A Complete Good Works Translation from Description of Greece 10.19.5-10.23.14

This complete source-unit gathers Pausanias' full Delphic narrative of the Galatian war: Cambaules, Bolgius, Brennus, trimarkisia, the Greek muster, Spercheios, Thermopylae, Callium, the path over Oeta, Apollo's defense of Delphi, the panic, Brennus' death, and the Celtic crossing into Asia.

Translation

Chapter 10.19

Section 5

The expedition of the Galatians into Greece has some remembrance also in my account of the Athenian council chamber. But I wished to bring the things concerning them into clearer view in the account of Delphi, because the greatest deeds done by the Greeks against the barbarians happened there. The Celts made their first campaign beyond their borders under Cambaules as leader. After advancing as far as Thrace, they lost courage for the rest of the march, judging themselves too few and not equal to the Greeks in number for battle.

Section 6

When it seemed good to bring arms a second time against the land of others, those who had campaigned with Cambaules urged it most of all. They had already tasted raiding and plunder, and had come into desire for gain. A great body of foot soldiers, and not a small number for the cavalry as well, were gathered. The leaders divided the army into three parts, and each of them was assigned to go against a different country.

Section 7

Cererthrius was to lead against the Thracians and the people of the Triballi. Brennus and Acichorius were commanders of those going into Paeonia. Bolgius marched against the Macedonians and Illyrians, and came into battle with Ptolemy, who then held the kingship of the Macedonians. This was the Ptolemy who murdered Seleucus son of Antiochus, even though he had fled to him as a suppliant, and he had the surname Keraunos because of his extreme boldness. Ptolemy himself died in the battle, and no small destruction came upon the Macedonians. Even then the Celts did not dare advance against Greece, and so the second expedition returned home.

Section 8

Then Brennus was much at work in the common assemblies, and much also with each of the Galatian men in office, stirring them up to campaign against Greece. He described the weakness of the Greeks at that time, and said that there was much public wealth, and still more in the sanctuaries: votive offerings, and coined silver and gold. So he persuaded the Galatians to march against Greece. Among the other men in office whom he chose as joint commanders with himself was Acichorius.

Section 9

The army that was gathered amounted to fifteen myriads of foot soldiers with two thousand added to them, and the horsemen were twenty thousand four hundred. This was the number of cavalry always in active service, but their true number was sixty-one thousand two hundred. For around each horseman were two attendants, themselves good at riding and likewise having horses.

Section 10

When battle had been joined for the Galatian horsemen, the attendants waited behind the formation and became useful to them in this way. If the rider or the horse happened to fall, the attendant supplied a horse for the man to mount; if the man died, the slave mounted the horse in place of his master. If fate overtook both rider and horse, a horseman was ready there. When the riders received wounds, one of the slaves carried the wounded man away to the camp, and the other took his place in the formation instead of the one who had departed.

Section 11

To me, this practice of the Galatians seemed to have been devised in imitation of the number of the ten thousand among the Persians, who were called the Immortals. But there was a difference: among the Persians, replacements for the dead were enrolled after the battle; among the Galatians, the number of the horsemen was filled up in the very height of the action. They called this arrangement trimarkisia in their native speech; and one should know that marka is the name for a horse among the Celts.

Section 12

With such preparation and with such intention, Brennus drove against Greece. The spirits of the Greeks had utterly fallen; yet the strength of their terror drove Greece into the necessity of defending itself. They saw that the present struggle would not be for freedom, as it once had been against the Mede, nor that after giving earth and water safety would come to them from that. The things done to the Macedonians, Thracians, and Paeonians in the former Galatian raid still lay in their memory, and the lawless acts then being done against the Thessalians were being reported. Therefore each man privately, and the cities together, were in this state: they must either be destroyed or prevail.

Chapter 10.20

Section 1

Anyone who wishes may compare the number of those who came to the Gates against King Xerxes with those who were then gathered against the Galatians. Against the Mede came these Greeks: the Lacedaemonians with Leonidas, no more than three hundred; five hundred Tegeans and the same number from Mantinea; one hundred twenty from Orchomenus in Arcadia; one thousand from the other cities in Arcadia; eighty from Mycenae and two hundred from Phlius; twice that number of Corinthians. Seven hundred Boeotians also came, and four hundred from Thespiae and Thebes. A thousand Phocians guarded the path on Oeta, and their number should be added to the whole Greek force.

Section 2

Herodotus did not include in his count the Locrians beneath Mount Cnemis, but said that they came from all their cities. It is possible to estimate their number very near the truth. For the Athenians came to Marathon, including those of useless age and slaves, no more than nine thousand; therefore no one would count the fighting force of the Locrians who came to Thermopylae above six thousand. In this way the whole army would be twelve thousand two hundred. Yet even these do not appear to have remained at the guard of the Gates for the whole time; apart from the Lacedaemonians themselves, the Thespians, and the Mycenaeans, the rest left before the end of the battle.

Section 3

Against the barbarians from the Ocean, these Greeks came to Thermopylae: from the Boeotians, ten thousand hoplites and five hundred horsemen. Their Boeotarchs were Cephisodotus, Thearidas, Diogenes, and Lysander. From the Phocians came five hundred horsemen and about three thousand foot soldiers; the Phocian generals were Critobulus and Antiochus.

Section 4

Meidias led the Locrians from around the island Atalante; their number was seven hundred, and they had no cavalry. From the Megarians came four hundred hoplites, led by Megareus. The Aetolians had the largest army and one fitted for every kind of fighting. They do not state how large the cavalry was, but there were seven hundred ninety light-armed men and more than seven thousand hoplites. The Aetolians were led by Polyarchus, Polyphron, and Lacrates.

Section 5

The Athenian general was Callippus son of Moerocles, as I have already shown earlier in the account. Their force was all their seaworthy triremes, five hundred cavalry, and one thousand men stationed among the infantry; and because of their ancient rank they held the command. From the kings came five hundred mercenaries from Macedonia and an equal number from Asia. Aristodemus, a Macedonian, commanded those sent by Antigonus; Telesarchus, from the Syrians on the Orontes, commanded those sent by Antiochus and from Asia.

Section 6

When the Greeks gathered at Thermopylae learned that the army of the Galatians was already around Magnesia and the land of Phthiotis, they decided at once to select about a thousand light-armed troops and cavalry and send them to the Spercheios, so that the barbarians would not be able to cross the river without battle and danger. When they arrived, they broke down the bridges and camped beside the bank. Brennus, however, was neither wholly without sense nor, barbarian though he was, inexperienced in devising stratagems against enemies.

Section 7

Immediately on the following night, not where the old bridges over the river were, but lower down, so that the Greeks would not notice the crossing, and where the Spercheios spread out most widely into the plain and made marsh and lake instead of a violent and narrow current, Brennus sent about ten thousand of the Galatians: those among them who knew how to swim, and anyone whose body happened to be longer than most. The Celts are in any case far above all other people in bodily height.

Section 8

So these men crossed in the night, swimming through the marshy part of the river. Each man made his arms, the native shields, serve as a raft; the tallest among them were able to pass through the water on foot. When the Greeks at the Spercheios learned that a part of the barbarians had crossed through the marsh, they immediately withdrew to the main army. Brennus then ordered those who lived around the Maliac Gulf to bridge the Spercheios. They carried out the work with eagerness, both from fear of him and because they wanted the barbarians to depart from their country and not remain there doing more harm.

Section 9

When Brennus had brought the army across by the bridges, he moved toward Heraclea. The Galatians plundered what lay in the countryside and killed the people who had been caught in the fields, but they did not take the city. For a year before these events, the Aetolians had compelled the people of Heraclea to join the Aetolian League; therefore they defended the city as one belonging no less to themselves than to the Heracleans. Brennus himself cared less about the affairs of Heraclea; his struggle was to drive out those who sat against him in the narrows and to pass into Greece inside Thermopylae.

Chapter 10.21

Section 1

So Brennus advanced from Heraclea. From deserters he had learned those gathered at the Gates from each city; therefore he despised the Greek force and began battle the next day at sunrise. He had neither a Greek seer nor used local rites, if indeed there is any Celtic divination. At that point the Greeks advanced in silence and in order. When they came to hand-to-hand fighting, the infantry did not run out so far from their line as to throw their own phalanx into confusion, and the light-armed troops, remaining in place, sent their javelins and whatever came from bows or slings.

Section 2

The cavalry became useless for both sides, since the place after the Gates was not only narrow, but also smooth with natural rock, and, because of the constant streams, mostly slippery. The Galatians' equipment was weaker, for they had their native shields, and there was no other armor for the protection of the body. Still more than this, they fell short in experience in matters of war.

Section 3

They moved against their opponents in anger and rage, with no calculation, like wild beasts. Even when they were being cut apart by axes or swords, madness did not leave those who were still breathing; nor did those who had been pierced by missiles and javelins let go of their fury as long as life remained. Some pulled from their wounds the spears with which they had been struck, hurled them back at the Greeks, and used them hand to hand.

Section 4

Meanwhile the Athenians on the triremes, with difficulty and not without danger, nevertheless sailed along through the mud that stretched farthest over the sea, brought their ships as close as possible to the barbarians, and used every kind of missile and arrow against their flanks. Since the Celts were wearied beyond telling, and in the narrow place were doing little while suffering twice and four times as much, their leaders signaled for them to withdraw to the camp. But as they turned back without order and with no formation, many were trampled by one another, and many fell into the marsh and disappeared in the mud. Their loss in retreat was no less than what happened to them in the height of the battle.

Section 5

Among the Greeks, the Attic force surpassed the rest in courage on that day; and among the Athenians Cydias was especially brave. He was young in age and had then come into the contest of war for the first time. When he died at the hands of the Galatians, his relatives dedicated his shield to Zeus Eleutherios, and the inscription was this: 'Longing still for the young youth of Cydias, the shield of a famous man, a gift to Zeus, through which he first stretched out his left arm when furious Ares flourished against the Galatian.'

Section 6

This was inscribed before those with Sulla took down, among other things at Athens, the shields in the stoa of Zeus Eleutherios. At Thermopylae then, after the battle, the Greeks buried their own dead and stripped the barbarians. The Galatians did not send heralds for the taking up of their dead, and they made it equal whether they obtained earth or whether wild beasts and whatever birds are hostile to the dead fed upon them.

Section 7

In my judgment, two things persuaded them to treat burials for the dead with indifference: they wished to strike fear into hostile men, and it was not their custom to feel pity for the dead. In the battle, forty of the Greek force died. The number of the barbarians could not be discovered exactly, for many of them had disappeared in the mud.

Chapter 10.22

Section 1

On the seventh day after the battle, a detachment of Galatians attempted to go up Oeta by way of Heraclea. A narrow path runs up there by the ruins of Trachis; at that time there was also a sanctuary of Athena above the Trachinian city, with dedications in it. They hoped to climb Oeta by the path and at the same time, as a side matter, gain the things from the sanctuary. The Greek text is damaged here, but Telesarchus appears as the man responsible for the guard. They defeated the barbarians in battle, but Telesarchus himself fell, a man as eager as any for the cause of the Greeks.

Section 2

The other leaders of the barbarians were struck with fear of the Greek force, and at the same time were at a loss about what was to come, seeing that the business in their hands was making no advance. Brennus, however, had a calculation: if he could force the Aetolians to withdraw home into Aetolia, the war against the Greeks would become easier for him. So he selected from the army forty thousand foot soldiers and about eight hundred horsemen, and set Orestorius and Combutis over them as commanders. They went back by the bridges over the Spercheios.

Section 3

Marching again through Thessaly, they invaded Aetolia. What Combutis and Orestorius did to Callium was the most unholy thing of which we know by report, and nothing like the bold crimes of human beings. They cut down the entire male race; old men and infants alike were killed at their mothers' breasts. The Galatians killed the plumper infants, drank their blood, and touched their flesh.

Section 4

As for the women and the maidens in their season, those who had any courage killed themselves before the city was taken. The survivors were driven by strong compulsion into every form of outrage, since their assailants were equally without pity in their natures and without love. Women who found the Galatians' swords used their own hands to let their souls go; for the rest, not long afterward, hunger and sleeplessness were going to bring what was appointed, while shelterless barbarians violated them in turn. Some of the barbarians even joined themselves to women who were letting their souls go, and even to those already dead.

Section 5

The Aetolians had learned from messengers what disasters had overtaken them. At once, as quickly as they could, they raised their force from Thermopylae and hurried into Aetolia, angry over the sufferings of the Callians and still more eager to save the cities that had not yet been taken. From every city at home those of military age marched out, and, because of necessity and spirit, the old men were mixed among them. The women also marched with them willingly, using a fiercer anger against the Galatians than even the men.

Section 6

When the barbarians had plundered the houses and sanctuaries, set fire to Callium, and were returning by the same road, the men of Patrae, alone of the Achaeans helping the Aetolians, came against the barbarians face to face, since they had been trained to fight as hoplites; and they suffered most because of the number of the Galatians and the desperation of their actions. The Aetolians and the Aetolian women, posted along the whole road, hurled javelins at the barbarians. Since the Galatians had nothing but their native shields, the Aetolians missed few of them. They easily escaped when pursued, and when the pursuers turned back, they pressed upon them again with zeal.

Section 7

Though the Callians had suffered horrors so great that even what Homer made about the Laestrygonians and Cyclops did not seem outside the truth, still vengeance for them came according to what was deserved. For out of forty thousand eight hundred, fewer than half of the barbarians made their way back to the camp at Thermopylae.

Section 8

At the same time, among the Greeks at Thermopylae, other things like this were happening. There is a path through Mount Oeta: one route above Trachis is for the most part steep and terribly upright, while the other, through the land of the Aenianes, is easier for an army to travel. By that path Hydarnes the Mede once attacked from behind the Greeks around Leonidas.

Section 9

The Heracleans and the Aenianes promised to lead Brennus by this road. They did not do this from ill will toward the Greek cause, but because they greatly desired the Celts to leave their land and not sit there destroying it. Pindar seems to me to have spoken truth in this too, when he said that everyone is pressed by his own troubles but remains unharmed by the griefs of others.

Section 10

The promise of the Aenianes and Heracleans encouraged Brennus. He left Acichorius in charge of the army, having told him that when Brennus' own men had surrounded the Greek force, then it would be time for Acichorius' men also to attack. Brennus himself selected forty thousand from the army and made his way through the path.

Section 11

It happened somehow on that day that a heavy mist poured down over the mountain and the sun was dimmed by it. The barbarians who were advancing did not become visible to the Phocians guarding the path until they had come close. There the barbarians began battle, and the Phocians defended themselves strongly. At last they were forced back and withdrew from the path; yet they ran down to the allies and reported what was happening before the encirclement of the Greek force had become exact and complete from every side.

Section 12

Then the Athenians on the triremes managed to draw the Greek force out of Thermopylae in time. Each group scattered to its own homeland. Brennus, holding back no longer and not waiting for those from the camp with Acichorius to arrive, made his way toward Delphi. The Delphians fled in fear to the oracle, and the god would not allow them to be afraid, but promised that he himself would guard his own possessions.

Section 13

The Greeks who came to aid the god were these: Phocians from all the cities, four hundred hoplites from Amphissa, and from the Aetolians a few men at once when they learned that the barbarians were moving forward, while later Philomelus brought twelve hundred. The main force of the Aetolians turned at the height of their strength against the army with Acichorius. They did not begin a battle, but as the enemy marched they kept falling upon the rearmost men, seizing the baggage-carriers' goods and killing the men themselves. For this reason especially the march became slow for the Galatians. Acichorius also left a detachment around Heraclea to guard the supplies in the camp.

Chapter 10.23

Section 1

Against Brennus and his army, the Greeks gathered at Delphi set themselves in order; and the signs from the god came against the barbarians swiftly and in the most manifest way we know. All the earth that the Galatian army occupied shook violently for most of the day, and there were continuous thunders and lightning bolts.

Section 2

These terrified the Celts and prevented them from hearing the orders being given. The things from heaven did not merely strike one man; they also set aflame those nearby, the men themselves and their weapons alike. Then apparitions of heroes appeared to them: Hyperochus, Laodocus, and Pyrrhus. Some also number a fourth, Phylacus, a local hero at Delphi.

Section 3

Many of the Phocians also died in the action, and among them Aleximachus. In this battle he used the prime of his age, the strength of his body, and the firmness of his spirit more than any other Greek for the killing of the barbarians. The Phocians made an image of Aleximachus and sent it to Apollo at Delphi.

Section 4

By such sufferings and astonishment the barbarians were held throughout the whole day. What would seize them in the night was going to be much more painful. There was strong cold, and snow came with the cold. Great stones slipped down from Parnassus, and cliffs breaking loose took the barbarians as their mark. Destruction did not come upon them one or two at a time, but in groups of thirty and even more, as they happened to be keeping guard or resting together in the same place, all at once under the fall of the cliffs.

Section 5

At sunrise the Greeks came against them from Delphi. The others went straight against the army; the Phocians, having greater experience of the places, came down through the snow by the steep parts of Parnassus and escaped notice as they came behind the Celts. They threw javelins and shot arrows at them with no fear at all of the barbarians.

Section 6

When the battle began, those around Brennus, who were the tallest and strongest of the Galatians, still held out then because of their eagerness, though they were being struck from every side and suffered no less from the cold, especially the wounded. But when Brennus too received wounds, his men carried him out of the battle fainting. The barbarians, with Greeks pressing them from every side, fled against their will, and they killed those of their own people who could not follow because of wounds and weakness.

Section 7

They camped wherever night overtook them in retreat. In the night a panic fell upon them, for fears that arise from no clear cause are said to come from Pan. The confusion fell into the army in the deep evening, and at first only a few were driven out of their minds. These imagined that they heard the sound of charging horses and an attack of enemies. But not long afterward the ignorance ran through them all.

Section 8

So they took up their arms, stood apart, and killed one another, and were killed in turn. They did not understand their native language, nor recognize one another's forms, nor see the shapes of the shields. To both ranks alike, because of the ignorance of the moment, the men standing against them seemed to be Greeks; they themselves and their weapons seemed Greek, and the voice they uttered seemed Greek. The madness from the god brought about the greatest slaughter of the Galatians by one another.

Section 9

Those Phocians who had been left in the fields to guard the livestock were the first to perceive and report to the Greeks what had overtaken the barbarians in the night. Taking courage again, the Phocians pressed the Celts still more eagerly. They guarded their farmsteads more closely and did not allow the Galatians to take the necessities of life from the country without battle. At once there was severe lack of grain and every other kind of food throughout the whole Galatian army.

Section 10

The number of them destroyed in Phocis was this: a little fewer than six thousand in the battles; those who perished in the winter night, and later those in the panic terror, were more than ten thousand; and as many again died from hunger.

Section 11

Men of the Athenians came to Delphi to investigate. Returning then, they reported both everything else that had happened to the barbarians and the things that had come upon them from the god. The Athenians themselves marched out, and as they were passing through Boeotia the Boeotians joined them. So both forces followed the barbarians, laid ambushes, and killed the men who were always at the rear.

Section 12

Those fleeing with Brennus were joined during the previous night by the men around Acichorius. The Aetolians had made the march slow for them by using javelins against them without restraint, and whatever else came to hand, so that only a small portion of them escaped to the camp near Heraclea. For Brennus there was still hope of safety from his wounds; but they say that, from fear of his countrymen and still more from shame, since he was the cause of the sufferings in Greece, he willingly let his soul go by drinking unmixed wine.

Section 13

After this the barbarians were brought with difficulty as far as the Spercheios, since the Aetolians were violently pressing upon them. When they reached the Spercheios, the Thessalians and Malians who had been lying in wait there gorged themselves upon them so completely that no one returned home safely.

Section 14

The Celtic expedition against Greece and its destruction took place when Anaxicrates was archon at Athens, in the second year of the one hundred twenty-fifth Olympiad, when Ladas of Aegium won the stadion. In the following year, when Democles was archon at Athens, the Celts crossed again into Asia.

Colophon

This page translates Pausanias, Description of Greece 10.19.5-10.23.14 from Greek for the Celtic continental expansion of the Good Work Library. It is the complete Galatian narrative unit inside Pausanias' Delphic account. Pausanias writes as a Greek author in a sacred Delphic frame; the translation preserves his hostile rhetoric and miracle claims as source evidence rather than neutral ethnography.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Pausanias, Description of Greece 10.19.5-10.23.14

Greek source text from Perseus Digital Library's text of Pausanias, Description of Greece, Book 10. This page gives the complete Galatian narrative unit from Pausanias' Delphic account, presented for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

10.19.5

Γαλατῶν δὲ τῆς ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιστρατείας ἔχει μέν τινα μνήμην καὶ ἡ ἐς τὸ βουλευτήριον ἡμῖν τὸ Ἀττικὸν συγγραφή: προάγειν δὲ ἐς τὸ σαφέστερον τὰ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἠθέλησα ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Δελφούς, ὅτι ἔργων τῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους τὰ μέγιστα Ἕλλησιν ἐνταῦθα ἦν. ὑπερόριον μὲν οἱ Κελτοὶ στρατείαν πρώτην ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι ἐποιήσαντο Καμβαύλῃ: προελθόντες δὲ ἄχρι τῆς Θρᾴκης τὸ πρόσω τῆς πορείας οὐκ ἀπεθάρσησαν, καταγνόντες αὑτῶν ὅτι ὀλίγοι τε ἦσαν καὶ οὐκ ἀξιόμαχοι κατ᾽ ἀριθμὸν Ἕλλησιν.

10.19.6

ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ δεύτερον ἐπιφέρειν ἐδόκει ὅπλα ἐπὶ τὴν ἄλλων— ἐνῆγον δὲ μάλιστα οἱ ὁμοῦ Καμβαύλῃ ἐκστρατεύσαντες ἅτε λῃστειῶν τε ἤδη γεγευμένοι καὶ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ κερδῶν ἐς ἔρωτα ἥκοντες—, πολὺς μὲν δὴ πεζός, οὐκ ἐλάχιστοι δὲ ἠθροίσθησαν καὶ ἐς τὸ ἱππικόν: ἐς μοίρας οὖν τρεῖς ἔνεμον οἱ ἡγεμόνες τὸν στρατόν, καὶ ἄλλος ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ ἄλλην ἐτέτακτο ἰέναι χώραν.

10.19.7

ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν Θρᾷκας καὶ τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Τριβαλλῶν ἔμελλε Κερέθριος ἡγήσεσθαι: τοῖς δὲ ἐς Παιονίαν ἰοῦσι Βρέννος ἦσαν καὶ Ἀκιχώριος ἄρχοντες: Βόλγιος δὲ ἐπὶ Μακεδόνας τε καὶ Ἰλλυριοὺς ἤλασε, καὶ ἐς ἀγῶνα πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον κατέστη τότε ἔχοντα τὴν Μακεδόνων βασιλείαν. Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ἦν οὗτος ὃς Σέλευκόν τε ἐδολοφόνησε τὸν Ἀντιόχου, καταπεφευγὼς ὅμως ἱκέτης ὡς αὐτόν, καὶ εἶχεν ἐπίκλησιν Κεραυνὸς διὰ τὸ ἄγαν τολμηρόν. καὶ ὁ μὲν αὐτός τε ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τῶν Μακεδόνων ἐγένετο οὐκ ἐλαχίστη φθορά: προελθεῖν δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα οὐδὲ τότε ἐθάρσησαν οἱ Κελτοί, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος οὕτω στόλος ἐπανῆλθεν ἐς τὴν οἰκείαν.

10.19.8

ἔνθα δὴ ὁ Βρέννος πολὺς μὲν ἐν συλλόγοις τοῖς κοινοῖς, πολὺς δὲ καθ᾽ ἕκαστον ἦν τῶν ἐν τέλει Γαλατῶν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπαίρων στρατεύεσθαι, ἀσθένειάν τε Ἑλλήνων τὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι διηγούμενος καὶ ὡς χρήματα πολλὰ μὲν ἐν τῷ κοινῷ, πλείονα δὲ ἐν ἱεροῖς τά τε ἀναθήματα καὶ ἄργυρος καὶ χρυσός ἐστιν ἐπίσημος: ἀνέπεισέ τε δὴ τοὺς Γαλάτας ἐλαύνειν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, καὶ αὑτῷ συνάρχοντας ἄλλους τε προσείλετο τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ τὸν Ἀκιχώριον.

10.19.9

ὁ δὲ ἀθροισθεὶς στρατὸς πεζοὶ μὲν μυριάδες ἐγένοντο πεντεκαίδεκα προσόντων σφίσι δισχιλίων, οἱ δὲ ἱππεύοντες τετρακόσιοι καὶ δισμύριοι. τοσοῦτοι μὲν ἦσαν τῶν ἱππέων τὸ ἀεὶ ἐνεργόν, ἀριθμὸς δὲ αὐτῶν ὁ ἀληθὴς διακόσιοί τε καὶ χίλιοι καὶ ἓξ μυριάδες: δύο γὰρ οἰκέται περὶ ἕκαστον τῶν ἱππευόντων ἦσαν, ἀγαθοὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰ ἱππικὰ καὶ ἵππους ὁμοίως ἔχοντες.

10.19.10

Γαλατῶν δὲ τοῖς ἱππεύουσιν ἀγῶνος συνεστηκότος ὑπομένοντες τῆς τάξεως ὄπισθεν οἱ οἰκέται τοσάδε σφίσιν ἐγίνοντο χρήσιμοι: τῷ γὰρ ἱππεῖ συμβὰν ἢ τῷ ἵππῳ πεσεῖν, τὸν μὲν ἵππον παρεῖχεν ἀναβῆναι τῷ ἀνδρί, τελευτήσαντος δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ὁ δοῦλος ἀντὶ τοῦ δεσπότου τὸν ἵππον ἀνέβαινεν: εἰ δὲ ἀμφοτέρους ἐπιλάβοι τὸ χρεών, ἐνταῦθα ἕτοιμος ἦν ἱππεύς. λαμβανόντων δὲ τραύματα αὐτῶν, ὁ μὲν ὑπεξῆγε τῶν δούλων ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸν τραυματίαν, ὁ δὲ καθίστατο ἐς τὴν τάξιν ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπελθόντος.

10.19.11

ταῦτα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐνομίσθη τοῖς Γαλάταις ἐς μίμησιν τοῦ ἐν Πέρσαις ἀριθμοῦ τῶν μυρίων, οἳ ἐκαλοῦντο Ἀθάνατοι. διάφορα δὲ ἦν, ὅτι κατελέγοντο ἀντὶ τῶν ἀποθνησκόντων ὑπὸ μὲν Περσῶν τῆς μάχης ὕστερον, Γαλάταις δὲ ὑπ᾽ αὐτὴν τοῦ ἔργου τὴν ἀκμὴν ὁ ἀριθμὸς ἀπεπληροῦτο τῶν ἱππέων. τοῦτο ὠνόμαζον τὸ σύνταγμα τριμαρκισίαν τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ φωνῇ: καὶ ἵππῳ τὸ ὄνομα ἴστω τις μάρκαν ὂν τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν Κελτῶν.

10.19.12

παρασκευῇ μὲν τοσαύτῃ καὶ μετὰ διανοίας τοιαύτης ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὁ Βρέννος ἤλαυνε: τοῖς δέ γε Ἕλλησι κατεπεπτώκει μὲν ἐς ἅπαν τὰ φρονήματα, τὸ δὲ ἰσχυρὸν τοῦ δείματος προῆγεν ἐς ἀνάγκην τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἀμύνειν. ἑώρων δὲ τὸν ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγῶνα οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἐλευθερίας γενησόμενον, καθὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ Μήδου ποτέ, οὐδὲ δοῦσιν ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν τὰ ἀπὸ τούτου σφίσιν ἄδειαν φέροντα: ἀλλὰ τά τε ἐς Μακεδόνας καὶ Θρᾷκας καὶ Παίονας τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας καταδρομῆς τῶν Γαλατῶν ἔτι σφίσιν ἔκειτο ἐν μνήμῃ, καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ παρόντι τὰ ἐς Θεσσαλοὺς παρανομήματα ἀπηγγέλλετο. ὡς οὖν ἀπολωλέναι δέον ἢ δ᾽ οὖν ἐπικρατεστέρους εἶναι, κατ᾽ ἄνδρα τε ἰδίᾳ καὶ αἱ πόλεις διέκειντο ἐν κοινῷ.

10.20.1

πάρεστι δέ, ὅστις ἐθέλοι καὶ ἀνταριθμῆσαι τούς τε ἐπὶ βασιλέα Ξέρξην ἐς Πύλας καὶ τοὺς τότε ἐναντία Γαλατῶν ἀθροισθέντας. ἐπὶ μέν γε τὸν Μῆδον ἀφίκοντο τοσοίδε Ἑλλήνων: Λακεδαιμόνιοι οἱ μετὰ Λεωνίδου τριακοσίων οὐ πλείονες, Τεγεᾶται πεντακόσιοι καὶ ἐκ Μαντινείας ἴσοι, παρὰ δὲ Ὀρχομενίων Ἀρκάδων εἴκοσί τε καὶ ἑκατόν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων χίλιοι τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ πόλεων, ὀγδοήκοντα δὲ ἐκ Μυκηνῶν καὶ ἐκ Φλιοῦντος διακόσιοι, διπλάσιοι δὲ τούτων Κορίνθιοι: παρεγένοντο δὲ καὶ Βοιωτῶν ἑπτακόσιοι ἐκ δὲ Θεσπείας καὶ ἐκ Θηβῶν τετρακόσιοι. χίλιοι δὲ Φωκέων ἐφύλασσον μὲν τὴν ἀτραπὸν ἐν τῇ Οἴτῃ, προσέστω δὲ τῷ παντὶ Ἑλληνικῷ καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς ὁ τούτων.

10.20.2

Λοκροὺς δὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ τῷ ὄρει τῇ Κνήμιδι Ἡρόδοτος μὲν οὐχ ὑπήγαγεν ἐς ἀριθμόν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀφικέσθαι σφᾶς ἀπὸ πασῶν ἔφη τῶν πόλεων: τεκμήρασθαι δὲ ἀριθμὸν καὶ τούτων ἔστιν ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ἀληθοῦς: ἐς Μαραθῶνα γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι σὺν ἡλικίᾳ τε τῇ ἀχρείῳ καὶ δούλοις ἐνακισχιλίων ἀφίκοντο οὐ πλείους, τὸ οὖν μάχιμον Λοκρῶν τὸ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἐλθὸν οὐκ ἂν ὑπέρ γε ἑξακισχιλίους ἀριθμοίη τις. οὕτω γένοιτο ἂν ὁ σύμπας στρατὸς διακόσιοι καὶ χίλιοι καὶ μύριοι. φαίνονται δὲ οὐδὲ οὗτοι τὸν χρόνον πάντα ἐπὶ τῇ φρουρᾷ τῶν Πυλῶν καταμείναντες: πλὴν γὰρ Λακεδαιμονίων τε αὐτῶν καὶ Θεσπιέων καὶ Μυκηναίων προαπέλιπον τὸ πέρας τῆς μάχης οἱ λοιποί.

10.20.3

ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ βαρβάρους τοσοίδε ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἀφίκοντο Ἕλληνες: ὁπλῖται μύριοι καὶ ἵππος πεντακοσία παρὰ Βοιωτῶν: ἐβοιωτάρχουν δὲ Κηφισόδοτος καὶ Θεαρίδας καὶ Διογένης καὶ Λύσανδρος. ἐκ δὲ Φωκέων ἱππεῖς πεντακόσιοι καὶ ἐς τρισχιλίους ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν πεζῶν: στρατηγοὶ δὲ Φωκέων Κριτόβουλός τε ἦν καὶ Ἀντίοχος.

10.20.4

Λοκροὺς δὲ τοὺς ἐπὶ Ἀταλάντῃ τῇ νήσῳ Μειδίας ἦγεν: ἀριθμὸς δὲ αὐτῶν ἑπτακόσιοι, καὶ ἱππικόν σφισιν οὐ προσῆν. παρὰ δὲ Μεγαρέων ἀφίκοντο ὁπλῖται τετρακόσιοι: τούτων ἦγε τὸ †ἱππικὸν Μεγαρεύς. Αἰτωλῶν δὲ πλείστη τε ἐγένετο στρατιὰ καὶ ἐς πᾶσαν μάχης ἰδέαν, ἡ μὲν ἵππος οὐ λέγουσιν ὁπόση, ψιλοὶ δὲ ἐνενήκοντα καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι, πλέονες δὲ ἑπτακισχιλίων ἀριθμὸν ἦσαν οἱ ὁπλιτεύοντες: Αἰτωλοὺς δὲ ἦγον Πολύαρχος καὶ Πολύφρων τε καὶ Λακράτης.

10.20.5

Ἀθηναίων δὲ στρατηγὸς μὲν Κάλλιππος ἦν ὁ Μοιροκλέους, καθὰ ἐδήλωσα καὶ ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου, δύναμις δὲ τριήρεις τε αἱ πλώιμοι πᾶσαι, πεντακόσιοι δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱππικόν, χίλιοι δὲ ἐτάσσοντο ἐν τοῖς πεζοῖς: καὶ ἡγεμονίαν οὗτοι κατ᾽ ἀξίωμα εἶχον τὸ ἀρχαῖον. βασιλέων δὲ ξενικὰ πεντακόσιοί τε ἐκ Μακεδονίας καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἴσοι σφίσιν ἀφίκοντο ἀριθμόν: ἄρχοντες δὲ τῶν μὲν παρ᾽ Ἀντιγόνου πεμφθέντων Ἀριστόδημος ἦν Μακεδών, τῶν δὲ παρὰ Ἀντιόχου τε καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας Τελέσαρχος τῶν ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ Σύρων.

10.20.6

τοῖς δὲ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἀθροισθεῖσιν Ἑλλήνων, ὡς ἐπύθοντο περί τε Μαγνησίαν καὶ γῆν τὴν Φθιῶτιν ὄντα ἤδη τῶν Γαλατῶν τὸν στρατόν, ἔδοξεν ἤδη ψιλούς τε ἐς χιλίους καὶ ἐς τὴν ἵππον ἀπολέξαντας ἀποστεῖλαι σφᾶς ἐπὶ τὸν Σπερχειόν, ἵνα μηδὲ τὸν ποταμὸν διαβῆναι τοῖς βαρβάροις ἄνευ ἀγῶνός τε καὶ κινδύνων ἐγγένηται. οἱ δὲ ἐλθόντες τὰς γεφύρας τε καταλύουσι καὶ αὐτοὶ παρὰ τὴν ὄχθην ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο. ἦν δὲ οὐδὲ ὁ Βρέννος οὔτε πάντα ἀσύνετος οὔτε ἀπείρως εἶχεν ὡς ἄν τις βάρβαρος σοφίσματα ἐς πολεμίους ἐξευρεῖν.

10.20.7

εὐθὺς οὖν τῇ ἐπιούσῃ νυκτί, οὐ καθότι ἦν τὰ ἀρχαῖα τῷ ποταμῷ ζεύγματα ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸ κάτω, ὡς μή τις τοῖς Ἕλλησι διαβαινόντων γένοιτο αἴσθησις, καὶ ᾗ μάλιστα ὁ Σπερχειὸς διεχεῖτο ἐς πλέον τοῦ πεδίου καὶ ἕλος τε ἐποίει καὶ λίμνην ἀντὶ βιαίου καὶ στενοῦ ῥεύματος, κατὰ τοῦτο ὁ Βρέννος ὅσον μυρίους τῶν Γαλατῶν ἀπέστειλεν, ὁπόσοι τε νεῖν ἠπίσταντο ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ὅστις τῷ μήκει τοῦ σώματος ἐτύγχανεν ὢν ὑπὲρ τοὺς πολλούς: εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλως οἱ Κελτοὶ μακρῷ πάντας ὑπερηρκότες μήκει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.

10.20.8

οὗτοι οὖν διαβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ διανηχόμενοι ὧδε τὸ λιμνῶδες τοῦ ποταμοῦ: καὶ τὰ ὅπλα, τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους θυρεούς, ἐποιεῖτο ἕκαστος ἀντὶ σχεδίας, οἱ δὲ αὐτῶν μήκιστοι διελθεῖν ἐμβαδὸν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐδυνήθησαν. οἱ δὲ Ἕλληνες οἱ ἐπὶ τῷ Σπερχειῷ —πυνθάνονται γὰρ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ ἕλος διέβη μοῖρα τῶν βαρβάρων—αὐτίκα ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἀναχωροῦσι, Βρέννος δὲ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Μαλιακὸν κόλπον οἰκοῦσι ζευγνύναι τὸν Σπερχειὸν ἐπέτασσεν: οἱ δὲ ἤνυον τὸ ἔργον σπουδῇ, τῷ τε ἐκείνου δέει καὶ ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ τῆς χώρας σφίσιν ἐπιθυμοῦντες τοὺς βαρβάρους μηδὲ ἐπὶ πλέον κακουργεῖν μένοντας.

10.20.9

ὁ δὲ ὡς κατὰ τὰς γεφύρας διεβίβασε τὴν στρατιάν, ἐχώρει πρὸς τὴν Ἡράκλειαν: καὶ διήρπασαν μὲν τὰ ἐκ τῆς χώρας οἱ Γαλάται καὶ ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐφόνευσαν, τὴν πόλιν δὲ οὐχ εἷλον. ἔτει γὰρ πρότερον τούτων οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ συντελεῖν τοὺς Ἡρακλεώτας ἠνάγκασαν ἐς τὸ Αἰτωλικόν: τότε οὖν ἠμύνοντο ὡς περὶ πόλεως οὐδέν τι Ἡρακλεώταις μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ αὑτοῖς προσηκούσης. ἦν δὲ καὶ τῷ Βρέννῳ τὰ μὲν Ἡρακλεωτῶν ἐλάσσονος φροντίδος, ἀγώνισμα δὲ ἐποιεῖτο ἐξελάσαι τε ἐκ τῶν στενῶν τοὺς ἀντικαθημένους καὶ παρελθεῖν ἐς τὴν ἐντὸς Θερμοπυλῶν Ἑλλάδα.

10.21.1

προελθὼν οὖν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἡρακλείας—ἐπυνθάνετο γὰρ παρὰ αὐτομόλων τοὺς συνειλεγμένους ἐς Πύλας ἀπὸ ἑκάστης πόλεως— ὑπερεφρόνει τε τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ καὶ ἦρχεν ἐς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν μάχης ἅμα ἀνίσχοντι τῷ ἡλίῳ, οὔτε Ἕλληνα ἔχων μάντιν οὔτε ἱεροῖς ἐπιχωρίοις χρώμενος, εἰ δὴ ἔστι γε μαντεία Κελτική. ἐνταῦθα οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐν σιγῇ τε ἐπῄεσαν καὶ ἐν κόσμῳ: καὶ ὡς ἀφίκοντο ἐς χεῖρας, οὔτε σφίσιν οἱ πεζοὶ τοσοῦτο ἀπὸ τῆς τάξεως ἐξέθεον ὥστε τὴν φάλαγγα ἐπιταράσσειν τὴν οἰκείαν καὶ οἱ ψιλοὶ μένοντες κατὰ χώραν τά τε ἀκόντια ἔπεμπον καὶ ὅσα ἀπὸ τῶν τόξων ἢ σφενδονῶν.

10.21.2

τὰ δὲ ἱππικὰ ἀμφοτέροις ἀχρεῖα ἐγένετο ἅτε οὐ στενοῦ μόνον χωρίου τοῦ μετὰ τὰς Πύλας ὄντος ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτοφυοῦς πέτρας λείου καὶ διὰ τῶν ῥευμάτων τὸ συνεχὲς τὰ πλείονα καὶ ὀλισθηροῦ. τοῖς δὲ Γαλάταις τὰ μὲν τῆς σκευῆς ἀσθενέστερα ἦν—θυρεοὺς γὰρ τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους εἶχον, καὶ ἄλλο σφίσιν οὐκ ἦν ὅπλον σκέπη σώματος—, πλέον δὲ ἔτι ἐμπειρίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὰ πολεμικὰ ἀπέδεον.

10.21.3

οἱ δὲ ἐν ὀργῇ τε ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐναντίους καὶ θυμῷ μετὰ οὐδενὸς λογισμοῦ καθάπερ τὰ θηρία ἐχώρουν: καὶ οὔτε πελέκεσι διαιρουμένους ἢ ὑπὸ μαχαιρῶν ἡ ἀπόνοια τοὺς ἔτι ἐμπνέοντας ἔτι ἀπέλειπεν, οὔτε ὅσοι βέλεσι καὶ ἀκοντίοις διεπείροντο, ὑφῄρουν τοῦ θυμοῦ, μέχρι οὗ παρέμενεν ἡ ψυχή: οἱ δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν τραυμάτων τὰ δόρατα οἷς ἐβέβληντο ἀνασπῶντες ἠφίεσάν τε ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ ἐχρῶντο ἐκ χειρός.

10.21.4

ἐν τούτῳ δὲ οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν τριήρων Ἀθηναῖοι μόγις μὲν καὶ οὐκ ἄνευ κινδύνου, παραπλεύσαντες δὲ ὅμως διὰ τῆς ἰλύος, ἣ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐπέχει τῆς θαλάσσης, καὶ τὰς ναῦς ὅτι ἐγγύτατα τῶν βαρβάρων σχόντες, βέλεσί τε παντοίοις ἐς τὰ πλάγια καὶ τοξεύμασιν ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐχρῶντο. καμνόντων δὲ λόγου μειζόνως τῶν Κελτῶν καὶ ἅτε ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ μικρὰ μὲν δρώντων, διπλάσια δὲ καὶ τετραπλάσια πασχόντων, ἀναχωρεῖν ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐσήμαινόν σφισιν οἱ ἡγεμόνες. οἱ δὲ ἀτάκτως καὶ σὺν οὐδενὶ ἀναστρέφοντες κόσμῳ πολλοὶ μὲν συνεπατήθησαν ὑπὸ ἀλλήλων, πολλοὶ δὲ ἐς τὸ τέλμα ἐμπεσόντες ἠφανίσθησαν κατὰ τοῦ πηλοῦ, καὶ ἀπώλεια οὐκ ἐλάσσων ἀναχωροῦσιν αὐτοῖς ἢ ἐν τοῦ ἀγῶνος συνέβη τῇ ἀκμῇ.

10.21.5

τοὺς μὲν δὴ Ἕλληνας τὸ Ἀττικὸν ὑπερεβάλετο ἀρετῇ τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην: αὐτῶν δὲ Ἀθηναίων Κυδίας μάλιστα ἐγένετο ἀγαθός, νέος τε ἡλικίαν καὶ τότε ἐς ἀγῶνα ἐλθὼν πολέμου πρῶτον. ἀποθανόντος δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Γαλατῶν τὴν ἀσπίδα οἱ προσήκοντες ἀνέθεσαν τῷ Ἐλευθερίῳ Διί, καὶ ἦν τὸ ἐπίγραμμα:“†ημαρλα δὴ ποθέουσα νέαν ἔτι Κυδίου ἥβηνἀσπὶς ἀριζήλου φωτός, ἄγαλμα Διί,ἇς διὰ δὴ πρώτας λαιὸν τότε πῆχυν ἔτεινεν,εὖτ᾽ ἐπὶ τὸν Γαλάταν ἤκμασε θοῦρος Ἄρης.”

10.21.6

τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐπεγέγραπτο πρὶν ἢ τοὺς ὁμοῦ Σύλλᾳ καὶ ἄλλα τῶν Ἀθήνῃσι καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ στοᾷ τοῦ Ἐλευθερίου Διὸς καθελεῖν ἀσπίδας: τότε δὲ ἐν ταῖς Θερμοπύλαις οἱ μὲν Ἕλληνες μετὰ τὴν μάχην τούς τε αὑτῶν ἔθαπτον καὶ ἐσκύλευον τοὺς βαρβάρους, οἱ Γαλάται δὲ οὔτε ὑπὲρ ἀναιρέσεως τῶν νεκρῶν ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο ἐποιοῦντό τε ἐπ᾽ ἴσης γῆς σφᾶς τυχεῖν ἢ θηρία τε αὐτῶν ἐμφορηθῆναι καὶ ὅσον τεθνεῶσι πολέμιόν ἐστιν ὀρνίθων.

10.21.7

ὀλιγώρως δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐς τῶν ἀπογινομένων ἔχειν τὰς ταφὰς δύο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὰ ἀναπείθοντα ἦν, πολεμίους τε ἄνδρας ἐκπλῆξαι καὶ ὅτι ἔστι τεθνεώτων οὐ δι᾽ ἔθους οἶκτος αὐτοῖς. ἀπέθανον δὲ παρὰ τὴν μάχην τεσσαράκοντα μὲν τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ, τοὺς δὲ τῶν βαρβάρων οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν ἀκριβῶς ἐξευρεῖν: πολὺ γὰρ καὶ τὸ ἀφανισθὲν κατὰ τῆς ἰλύος ἐγένετο ἐξ αὐτῶν.

10.22.1

ἑβδόμῃ δὲ ὕστερον μετὰ τὴν μάχην λόχος τῶν Γαλατῶν ἀνελθεῖν ἐς τὴν Οἴτην ἐπεχείρησε κατὰ Ἡράκλειαν: ἀτραπὸς δὲ στενὴ καὶ ταύτῃ μετὰ ταῦτα τὰ ἐρείπια ἀνήκει τὰ Τραχῖνος: ἦν δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς τότε ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως Τραχινίδος καὶ ἀναθήματα ἐν αὐτῷ. ἔς τε οὖν τὴν Οἴτην ἀναβήσεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ἀτραπὸν ἤλπιζον καὶ ἅμα προσέσεσθαί σφισιν ἐν παρέργῳ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ *** τὴν φρουρὰν οἰομένου Τελεσάρχῳ. καὶ νικῶσι μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρους τῇ μάχῃ, αὐτὸς δὲ ἔπεσεν ὁ Τελέσαρχος, ἀνήρ εἴπερ τις καὶ ἄλλος πρόθυμος ἐς τὰ Ἑλλήνων.

10.22.2

οἱ μὲν δὴ ἡγεμόνες τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ ἄλλοι κατεπεπλήγεσαν τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ ἠπόρουν ἅμα ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων, ἐς οὐδέν σφισι πλέον προχωροῦντα ὁρῶντες τὰ ἐν χερσί: τῷ δὲ Βρέννῳ λογισμὸς παρίστατο ὡς εἰ ἀναγκάσει τοὺς Αἰτωλοὺς οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν ἀναχωρῆσαι, ῥᾴων ἤδη γενήσοιτο ὁ πόλεμος αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν. ἀπολέξας οὖν τῆς στρατιᾶς μυριάδας τοὺς πεζοὺς τέσσαρας καὶ ὅσον ὀκτακοσίους ἱππέας, Ὀρεστόριόν τε αὐτοῖς καὶ Κόμβουτιν ἐφίστησιν ἄρχοντας, οἳ ὀπίσω κατὰ τοῦ Σπερχειοῦ τὰς γεφύρας καὶ

10.22.3

αὖθις διὰ Θεσσαλίας ὁδεύσαντες ἐμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν: καὶ τὰ ἐς Καλλιέας Κόμβουτις οἱ ἐργασάμενοι καὶ Ὀρεστόριος ἦσαν, ἀνοσιώτατά τε ὧν ἀκοῇ ἐπιστάμεθα καὶ οὐδὲν τοῖς ἀνθρώπων τολμήμασιν ὅμοια. γένος μέν γε πᾶν ἐξέκοψαν τὸ ἄρσεν, καὶ ὁμοίως γέροντές τε καὶ τὰ νήπια ἐπὶ τῶν μητέρων τοῖς μαστοῖς ἐφονεύετο: τούτων δὲ καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ γάλακτος πιότερα ἀποκτείνοντες ἔπινόν τε οἱ Γαλάται τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἥπτοντο τῶν σαρκῶν.

10.22.4

γυναῖκες δὲ καὶ ὅσοι ἐν ὥρᾳ τῶν παρθένων, ὅσαι μὲν φρονήματός τι αὐτῶν εἶχον, ἑαυτὰς ἔφθησαν ὡς ἡλίσκετο ἡ πόλις διειργασμέναι: τὰς δὲ ἔτι περιούσας ἐς ἰδέαν ὕβρεως πᾶσαν μετὰ ἀνάγκης ἦγον ἰσχυρᾶς, ἅτε ἴσον μὲν ἐλέου, ἴσον δὲ τὰς φύσεις καὶ ἔρωτος ἀπέχοντες. καὶ ὅσαι μὲν τῶν γυναικῶν ταῖς μαχαίραις τῶν Γαλατῶν ἐπετύγχανον, αὐτοχειρίᾳ τὰς ψυχὰς ἠφίεσαν: ταῖς δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ὑπάρξειν τὸ χρεὼν ἔμελλεν ἥ τε ἀσιτία καὶ ἡ ἀυπνία, ἀστέγων βαρβάρων ἐκ διαδοχῆς ἀλλήλοις ὑβριζόντων: οἱ δὲ καὶ ἀφιείσαις τὰς ψυχάς, οἱ δὲ καὶ ἤδη νεκραῖς συνεγίνοντο ὅμως.

10.22.5

Αἰτωλοὶ δὲ πεπυσμένοι τε παρὰ ἀγγέλων ἦσαν ὁποῖαι σφᾶς κατειλήφεσαν συμφοραὶ καὶ αὐτίκα ὡς τάχους εἶχον ἀναστήσαντες ἀπὸ τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν τὴν δύναμιν ἠπείγοντο ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν, τά τε παθήματα τῶν Καλλιέων ἐν ὀργῇ ποιούμενοι καὶ πλέον ἔτι τὰς οὐχ ἑαλωκυίας πω διασώσασθαι πόλεις προθυμούμενοι. ἐξεστρατεύοντο δὲ καὶ οἴκοθεν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν οἱ ἐν ἡλικίᾳ, ἀναμεμιγμένοι δ᾽ ἦσαν ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης τε καὶ φρονήματος καὶ οἱ γεγηρακότες: συνεστρατεύοντο δέ σφισι καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἑκουσίως, πλέον ἐς τοὺς Γαλάτας καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῷ θυμῷ χρώμεναι.

10.22.6

ὡς δὲ οἱ βάρβαροι συλήσαντες τούς τε οἴκους καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ ἐνέντες πῦρ ἐς τὸ Κάλλιον ἐκομίζοντο τὴν αὐτήν, ἐνταῦθα Πατρεῖς μὲν ἐπικουροῦντες Αἰτωλοῖς Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι προσέκειντο ἐξ ἐναντίας τοῖς βαρβάροις ἅτε ὁπλιτεύειν δεδιδαγμένοι, καὶ ὑπὸ πλήθους τε τῶν Γαλατῶν καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ ἔργα ἀπονοίας μάλιστα ἐταλαιπώρησαν: οἱ δὲ Αἰτωλοὶ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αἱ Αἰτωλαὶ παρὰ πᾶσαν τεταγμένοι τὴν ὁδὸν ἐσηκόντιζόν τε ἐς τοὺς βαρβάρους, καὶ οὐδὲν ἄλλο ὅτι μὴ τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους ἐχόντων θυρεοὺς ὀλίγα αὐτῶν ἡμάρτανον, διώκοντάς τε ἀπέφευγον οὐ χαλεπῶς καὶ ἀναστρέφουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς διώξεως ἐπέκειντο αὖθις σπουδῇ.

10.22.7

Καλλιεῦσι δὲ καίπερ δεινὰ οὕτω παθοῦσιν ὡς μηδὲ τὰ ὑπὸ Ὁμήρου πεποιημένα ἔς τε Λαιστρυγόνας καὶ ἐς Κύκλωπα ἐκτὸς εἶναι δοκεῖν ἀληθείας, ὅμως κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ἐγίνετο ἡ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν δίκη: ἀπὸ γὰρ τεσσάρων μυριάδων προσόντων σφίσιν ὀκτακοσίων ἐλάσσονες ἡμίσεων ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον οἱ βάρβαροι τὸ πρὸς Θερμοπύλαις ἀπεσώθησαν.

10.22.8

περὶ δὲ τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ χρόνῳ τοὺς ἐν Θερμοπύλαις συνέβαινεν ἄλλα τοιαῦτα. ἀτραπός ἐστι διὰ τοῦ ὄρους τῆς Οἴτης, μία μὲν ἡ ὑπὲρ Τραχῖνος ἀπότομός τε τὰ πλείω καὶ ὄρθιος δεινῶς, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ διὰ τῆς Αἰνιάνων ὁδεῦσαι στρατῷ ῥᾴων, δι᾽ ἧς καὶ Ὑδάρνης ποτὲ Μῆδος κατὰ νώτου τοῖς περὶ Λεωνίδην ἐπέθετο Ἕλλησι.

10.22.9

κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ὁδὸν ἐπηγγέλλοντο ἄξειν Βρέννον οἱ Ἡρακλεῶται καὶ οἱ Αἰνιᾶνες, οὐ κακονοίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, τοὺς δὲ Κελτοὺς ἐκ τῆς χώρας σφίσιν ἀπελθεῖν μηδὲ ἐγκαθημένους φθείρειν περὶ πολλοῦ ποιούμενοι. καί μοι φαίνεται Πίνδαρος ἀληθῆ καὶ ἐν τῷδε εἰπεῖν, ὃς πάντα τινὰ ὑπὸ κακῶν οἰκείων ἔφη πιέζεσθαι, ἐπὶ δὲ ἀλλοτρίοις κήδεσιν ἀπήμαντον εἶναι.

10.22.10

τότε δὲ ἡ τῶν Αἰνιάνων καὶ ἡ τῶν Ἡρακλεωτῶν ὑπόσχεσις ἐπήγειρε τὸν Βρέννον: καὶ Ἀκιχώριον μὲν κατέλιπεν ἐπὶ τῇ στρατιᾷ, προειπών, ἐπειδὰν περιλάβωσιν αὐτοὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, τηνικαῦτα καὶ ἐκείνοις ἐφόδου καιρὸν εἶναι: ἀπολέξας δὲ αὐτὸς μυριάδας τοῦ στρατοῦ τέσσαρας ἐποιεῖτο τὴν ὁδὸν διὰ τῆς ἀτραποῦ.

10.22.11

καί πως ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνης συνέβαινε τῆς ἡμέρας τήν τε ὁμίχλην κατὰ τοῦ ὄρους καταχεῖσθαι πολλὴν καὶ ἀμαυρὸν ὑπ᾽ αὐτῆς εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον, ὥστε τῶν Φωκέων τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ ἀτραπῷ τὴν φρουρὰν οὐ πρότερον ἐπιόντες οἱ βάρβαροι παρέσχοντο αἴσθησιν πρὶν ἢ πλησίον ἐγεγόνεσαν. ἐνταῦθα δὲ οἱ μὲν μάχης ἦρχον, οἱ δὲ ἠμύνοντο ἐρρωμένως, τέλος δὲ ἐβιάσθησαν καὶ ἀναχωροῦσιν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀτραποῦ: καταδραμόντες μέντοι παρὰ τοὺς συμμάχους καὶ ἀπαγγείλαντες τὰ παρόντα ἔφθησαν πρὶν ἢ ἀκριβῆ καὶ πανταχόθεν τελέαν γενέσθαι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ τὴν κύκλωσιν.

10.22.12

ἔνθα δὴ οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν τριήρων Ἀθηναῖοι φθάνουσιν ὑπεξαγαγόντες ἐκ τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν τὸ Ἑλληνικόν: καὶ οἱ μὲν κατὰ τὰς πατρίδας ἕκαστοι τὰς αὑτῶν ἐσκεδάσθησαν, ὁ δὲ Βρέννος οὐδένα ἔτι ἐπισχὼν χρόνον, πρὶν ἢ τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τοῦ σὺν τῷ Ἀκιχωρίῳ παραγενέσθαι, τὴν ὁδὸν ἐποιεῖτο ἐπὶ τοὺς Δελφούς. οἱ δὲ καταφεύγουσιν ὑπὸ δείματος ἐπὶ τὸ χρηστήριον: καὶ ὁ θεὸς σφᾶς οὐκ εἴα φοβεῖσθαι, φυλάξειν δὲ αὐτὸς ἐπηγγέλλετο τὰ ἑαυτοῦ.

10.22.13

οἱ δὲ ἀφικόμενοι τιμωρεῖν τῷ θεῷ τοσοίδε ἐγένοντο Ἑλλήνων: Φωκεῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν, ἐκ δὲ Ἀμφίσσης ὁπλῖται τετρακόσιοι, παρὰ δὲ Αἰτωλῶν ὀλίγοι μέν τινες αὐτίκα, ὅτε ἐπύθοντο ἐς τὸ πρόσω χωροῦντας τοὺς βαρβάρους, διακοσίους δὲ καὶ χιλίους Φιλόμηλος ἤγαγεν ὕστερον. τὸ δὲ μάλιστα ἐν ἀκμῇ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἐτράπετο ἐπὶ τὴν μετὰ τοῦ Ἀκιχωρίου στρατιάν, καὶ μάχης μὲν οὐκ ἦρχον, ὁδευόντων δὲ ἐπέκειντο ἀεὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ἁρπάζοντές τε τὰ τῶν σκευαγωγούντων καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἄνδρας φονεύοντες: καὶ ἡ πορεία κατὰ ταύτην μάλιστα ἐγίνετό σφισι βραδεῖα τὴν αἰτίαν. κατέλιπε δὲ καὶ περὶ τὴν Ἡράκλειαν ὁ Ἀκιχώριος μοῖραν, οἳ ἔμελλον φρουρήσειν τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοπέδου χρήματα.

10.23.1

Βρέννῳ δὲ καὶ τῇ στρατιᾷ τῶν τε Ἑλλήνων οἱ ἐς Δελφοὺς ἀθροισθέντες ἀντετάξαντο, καὶ τοῖς βαρβάροις ἀντεσήμαινε τὰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ταχύ τε καὶ ὧν ἴσμεν φανερώτατα. ἥ τε γὰρ γῆ πᾶσα, ὅσην ἐπεῖχεν ἡ τῶν Γαλατῶν στρατιά, βιαίως καὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐσείετο τῆς ἡμέρας, βρονταί τε καὶ κεραυνοὶ συνεχεῖς ἐγίνοντο:

10.23.2

καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐξέπληττόν τε τοὺς Κελτοὺς καὶ δέχεσθαι τοῖς ὠσὶ τὰ παραγγελλόμενα ἐκώλυον, τὰ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ οὐκ ἐς ὅντινα κατασκήψαι μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς πλησίον καὶ αὐτοὺς ὁμοίως καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἐξῆπτε. τά τε τῶν ἡρώων τηνικαῦτά σφισιν ἐφάνη φάσματα, ὁ Ὑπέροχος καὶ ὁ Λαόδοκός τε καὶ Πύρρος: οἱ δὲ καὶ τέταρτον Φύλακον ἐπιχώριον Δελφοῖς ἀπαριθμοῦσιν ἥρωα.

10.23.3

ἀπέθανον δὲ καὶ αὐτῶν παρὰ τὸ ἔργον τῶν Φωκέων ἄλλοι τε ἀριθμὸν πολλοὶ καὶ Ἀλεξίμαχος, ὃς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ ταύτῃ μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων ἡλικίας τε τῷ ἀκμάζοντι καὶ ἰσχύι σώματος καὶ τῷ ἐρρωμένῳ τοῦ θυμοῦ κατεχρήσατο ἐς τῶν βαρβάρων τὸν φόνον: Φωκεῖς δὲ εἰκόνα τοῦ Ἀλεξιμάχου ποιησάμενοι ἀπέστειλαν τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ἐς Δελφούς.

10.23.4

τοιούτοις μὲν οἱ βάρβαροι παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν παθήμασί τε καὶ ἐκπλήξει συνείχοντο: τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ πολλῷ σφᾶς ἔμελλεν ἀλγεινότερα ἐπιλήψεσθαι. ῥῖγός τε γὰρ ἰσχυρὸν καὶ νιφετὸς ἦν ὁμοῦ τῷ ῥίγει, πέτραι τε ἀπολισθάνουσαι τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ μεγάλαι τε καὶ κρημνοὶ καταρρηγνύμενοι σκοπὸν τοὺς βαρβάρους εἶχον, καὶ αὐτοῖς οὐ κατὰ ἕνα ἢ δύο ἀλλὰ κατὰ τριάκοντα καὶ ἔτι πλείοσιν, ὡς ἕκαστοι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ φρουροῦντες ἢ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι τύχοιεν, ἀθρόοις ἡ ἀπώλεια ἐγένετο ὑπὸ τῆς ἐμβολῆς τῶν κρημνῶν.

10.23.5

ἅμα δὲ τῷ ἡλίῳ ἀνίσχοντι οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐπῄεσάν σφισιν ἐκ τῶν Δελφῶν, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ στράτευμα εὐθεῖαν, οἱ Φωκεῖς δὲ ἅτε καὶ μᾶλλον ἔχοντες τῶν χωρίων ἐμπείρως κατέβησάν τε διὰ τῆς χιόνος κατὰ τὰ ἀπότομα τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ καὶ ἔλαθον κατὰ νώτου γενόμενοι τοῖς Κελτοῖς, ἠκόντιζόν τε ἐς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐτόξευον σὺν οὐδενὶ ἀπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων δείματι.

10.23.6

οἱ δὲ ἀρχομένης μὲν τῆς μάχης, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ περὶ τὸν Βρέννον —οὗτοι δὲ μήκιστοί τε ἦσαν καὶ ἀλκιμώτατοι τῶν Γαλατῶν—τότε μὲν ὑπὸ προθυμίας ἔτι ἀντεῖχον βαλλόμενοί τε πανταχόθεν καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον ὑπὸ τοῦ ῥίγους, μάλιστα οἱ τραυματίαι, ταλαιπωροῦντες: ὡς δὲ καὶ ὁ Βρέννος ἔλαβε τραύματα, ἐκεῖνον μὲν λιποψυχήσαντα ἐκκομίζουσιν ἐκ τῆς μάχης, οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι πανταχόθεν σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὑπέφευγόν τε ἄκοντες καὶ ἑαυτῶν τοὺς ἀδυνάτους διὰ τραύματα ἕπεσθαι καὶ ἀρρωστίαν φονεύουσιν.

10.23.7

καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο ἔνθα νὺξ κατελάμβανεν ἀναχωροῦντας, ἐν δὲ τῇ νυκτὶ φόβος σφίσιν ἐμπίπτει Πανικός: τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ αἰτίας οὐδεμιᾶς δείματα ἐκ τούτου φασὶ γίνεσθαι. ἐνέπεσε μὲν ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἡ ταραχὴ περὶ βαθεῖαν τὴν ἑσπέραν, καὶ ὀλίγοι τὸ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς ἐγένοντο οἱ παραχθέντες ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ, ἐδόξαζόν τε οὗτοι κτύπου τε ἐπελαυνομένων ἵππων καὶ ἐφόδου πολεμίων αἰσθάνεσθαι: μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺ καὶ ἐς ἅπαντας διέδρα ἡ ἄγνοια.

10.23.8

ἀναλαβόντες οὖν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ διαστάντες ἔκτεινόν τε ἀλλήλους καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος ἐκτείνοντο, οὔτε γλώσσης τῆς ἐπιχωρίου συνιέντες οὔτε τὰς ἀλλήλων μορφὰς οὔτε τῶν θυρεῶν καθορῶντες τὰ σχήματα: ἀλλὰ ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς τάξεσιν ὁμοίως ὑπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγνοίας οἵ τε ἄνδρες οἱ ἀνθεστηκότες εἶναί σφισιν Ἕλληνες καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἐφαίνοντο καὶ Ἑλλάδα ἀφιέναι τὴν φωνήν, ἥ τε ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ μανία πλεῖστον ἐξειργάσατο ὑπ᾽ ἀλλήλων τοῖς Γαλάταις τὸν φόνον.

10.23.9

τῶν δὲ Φωκέων ὅσοι κατελίποντο κατὰ τοὺς ἀγροὺς φυλακῆς βοσκημάτων ἕνεκα, πρῶτοί τε ᾔσθοντο καὶ ἀπαγγέλλουσι τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὰ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ κατασχόντα τοὺς βαρβάρους. ἀναθαρσήσαντες δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς προθυμότερον ἔτι ἐνέκειντο τοῖς Κελτοῖς: διὰ φυλακῆς τε πλείονος τὰς ἐπαύλεις ἐποιοῦντο καὶ τὰ ἐς βίου χρείαν οὐ περιεώρων σφᾶς ἐκ τῆς χώρας ἀμαχεὶ λαμβάνοντας, ἐγεγόνει τε αὐτίκα τοῖς Γαλάταις διὰ παντὸς τοῦ στρατοῦ καὶ σίτου καὶ ὅσα ἐς τροφὴν ἄλλα ἔνδεια ἰσχυρά.

10.23.10

πλῆθος δὲ τὸ ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι αὐτῶν ἀναλωθέν, ὀλίγῳ μὲν ἑξακισχιλίων ἐλάσσονες οἱ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις, οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τῇ χειμερίῳ διαφθαρέντες νυκτὶ καὶ ὕστερον οἱ ἐν τῷ Πανικῷ δείματι ἐγένοντο ὑπὲρ τοὺς μυρίους, τοσοῦτοι δὲ ἄλλοι καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ.

10.23.11

Ἀθηναίων δὲ ἄνδρες ἐπισκεψόμενοι μὲν ἀφίκοντο ἐν Δελφοῖς: τότε δὲ ἐπανήκοντες τά τε ἄλλα ἤγγελλον ὁποῖα συμβεβήκει τοῖς βαρβάροις καὶ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κατειληφότα. οἱ δὲ αὐτοί τε ἐξεστρατεύοντο καὶ ὡς τὴν Βοιωτίαν διώδευον οἱ Βοιωτοί σφισιν ἀνεμίχθησαν: οὕτω δὴ ἀμφότεροι τοῖς βαρβάροις ἐπακολουθοῦντες ἐλόχων τε καὶ ἔκτεινον τοὺς ἀεὶ ἐσχάτους.

10.23.12

τοῖς δὲ φεύγουσιν ὁμοῦ τῷ Βρέννῳ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀκιχώριον ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ ἀνεμίχθησαν: βραδεῖαν γὰρ τὴν πορείαν ἐποίησάν σφισιν οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ τοῖς τε ἀκοντίοις ἐς αὐτοὺς ἀφειδέστερον καὶ ὅτῳ τύχοιεν καὶ ἄλλῳ χρώμενοι, ὥστε ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸ πρὸς τῇ Ἡρακλείᾳ μοῖρα οὐ πολλὴ διέφυγεν ἐξ αὐτῶν. τῷ δὲ Βρέννῳ κατὰ μὲν τὰ τραύματα ἐλείπετο ἔτι σωτηρίας ἐλπίς: τῶν δὲ πολιτῶν φόβῳ φασὶν αὐτὸν καὶ τῇ αἰδοῖ πλέον, ἅτε τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι κακῶν αἴτιον, ἑκουσίως ἀφεῖναι τὴν ψυχὴν ἀκράτου πίνοντα τοῦ οἴνου.

10.23.13

καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ οἱ βάρβαροι μέχρι μὲν τοῦ Σπερχειοῦ χαλεπῶς ἐκομίσθησαν, τῶν Αἰτωλῶν βιαίως σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων: ὡς δὲ ἀφίκοντο ἐπὶ τὸν Σπερχειόν, οἱ ἐντεῦθεν ὑποκαθήμενοι Θεσσαλοὶ καὶ οἱ Μαλιεῖς ἐνεφορήθησαν οὕτω σφῶν ὡς μηδένα οἴκαδε ἀποσωθῆναι.

10.23.14

ἐγένετο δὲ τῶν Κελτῶν στρατεία τε ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια Ἀναξικράτους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς πέμπτης Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν, ἣν Λάδας Αἰγιεὺς ἐνίκα στάδιον: τῷ δὲ ἔτει τῷ ἐφεξῆς Δημοκλέους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, οἱ δὲ αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν διαβαίνουσιν οἱ Κελτοί.

Source Colophon

The Greek source chapters were captured from Perseus Digital Library on 2026-05-13 and inspected on disk at Tulku/Tools/celtic/sources/continental_batch_2026-05-13/pausanias_10_19_greek_perseus.html, pausanias_10_20_greek_perseus.html, pausanias_10_21_greek_perseus.html, pausanias_10_22_greek_perseus.html, and pausanias_10_23_greek_perseus.html. The source pages identify the Greek edition as Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio, Teubner, 1903. The English translation is a New Tianmu Anglican Church Good Works Translation made from the Greek source.

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