Scythian
Scythian, Sarmatian, Taurian, Alan, Black Sea, and northern-steppe witnesses from classical literature, history, geography, and inscriptions.
Texts
Chinese historical and frontier-administrative witnesses for Xiongnu, Wusun, Yuezhi, Kangju, Sai/Saka, Dawan, oasis states, and the eastern side of the Scythian source-world.
Greek and Roman literary, historical, geographical, and philosophical witnesses for Scythia and the northern Black Sea world.
Greek philosophical and ethnographic testimonia for Anacharsis, the Saka, and the intellectual afterlife of the Scythian world.
Greek inscriptional witnesses for Olbia, Hylaea, Achilles Pontarches, the Mother of the Gods, and North Black Sea sacred geography.
Iranian, Achaemenid, and Zoroastrian source texts for Saka, Scythian, and steppe-imperial history.
Assyrian, Babylonian, and Near Eastern witnesses to Scythians, Cimmerians, Medes, and the northern frontier.