dang bcas pha dang / blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang chen po zhang lha

(30r2) bzang dang / sems can thams cad kyIs de bzhIn gshegs pa'I sku mtsan dang / dpe byad bzang pos brgyan pha / thugs ye shes rnam bzhI bsam kyIs myI khyab pa dang ldan ba / gsung tshangs pa'I dbyangs

(30r3) drug cu rtsa gnyIs dang ldan bas kun tu sgrogs pa dang ldan bar shog shIg / / yon bla re dang / gdugs phul bas nI 'gro ba mang po'I bla mar gyurte / rIn po che'I bla res g.yogs pha sems can

(30r4) thams [cad] kyI nyon mongs pa'I drod 'jIl bar shog shIg / / rgyal mtsan dang ba dan gsol pas nI nyon mongs pa'I dgra dang bdud bzhI las rgyal te rIn po che'I rgyal mtsan thams cad kyIs chos kyI dbyIngs kun tu gnas

(30v1) bar gyur nas dbang gI rgyal mtsan tsugs par shog shIg / / rgyan dang na bza' gsol pas nI lha rdzas kyI rin po che'I na bza' spa ba gser gyI ngang rIs can rgyan thams cad kyis brgyand pha

(30v2) lha rdzas gos kyI mchog thob cing rang bzhIn kyIs khrel ba dang / 'dzem ba'I bag yod pas klan ka dang / skyon [dpyas (/dmyas)] myed pa thob par shog shIg / / dkyIl 'khor gsol pas nI sangs rgyas kyI zhIng yongs su

(30v3) dag par rIn po che'I shIng dang / rgyan thams cad kyIs brgyan pa'I gnas spyod yul khyad bar can thog par shog shIg / / yon me tog gsol pas nI yId tu 'ong ba'I gzugs dang / mtsan kyIs brgyan te / 'gro ba

(30v4) mang pos bltas na mdzes shIng mthong na dad par 'gyur ba'I lus skyon myed pa thob par shog shIg / pog spos gsol phas nI tsul khrIms kyI drI bsung rnam par dag pas brgyan cing gnas pa'I 'khor dang / spyod

(31r1) $ / / yul yId tu 'ong ba dang ldan bar shog shIg / / spos chab gsol pas nI gnas dang 'khor na yan lag brgyad dang ldan ba'I chu dang ldan te / gtsang zhIng drI myed la dbang po dang zhIng gsal bar shog shIg / / nor rdzas

(31r2) gsol phas nI 'jIg rten thams cad na dbul zhIng phongs pa'I myIng myI gragste / yIn bzhIn lha'I longs spyod dang ldan zhIng zad myI shes pa'I gter dang ldan bar shog shIg / / rkang 'gros gsol pas nI 'gro ba mang po

(31r3) sgyong bar gyur te sangs rgyas kyI zhing gcig nas gcig tu rgyu ba'I rdzu 'phruld kyI rkang pha dang ldan bar shog shIg / / zhal zas gsol phas nI zIl dngar bro'I mchog gsung mchog brtsegs pa'I

(31r4) zhal zas dam pa dang ldan bar gyurd te / sems can thams cad kyI gsos su gyur par shog shIg / / mchod ston gsol pas nI gnas dang 'khor na lha rdzas dam pa'I rol mo'I sgra 'byIn cing kun tu khyab

(31v1) shog shIg / / kha dog dang stobs mchog tu rgyas shIng tshe rIng nad myed pa dang / longs spyod zad myI shes pa dang ldan bar shog shIg / / yon rol mo gsol pas nI gnas dang 'khor na lha rdzas dam pa'I rol

(31v2) mo'I sgra 'byIn cing kun tu khyab par shog shIg / / mar mye gsol phas na 'gro ba thams cad kyI ma rIg pa'I mun nag bstsalte / shes rab kyI sgron ma dang ldan bar shog shIg / / rkyen kyI 'bangs

(31v3) phul bas nI gzhan kyIs myI phyed myI thub pa'I 'khor phun sum tshogs pa'I dang ldan bar shog shIg / / bya dga' rIm par phye ste don stsal bgyIs so 'tsal gyI bsod nams kyIs 'jIg rten dang 'jIg

(31v4) rten las 'das pa'I longs spyod phun sum tshogs pa thams cad dang ldan bar shog shIg / / gzhan yang de bzhIn gshegs pa'I ye shes chags pa myed cing sgrIb pa myed pas mkhyen pa rab tu mkhyen pha

(32r1) $ / / gzIgs pha rab tu gzIgs pha'I bdag cag gI dge ba'I rtsa ba gcig tu bsdus nas bla na myed pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang cub du bsngos pha des sangs rgyas thams cad yongs su mnyes par

(32r2) gyurd cig / / sangs rgyas kyI zhIng thams cad yongsu sbyong bar gyur cig / / sems can thams cad yongs su smyIn par byed pa'I mthu dang ldan bar gyurd cig / / dge ba'I bshes gnyen thams cad

(32r3) dang chos smra ba thams cad du mgu bar byed par gyurd cig / / de bzhIn gshegs pha thams cad kyI bstan pa yang dag par 'dzIn cing srung ba dang yongs su skyong bar gyurd cig / / las kyI sgrIb

(32r4) pa thams cad byang bar gyurd cig / / nyon mongs pa'I sgrIb pa thams cad rnam par dag par gyurd cig / / sgrIb pa'I lIng tog thams cad rnam par sbyong bar gyurd cig / / bdud kyI rtsod pa'I dpung thams

(32v1) cad rab tu 'dul bar gyurd cig / / ngan song thams cad kyI rgyun chad par gyurd cig / / sangs rgyas kyI chos thams cad mngon bar byang cub par gyurd cig / / tIng nge 'dzIn thams cad dang / dbang thob

(32v2) pa dang / mngon bar shes pha thams cad kyIs rnam par rtsend pa dang / rnam par thard pa thams cad kyI sgo nas rnam par 'phruld par gyurte 'phags pa 'jam dpal lta bu'I shes rab dang / kun [tu] bzang po

(32v3) lta bu'I smon lam dang / kun tu spyan ras gzIgs kyI thugs rje dang / phyag na rdo rje lta bu'I mthu stobs dang / drI ma myed par grags pa lta bu'I thabs la mkhas phas sems can gyI don la 'jug par

(32v4) 'gyur te / / nyon mongs pa'I sgrIb nI zad / shes bya'I sgrIb pa nI byang / byang cub kyI sa bcu nI non te / myI gnas pa'I mya ngan las 'das par smon to / /

(33r1) $ / / rgya drug las stsogs pha mjal duM chen po mdzad pa'I gtsIgs gyI gtsug lag khang grags pha chen po'I khams nI bzhengs pa'I dkon mchog gsum la dbyar mo thang khrom chen po khaMs nas smon lam du

(33r2) gsol ba dang / yon du dbul ba' / / dkon mchog gsum la phyag 'tsal lo / / sangs rgyas la phyag 'tsal te / thams cad mkhyen pa'I ye shes rdzogs pa la'o / / chos la phyag 'tsal te theg pa

(33r3) chen po'I pha rol tu phyIn pa'I don dang ldan ba rnams la'o / / dge 'dun la phyag 'tsal te / / 'gro ba yongs kyI don snyIng rje chen po sbyor ba'I byang cub sems dpa' rnams la'o / / rje lha sras 'phruld kyI rje blon chen pos

(33r4) bod khams yongs kyis bde skyId par thugs dpags mdzad de / sku don chen po grub pa bdag cag khams chen po yongs kyI smon lam de bzhIn te / mchod pa'I yul phul nas / dkon mchog gsum la skyabs su gsol lo /

(33v1) rje lha sras kyI zha snga nas / / myI rje lhas mdzad pas thugs la 'phrul mnga' / lha'I chos gtsug lag bzang po rgyas par mdzad pa'I thugs rjes gnam mtha' 'og gun du yang khyab / dbu rmog brtsan mnga'

(33v2) thang che ba'I byIn kyIs nI blon chen po 'phags pha dang ldan ba rje blon 'phrul kyis nyI 'og gI rgyal po chen po rgya drug las stsogs pa gdul dka' zhIng / sngan cad bka' 'og tu ma cud pa'I rnams

(33v3) la rlabs chen pos btul te / rgyal po chen po rgya drug dang 'jang las stsogs pha bka' 'og du dus gcig du 'dus te / mjal dum gyI gtsigs chen po bcas te / bod 'bangs mgo nag po mtha yun

(33v4) du bde skyId par gnang ba'I bka' drIn chen po stsald pas kyang ma 'tsalte / mtha' bzhI thams cad du bde pa'I bka' drin kyis bkab nas mjal dum chen po'I gtsigs bcas pa'I gzhIr bkra shIs kyI gtsug lag khang

(34r1) $ / / grags pa chen po bzhengs nas nam zhar yang myI 'gyur ba'I gtsigs kyI rdo rings btsugs te / rje blon chen pos legs pa chen po'I gzhI btIng ba' rje lha sras gyI zha snga nas / sku tshe g.yung drung du bzhes te / sku

(34r2) la snyun myI mnga' / slad rjes su yang dgongs 'tsal grub / chab srId kyI blon po chen po legs pa chen po mdzad pa'I rnams legs dgur 'gyur zhIng / rgyal po nyI 'og bka' 'og du 'dus pha dang / bkra

(34r3) shIs par smon lam gsolte / dbyar mo thang khrom chen po'I khams nas / yon du dbul ba' / / dbus kyi khams chen po mdo gams gyI dbang po

(34r4) man cad 'bangs yongs kyis gtsigs kyi gtsug lag khang du yon tu dbul zhIng smon lam du gsol ba' / / bod chen po 'phrul kyI lha btsan po sku la byInd chags / thugs la 'phrul mnga' ba'I zha snga nas / /

(34v1) 'greng mgo nag gI rjer myI rjer lha las gshegs te / rgyal khams gzhan gyI rgyal po gang bas kyang 'phags shIng thugs la 'phrul mnga' dgongs pa nam ka'I dbyIngs dang 'dra bar yangs shIng rgya che / ri rab lhun po bzhIn du bkra' drang

(34v2) gsung rtag / gnyI zla'I 'od dang 'dra bar / byams pa dang thugs rjes khyab par mdzad de / mtha' yun gyI don du dkon mcog gsum gyI mcod rten btsugs shIng dam pa'I chos bdud rtsI'i sgo phye nas spyod du

(34v3) stsald te / bod rje blon byang cub gyI spyod pa dang / sngon gyI bsod nams dang / smon lam gyI shugs kyIs 'dzam bu gling 'dI'I rgyal pho chen po bzhI'i 'bangs 'greng dud la thugs rje chen po'I byin

(34v4) kyis khyab ste / mtha' dag bde skyid par dgongste / mjal dum chen po grub nas 'gro ba mang po so so gnas gnas mal mal du bde skyid pha chen po mdzad de / de ga g.yu tshal mjal dum

IOL Tib J 751 (folios 35r–41v)

British Library. OTDO transcription: archives?p=ITJ_0751

(35r1) $ /:/ thang du gtsigs kyI gtsug lag khang bzhengs par mdo gams kyI khams kyi dbang po rnams kyIs dkon mcog gsum la mcod cIng yon phul ba 'dI'i bsod nams dang / byin gyI rlabs kyis

(35r2) lha btsan po rje blon 'khord dang bcas pa'I sdig pa thams cad nI byang / bsod nams dang ye shes kyI tshogs nI yongsu rdzogs nas chab srId mjal dum g.yung drung du brtan sku tse rIng zhing lha dang myI'i bde skyid

(35r3) phun sum tshogs pa la gnas te / bla na myed pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'I byang cub lhun gyIs grub par smon to / / $ / / de ga gtsIgs kyi gtsug lag khang zhal bsro ba'I

(35r4) tshe bde blon gyI smon lam du gsol ba' / / phyogs bcu mtha' yas mu myed pa na skye ba dang / 'gog pa las rnam par dben ba yod myed dang rtag chad kyI mtha' las 'das pa dus gsum gyI de {bde} bzhin gshegs pa

(35v1) thams cad la mcod cIng bstod nas skyabsu mcIste / gus par phyag 'tsal lo / / 'jIg rten dang 'jIg rten las 'das pa na 'phags pa thams cad mkhyend pa'I ye shes dang ldan ba gag la cI snyed bzhugs so cog

(35v2) dang / chos dang / sangs rgyas dang / dge 'dun la skyabsu mcIste / gus par phyag 'tsal lo / / 'o lde spu rgyal gnam gyI lha las myI'I rjer gshegs pa yong gIs sku bla gnyan / chab srId che / chos bzang / gtsug

(35v3) lag che bas yul byung sa [ngod (/dod)] tshun cad rje'I gdung ma gyurd te / chab srId g.yung drung du brtan zhIng che ba'I bka' drIn chen pos phyogs brgyad du khyab par khebste / phyI nang gnyIs kyi 'greng myI 'o chog la

(35v4) mnyam bar dgongs nas mtho zhing dregs pa nI rlabs dang thabs kyIs btul te rigs pa'I chos la btsud / dma' zhIng rgud pa nI 'phral yun gnyIsu dga' zhIng spro bar gzengs bstod nas gnam mtha' 'og

(36r1) $ / / gI 'greng myI 'o chog yun gyI bka' drin gyIs khyab pas / gnam chen po phyogs bzhI'i mnga' bdag / / 'phrul gyI lugs dang 'thun ba nI / bod kyI lha btsan po / 'phrul gyI zha snga nas bzhugs te / / yong yang / chu bo chen po'i

(36r2) glad / gangs rI mthon po'i rtsa / yul mtho sa gtshang ba'I gnas na bzhugs pas / 'phrul gyI lha btshan po ni / / gdung rabs 'grangs par yang / lha'i lugs ma mnyam ste / rgyal po gzhan bas / che zhIng brtsan bar

(36r3) mngon / / de ltar yab myes lha dang stang bas / yong yang / chab srid che / dbu rmog brtsan ba'I steng du / / 'phrul gyI lha btshan po khri gtsug lde brtsan gyi zha snga nas / sku la dbyig

(36r4) 'khrungs / thugs la 'phrul mnga' ste / gtsug lag khang thams chad tshul bzhin mdzad pas nI / sku bla rIng rdzI dang / gnam sa'i lha klu / thams chad kyang 'go zhing dgyes / / thugs rje chen po dang ldan bas nI 'greng myI

(36v1) 'o chog la / gnam sa'i lugs dang 'thun par / bkab cIng bkur te / chab srid gyi mnga' thang chen po dard cIng rgyas pa'i dus su / chab srid kyi blon po yang 'phags pa dag chig / mnga' thang du byung ste / / blon chen po

(36v2) zhang khrI sum rje dang / chen po zhang lha bzang po gnyis kyis / dgra'i shed smad de / chab srid kyI phang [bsdod (/bsngod)] nas / / rgya drug 'jang las stsogs pa mtha'I rgyal po / / bar du chab srid la [sngo (/sdo)] zhing rtsol / ba

(36v3) kun kyang / bka' nan gyI mthu dang / rlabs gyIs / bthul bas nI re thag bcad / yun rIng por legs shIng bde ba'I bka' drin gyis ni dad pa dang spro ba bskyed nas / gnam sa yid 'byor pa dang 'dra bar / rgyal

(36v4) khams du ma zhig gis / / bod rje blon gyI bka' gus par mnyan te / chab srid mjal dum chen po mdzad pa 'dI yang / 'phral yun gnyis su legs shing bde ba nyI tser ma bste / / gzha' gsang gnyis

(37r1) $ / / su chab srId kyi phang mtho ba dang smos shIng brjod pa'I don kyang rab du zab / lo stong rabs khrir yang 'brI ba myed par bzang zhIng snyan te mjal dum gyI legs pa chen po mngon sum du mdzad

(37r2) pa 'dI dkon mchog gsum dang / 'jig rten gyI lha klu thams cad kyis kyang mkhyend cIng gzigs pas na / nam du yang myI 'gyur zhing brtan bar smond to / / de ltar mjal dum chen po

(37r3) mdzad pa'I rkyen kyis rgyal khams du ma zhig gI 'bangs mchon cha'I khar nyon mongs pa mying myed par brtsald te / bde skyid pa'I gnas la dus gcig du bkod pa'I bsod nams

(37r4) chen po 'dIs / 'phrul gyI lha btsan po khrI gtsug lde brtsan mched dang / chab srid kyI blon po chen po legs pa sgrub sgrub pa blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / zhang chen po lha

(37v1) bzang la stsogs pa bod rje blon 'khord par bcas pa dang / sems can thams cad sgrIb pa rnam gnyis byang nas bsod nams dang ye shes kyI tshogs yongsu rdzogste mthar yang bla na myed pa yang dag

(37v2) par rdzogs pa'I byang cub du mngon bar rdzogs par sangs rgyas par smon to / / de ga g.yu tshal mjal dum thang du gtsigs kyI gtsug lag khang mdzad pa 'dI yang lo ngo gnyis

(37v3) la rgyal khams chen po gsum mjal dum ba dang gtsigs chen po mdzad pa'I sa gzhI ste / 'dIr bcas pa dang sbyar na 'dI yang sngon gyI 'phags pa rnams kyIs yang

(37v4) dag par byIn kyIs brlabs pa'I sa gzhI zhIg ste / yong yang 'dI lta bu'I legs pa chen po dus gcig du byung ba'I don du btsigs pas lhag par yang bsod nams che zhIng bkra shIs par mngon te /

(38r1) $ / / bsod nams chen po de dag gI byIn kyIs gtsung lag khang 'dI yang nam nyI ma dang / zla ba yod kyI bar du yun du brtan ba dang / 'phrul kyI lha btsan po khrI gtsug lde brtsan gyI zha snga nas / sku tshe ring zhing

(38r2) chab srid che ba dang / dgongs pa yId bzhIn du grub par smon to / / sngon rgya drug dang chab srId la ma mjald te nold pa dag gI dus na lha sras dbu bang rmog brtsan po dang / blon po dpa' 'dzangs

(38r3) ldan zhIng dgra thabs mkhas pa'I skyims kyIs dgra la phog pa dang / dmag mang po'I mthu brtsan pos dgra'I mkhar phab pa dang / g.yu bzlog pa dang / yul bcom ba dang / mnangs bcad pa la

(38r4) stsogste / dgra'I myi phyugs mang pho srog dang bral ba dang ma byInd par blangs pha'I dngo sdIg cI mcis pa yang bsod nams chen po 'dI'i byIn dang zil kyIs mnand te zhu zhIng byang bar smon

(38v1) to / / dkon mchog gsum la mcod cIng yon phul ba dang / dngo sdig bshags pa la stsogs pa'I bsod nams kyIs rjesu bsngo zhIng dmyigs pa dang / bzod pa dang 'thol tsangsu

(38v2) gsol ba la stsogs pa smon lam gzhan yang / bla nas mdzad pa dang mthun bar smond to / / $ /:/ de ga g.yu tshal gtsigs gyI gtsug lag khang du mkhar tsan

(38v3) khrom chen pos smon lam du gsol ba / / bod rje blon dbu rmog brtsan sgam dkyel chen po'I sku rIl la / bar du rgya drug dang 'jang rgyal khams chen po gsum gyis chab srid kyI mdab du

(38v4) [bsngos (/bsdos)] pa las / rje dbu rmog brtsan blon po rIn po che dpa' rtsal dang ldan ba'I byin rlabs kyIs dgra bka' 'og du chud du gtsigs bka' stsald to 'tsald du mnos pa / naM zha

(39r1) $ /:/ myi rabs kyI gtam brjod kyI bar du legs pa'I bka' drIn dgugs kyis zIn to 'tsal la khebste brjod pa'I gtsigs kyI gtsug lag khang bzhengs par rgyal khams chab srid kyI la

(39r2) ltod pa'I slad du lha sras khrI gtsug lde brtsan gyi zha snga nas thugs kyI phrin las su mdzad pa dang / blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / chen po zhang lha bzang gIs dgra rgya drug gI g.yul

(39r3) chen po bzlog pa la stsogs pa thabs ches dgra la gnad par bgyIs pa dang / khom mkhar tsan pa lta zhig bod 'bangs dpa' sran la stend pa'I tshul bzhin du

(39r4) lo ngo gcIg la g.yul chen po gnyis bzlog pa'I dpa' ba'I rna drangs pa la stsogs ste / bod rjes 'bangs kyIs chab srid la [sngo (/sdo)] ba'I slad du dbugs chags la gnad pa'I sems

(39v1) kyIs mphro btod cing rma phrung ngo 'tsal / rdul tsam ma lus phar byang bar smon lam gsol te / khar tsan khrom kyIs yon dbul ba la / $ / / de ga g.yu tshal gtsigs kyI gtsug lag khang du kva cu khrom chen

(39v2) po nas smon lam du gsol ba / / bod rje blon dbu rmog brtsan / skam dkyel chen po'I sku rIng la / bar du dgra rgya drug 'jang rgyal khams chen po gsum kyIs chab srid kyI mdab du [bsngos (/bsdos)] pha las

(39v3) rje dbu rmog brtsan / blon po rIn po che dpa' rtsal dang ldan ba'I rlabs kyis dgra bka' 'og du chud de / gtsigs bka' stsald to 'tsal du mnos pha nam zha myI rabs su gtam brjod kyi bar du

(39v4) legs pa'I bga' drin dbugs gyI zIn to 'tsal khebs te / brjod pa'I btsigs kyI gtsug lag khang bzhengs par rgyal khams chab srid kyI la ltod pa'I slad du / lha sras kyI zha snga nas / thugs kyi

(40r1) $ / / 'phrIn las su mdzad pa dang / blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / chen po zhang lha bzang gIs rgya drug gI g.yul chen po bzlog pa las stsogs pha bod rjes 'bangs kyIs chab srId la [sngo (/sdo)] ba'I slad

(40r2) du dgra la gnad pa'I shugs kyIs bgyIs so 'tsal bag tsam ma lus par byang bar smon lam du gsol te / / kva cu khrom chen po nas yon du dbul ba' / / $ / / phyug tsams

(40r3) stong pon dpon g.yog gI smon lam du gsol ba' / / dkon mchog gsum la phyag 'tsal lo / / sangs rgyas la phyag 'tsal te thams cad mkhyen pa la'o / / chos la phyag 'tsal te /

(40r4) theg pa bla na myed pa la'o / / dge 'dun la phyag 'tsal te / phyIr myI log pa'I byang cub sems dpa' rnams la'o / / bdag dang gzhan kyI don sgrub pa'I phyir dkon mchog gsum la mchod de / sdIg pa thams

(40v1) cad bstsald nas / bsod nams kyI rjes su yI rang ste / dkon mchog gsum la phyogs shing rten to / / thugs sgam dbu rmog brtsan ba'I rje blon thugs la 'phrul dgongs phas rgya drug 'jang las stsogs pha

(40v2) bar du bka' myI mnyand pa yang 'bangs gnyug ma dang 'dra bar rnal du phab nas dbu rmog brtsan la chab srId che ba'I 'dab la phyogs par gsol nas / mjal dum gyi gtsigs bcas nas

(40v3) rdo rIngs la brIs / gtsIgs kyI gtsug lag khang bzhengs nas so khams kyI khrom nI dal / yul chen po'I dbus skyId cing dar par bgyIs pa 'dI las bka' drIn che ba ma mcis pas srI zhu dang bka'

(40v4) drIn dran ba'I mtsan ma tsam du dkon mchog gsum la yon ba'I bsod nams kyIs / bod rje blon 'khor dang bcas pha sku tshe dang mnga' thang g.yung drung du grub la bod khams na phas kyI dgra dang 'khrug pa'I myI gragste /

(41r1) $ / / lo phyugs rtag legs la gtsigs bcas pa bzhIn yun du brtan zhIng 'jIg rten dang 'jIg rten las 'das pa'I bde skyId phun sum tshogs pha dang ldan bar smon to / /

(41r2) $ / / 'brom khong spe sa'I smon lam du gsol ba' / / rje bla na bzhugs pa nI lha / chab srId kyI blon po nI 'phruld / rje blon lha 'phrul kyIs gnam ral ba nI lha'I byIn kyis drubs / sa gas pa nI blon po'I rlabs kyIs

(41r3) btsems te / gnam sa nI yId sbyar / dgra zIn nI mjal dum nas / mtha nas nI dgra myI [sdo (/sngo)] / / byang nas nI g.yag myI rdungste / bod 'bangs yongs bde skyId pa 'ba' shIg du ma bas te / nyI 'og gyI rgya khamsna

(41r4) rgyal phran mcis pa'I rnams sems myi bde zhIng srid shor du dogs pa'I rnams kyang srid la myI dbab cing sems bde ba yang / rje blon lha 'phruld kyI sku yon / 'dI 'dra bar bka' drin chen po stsal nas

(41v1) bod 'bangs yongs su bde ba'I dus nI nyI ma bzhIn du shard / men tog bzhIn du rgyas nas yul bkra shIs dbyar mo thang de ga g.yul tsal du / / blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / zhang chen po lha bzang dang / bka'

(41v2) 'khor dang bdag cag las stsogs phas gtsug lag khang brtsIgs dge 'dun gyI sde btsugs rkyen dang bcas par sbyar ba'I yon kyIs / rje lha sras khrI gtsug lde brtsan gyI sgu tshe rIng / dbu rmog brtsan ba dang /

(41v3) blon chen po zhang khrI sum rje dang / zhang chen po lha bzang dgongs so 'tsal mthar phyIn pa dang / sku tshe ring ba dang / bod rje blon kyI gtsug lag nyI ma dang 'dra bar nam zhar myI 'gyur ba dang / gtsigs brtan

(41v4) ba' dang / bdag chag las stsogs sems can thams cad tshe rabs kyI las kyI sgrIb pa byang ste / bla na myed pa'I lha'I yang lha sangs rgyas bcom ldan 'das byams pa 'I 'khor du skye bar smon to / /

Source Colophon

The Old Tibetan source text is drawn from the critical transcriptions published by the Old Tibetan Documents Online (OTDO) project, maintained by the Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (AA-Ken), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. The OTDO transcriptions are based on high-resolution digital images of the original manuscripts.

Pelliot tibétain 16 — Pothi-format manuscript, 17 folios, 7 × 42.8 cm, yellowish paper. The prayers occupy folios 22r–34v of a larger manuscript. Held by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (acquired from Paul Pelliot's Dunhuang expedition, 1908).

IOL Tib J 751 — Continuation of the same text on a separate manuscript. Held by the British Library (Indian Office Library collection, acquired from Aurel Stein's expeditions).

Manuscript images are viewable on Gallica (BnF) and the International Dunhuang Project (IDP, British Library).

OTDO transcriptions are freely accessible at under academic open-access terms.

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