The Black Sea Circuit from Trapezus to Scythia

This is a Good Works Translation produced by the New Tianmu Anglican Church from the Ancient Greek text of Arrian's Periplus of the Euxine Sea.

Arrian wrote the Periplus as a report to Hadrian from the Black Sea frontier. It is not a mythic itinerary but a Roman imperial survey: harbors, rivers, distances, forts, client kings, broken coastlines, older Greek memories, and the navigated edge where Colchis, the Caucasus, Maeotis, Taurica, Olbia, the Ister, and Scythian coastal zones meet.

For the Scythian shelf, the work is valuable because it gives the Black Sea as a connected road. The voyage joins Trapezus and Apsarus, Medea's Colchian coast, Phasis and Dioscurias, the Cimmerian Bosporus, Tanais, Taurica, Olbia on the Borysthenes, the island of Achilles, the Ister mouths, and Byzantium into one navigated field.

The English translation was newly made from the Hercher-Eberhard Greek text as preserved in the Perseus canonical Greek XML. Falconer's public-domain English translation was used only as a control.

Translation

Chapter 1

Arrian greets the emperor Caesar Trajan Hadrian Augustus. We came to Trapezus, a Greek city, as Xenophon says, settled on the sea, a colony of the Sinopians; and we gladly looked upon the sea of the Euxine from the same place from which Xenophon did, and you also.

The altars are already standing, though of rough stone, and for that reason the letters carved upon them are not clear. The Greek inscription also is written incorrectly, as one would expect when it has been written by barbarians. I have therefore decided to set up the altars in white stone and to have the inscriptions cut in clear letters.

Your statue is standing, and its pose is suitable, for it points out the sea; but in workmanship it is neither like you nor otherwise beautiful.

Therefore send a statue worthy to be called yours, in this same pose; for the place is very well suited for an everlasting memorial.

Chapter 2

The temple too has been made of squared stone, and not badly. But the statue of Hermes is worthy neither of the temple nor of the place itself. If it seems good to you, send me a statue of Hermes about five feet high; for that size seems to me to be proportionate to the temple. Send also another, four feet high, of Philesius.

For it does not seem to me out of place that he should share temple and altar with his forefather. One man passing by will sacrifice to Hermes, another to Philesius, another to both. Both one party and the other will gratify Hermes and Philesius: Hermes, because they honor his descendant; Philesius, because they honor his forefather. As for me, I sacrificed an ox there,

not as Xenophon did at the harbor of Calpe, taking an ox from a wagon because of a lack of victims, but with the Trapezuntines themselves having provided a victim of no mean quality. We inspected the entrails there and poured libations on the entrails. To whom we first prayed for good things does not escape you,

since you know our custom and are conscious yourself that you are worthy for whom all men would pray good things, even those among us who have received less benefit from you.

Chapter 3

Setting out from Trapezus, on the first day we put in at the harbor of Hyssus and exercised the infantry stationed there. For this unit, as you know, is infantry, and it has twenty horsemen for service. But these too had to throw their javelins. From there we sailed on,

at first making use of the breezes blowing from the rivers in the morning, together with the oars. The breezes were cold, as Homer also says, but not strong enough for men who wished to make speed. Then a calm overtook us, so that we used rowing alone. After that,

suddenly a cloud rose and burst, chiefly from the east, and brought with it an extraordinary wind, and this exactly against us; even this by itself would have destroyed us. In a short time it made the sea hollow, so that water was pouring in on both sides in abundance, not only at the oars but even over the outriggers. It was that tragic thing:

"one wave we bailed out, and another flowed in." But the surge was not broadside to us. In that way we made progress, barely and painfully, by rowing; and after suffering much we came to Athenai.

Chapter 4

For there is also a place in the Euxine Pontus called by this name, and there is there a Greek temple of Athena, from which the place also seems to me to have its name. There is also a neglected little fortress.

The anchorage is such as to receive, in season, not many ships, and to provide them shelter from a south wind and again from the east wind. The ships anchored there would also be saved from the north wind, but not from the wind called Aparctias, nor from the Thracian wind in the Pontus, which in Greece is called Sciron.

During the night hard thunder and lightning held the sky, and the wind was no longer the same, but had shifted southward; after a little it shifted from the south to the Libs, and the anchorage was no longer safe for the ships.

Before the sea became entirely savage, we hauled up there as many ships as the place itself, Athenai, could receive, except for the trireme; for she rode safely at anchor under a certain rock.

Chapter 5

It seemed best to send most of the ships to the nearby beaches to be hauled up. They were hauled up so that all came through unharmed except one, which, when it was being brought to anchor before the right moment, turned broadside; the wave caught it and carried it out onto the beach and broke it up.

Nevertheless everything was saved: not only the sails, the ship's equipment, and the men, but also the nails; and the wax was scraped off, so that nothing was needed for the repair except shipbuilding timber, of which there was very great abundance. A storm held us for two days, and it was necessary to remain. For we were not, after all, to sail past the Athenai in the Pontus as though past some deserted and nameless anchorage. Setting out from there, under dawn, with the swell running obliquely,

Chapter 6

we made our attempt; and as the day advanced, a slight north wind blew up, settled the sea, and made it tremble into calm. Before midday we came more than five hundred stadia to Apsarus, where the five cohorts are stationed. I gave the army its pay,

inspected the arms, the wall, the ditch, the sick, and the available supply of grain. What judgment I formed about them is written in the Roman letters. The place Apsarus, they say, was formerly called Apsyrtus;

for there Apsyrtus died at the hands of Medea, and the tomb of Apsyrtus is shown. Then the name was corrupted by the neighboring barbarians, just as many other names have been corrupted; as when

they say that Tyana in Cappadocia was named Thoana after Thoas, king of the Taurians, who is said, while pursuing Orestes and Pylades, to have come as far as this country and to have died there of disease. In the coasting voyage from

Chapter 7

Trapezus we passed the Hyssus, from which the harbor of Hyssus takes its name, one hundred and eighty stadia from Trapezus; and the Ophis, about ninety stadia from the harbor of Hyssus, which marks off the land of the Colchians from Thiannice. Then came the river called Psychrus,

about thirty stadia from the Ophis. Then the river Calus; this also is thirty stadia from the Psychrus. Next is the river Rhizius, one hundred and twenty stadia from the Calus.

Thirty stadia from this is another river, Ascurus; and a certain Adienus is sixty stadia from the Ascurus. From there to Athenai is one hundred and eighty. Beside Athenai lies the river Zagatis, about seven stadia distant from it. Setting out from Athenai, we passed the Prytanis, where the royal residence of Anchialus also is. This river is forty stadia from Athenai.

Next after the Prytanis is the river Pyxites; ninety stadia lie between them. From the Pyxites to Archabis is another ninety, and from Archabis to Apsarus, sixty. Setting out from Apsarus, we passed the Acampsis by night, about fifteen stadia from Apsarus.

The river Bathys is seventy-five stadia from this, and the Acinases is ninety from the Bathys; the Isis is also ninety from the Acinases. Both the Acampsis and the Isis are navigable, and they send out strong morning breezes. From the Isis we passed the Mogrus. There are ninety stadia between the Mogrus and the Isis. The Mogrus too is navigable.

Chapter 8

From there we sailed into the Phasis, ninety stadia distant from the Mogrus. Of all the rivers I know, it provides the lightest water and the most altered in color.

One may judge its lightness both by weight and, before that, by the fact that it floats on the sea and does not mix with it, just as Homer says that the Titaresius flows over the Peneus "above it like oil."

If one dips from the water flowing on top, it is possible to draw up fresh water; but if someone lets the jar down into the depth, it is salt. And yet the whole Pontus is much fresher in its water than the sea outside, and the cause of this is the rivers, which cannot be measured either in number or in size. A proof of this freshness,

if proof is needed for things apparent to sense, is that all those who live beside the sea lead their grazing animals down to the sea and water them from it. The animals are seen to drink gladly, and the report holds that this drink is more beneficial to them than fresh water. The color of the Phasis is like water stained by lead or tin;

but when it settles it becomes very clear. Therefore it is not customary for those sailing into the Phasis to bring water in with them. When they have already entered the current, the order is given to pour out all the water that is in the ships. If not, the report holds that those who neglect this do not have a prosperous voyage. The water of the Phasis does not rot, but remains pure beyond the tenth year, except that it changes to become sweeter. As one enters the Phasis, on the left is set up

Chapter 9

the Phasian goddess. Judging from her form, she would be Rhea; for she has a cymbal in her hands, lions under her throne, and she sits as the statue of Phidias sits in the Metroon at Athens. Here also

the anchor of the Argo is shown. The iron one did not seem to me ancient; although its size is not like present anchors, and its shape is in some way changed, still it appeared to me to be later than that time. But fragments of another anchor, a stone one, were shown as ancient, so that one might rather suppose these to be the remains of the anchor of the Argo. There was no other memorial there of the myths concerning Jason. The fortress itself,

where four hundred picked soldiers are stationed, seemed to me extremely strong both by the nature of the place and by lying in a very suitable position for the security of those who sail there. A double ditch has been thrown around the wall, each ditch broad.

Formerly the wall was of earth and wooden towers stood upon it. Now both wall and towers are made of baked brick; it is securely founded, engines are set upon it, and, in a word, it is furnished in every way so that none of the barbarians could even come near it, much less put the garrison inside into danger of siege.

Since the anchorage also had to be safe for the ships, and since there were settlements outside the fortress occupied by men retired from military service and by certain other trading people, it seemed good to me to draw another ditch from the double ditch that surrounds the wall toward the river, to include both the naval station and the houses outside the wall.

Chapter 10

From the Phasis we passed the navigable river Charieis; the distance between the two is ninety stadia. From the Charieis we sailed another ninety stadia into the river Chobus, where we also anchored. The reasons for this and what we did there the Roman letters will make clear to you.

From the Chobus we passed the navigable river Singamê, which is at most about two hundred and ten stadia from the Chobus. Next after the Singamus is the river Tarsuras; the distance between them is one hundred and twenty stadia. The river Hippus is one hundred and fifty stadia from the Tarsuras, and Astelephus thirty from the Hippus.

After passing Astelephus, we reached Sebastopolis before midday, having set out from Chobus, the distance from Astelephus being one hundred and twenty stadia. This left time on the same day to give the soldiers their pay, inspect the horses and arms, see the horsemen leaping onto their horses, examine the sick and the grain supply, and go around the wall and ditch. From Chobus

to Sebastopolis is six hundred and thirty stadia; from Trapezus to Sebastopolis, two thousand two hundred and sixty. Sebastopolis was formerly called Dioscurias, a colony of the Milesians. The peoples we passed were these.

Chapter 11

The Colchians, as Xenophon says, border the Trapezuntines. Those whom he says are most warlike and most hostile to the Trapezuntines he calls Drilae, but these seem to me to be the Sanni. They are still to this day very warlike and very hostile to the Trapezuntines; they live in strong places, are a people without a king, and formerly

were subject to tribute to the Romans, but because of their raiding they do not pay the assessment exactly. Now, with the god's help, they will either pay it exactly, or we shall destroy them. Next after these are the Macrones and Heniochi; their king is Anchialus. Next after the Macrones and Heniochi are the Zydretae, who are subject to Pharasmanes. After the Zydretae are the Lazi; the king of the Lazi is Malassas, who has his kingship from you. After the Lazi are the Apsilae; their king

is Julianus, who has his kingship from your father. Bordering the Apsilae are the Abasci; the king of the Abasci is Rhesmagas, and he too has his kingship from you. Next after the Abasci are the Sanigae, where Sebastopolis also has been founded; the king of the Sanigae is Spadagas, who has his kingship from you.

As far as Apsarus, then, we sailed eastward on the right side of the Euxine, and Apsarus seemed to me to be the limit of the Pontus in its length. From there our voyage turned north as far as the river Chobus, and beyond the Chobus to the Singamê. From the Singamus we bent toward the left side of the Pontus as far as the river Hippus.

From the Hippus, toward Astelephus and Dioscurias, we saw Mount Caucasus, whose height is about that of the Celtic Alps. A certain summit of the Caucasus was shown, named Strobilus, where Prometheus is mythically said to have been hung by Hephaestus at the command of Zeus.

Chapter 12

The distances from the Thracian Bosporus as far as the city of Trapezus are as follows. Along the Thracian Bosporus and the mouth of the Euxine Pontus, on the right-hand Asian side, which belongs to the nation of the Bithynians, lies a place called Hieron. In it is a temple of Zeus surnamed Ourios. This place is the starting-point for those who sail into the Pontus.

For one who has sailed into the Pontus, with Asia on his right hand, and who is coasting around the adjoining part of the Bithynian nation that lies toward the Pontus, the circuit is as follows. The Hieron of Zeus Ourios is one hundred and twenty stadia from Byzantium. Here the so-called mouth of the Pontus is narrowest, at the point where it runs into the Propontis.

I say these things to you although you know them. From the Hieron, as one sails with the right hand to the land, comes the river Rhebas, ninety stadia distant from the Hieron of Zeus. Next is the headland called Melaina, one hundred and fifty stadia away. From Melaina headland to the river Artanes, where there is also an anchorage for small ships beside a temple of Aphrodite, is another one hundred and fifty stadia.

From Artanes to the river Psillis is one hundred and fifty stadia; small craft could anchor by the projecting rock not far from the river mouths. From there to the harbor of Calpe is two hundred and ten stadia.

What sort of place the harbor of Calpe is, what kind of anchorage it has, how there is in it a spring of cold clear water, and how woods stand by the sea with timber fit for shipbuilding, and these woods full of game, Xenophon the elder has told. From the harbor of Calpe to Rhoe is twenty stadia; there is an anchorage

Chapter 13

for small ships. From Rhoe to Apollonia, a small island lying a little way off the mainland, is another twenty stadia. There is a harbor under the island. From there to Chelai is twenty stadia. From Chelai it is one hundred and eighty stadia to the place where the Sangarius river flows into the Pontus.

From there to the mouths of the Hypius is another one hundred and eighty stadia. To the trading-station of Lillium from the Hypius is one hundred stadia, and from Lillium to Elaeum sixty. From there to Caleta, another trading-station, is one hundred and twenty.

From Caleta to the river Lycus is eighty stadia, and from the Lycus to Heracleia, a Greek Dorian city and a colony of the Megarians, twenty stadia. There is an anchorage for ships in Heracleia. From Heracleia to the so-called Metroon is eighty stadia. From there to the Poseideion is forty,

and from there to the Tyndaridae forty-five; from there to the Nymphaeum, fifteen. From the Nymphaeum to the river Oxinas is thirty. From Oxinas to Sandarace is ninety. Sandarace has an anchorage for small ships. From there to Crenides is sixty.

From Crenides to Psylla, a trading-station, is thirty. From there to Tium, a Greek Ionian city settled on the sea, itself also a colony of the Milesians, is ninety. From Tium to the river Billaeus is twenty stadia. From the Billaeus to the river Parthenius is one hundred stadia. Up to this point the Bithynian Thracians occupy the land, whom Xenophon

also remembered in his narrative, saying that they were the most warlike of the peoples in Asia, and that the Greek army suffered many injuries in this country when the Arcadians separated from the divisions of Cheirisophus and Xenophon.

Chapter 14

From here onward the coast is now Paphlagonia. From the Parthenius to Amastris, a Greek city, is ninety stadia; it has an anchorage for ships. From there to Erythini is sixty. And from

Erythini to Cromna is another sixty. From there to Cytorus is ninety. There is an anchorage for ships at Cytorus. From Cytorus to Aegiali is sixty; to Thymena, ninety; and to Carambis, one hundred and twenty.

From there to Zephyrium is sixty. From Zephyrium to Abonou Teichos, a small city, is one hundred and fifty; the anchorage for ships is not safe, though they might ride there without harm unless a great storm caught them. From Abonou Teichos to Aeginetes is another one hundred and fifty. From there to the trading-station of Cinolis is another sixty. Ships too might ride at Cinolis in the proper season of the year. From Cinolis to Stephane

is one hundred and eighty; it has a safe anchorage for ships. From Stephane to Potamoi is one hundred and fifty. From there to Leptê Acra is one hundred and twenty. From Leptê Acra to Harmene is sixty; there is a harbor there.

Xenophon also mentioned Harmene. From there to Sinope is forty stadia; the people of Sinope are colonists of the Milesians. From Sinope to Carusa is one hundred and fifty; there is open roadstead for ships. From there to Zagora is again another one hundred and fifty. From there to the river Halys is three hundred.

Chapter 15

This river was formerly the boundary between the kingdom of Croesus and the Persians. Now it flows under the dominion of the Romans, not from the south, as Herodotus says, but from the rising sun. At the point where it flows into the Pontus, it marks the lands of the Sinopians and the Amisenes.

From the river Halys to Naustathmus is ninety stadia, where there is also a lake. From there to Conopium, another lake, is again another fifty. From Conopium to Eusene is one hundred and twenty. From there to Amisus

is one hundred and sixty. Amisus is a Greek city, a colony of the Athenians, settled on the sea. From Amisus to the harbor of Ancon, where the Iris also flows into the Pontus, is one hundred and sixty stadia. From the mouths of the Iris to Heracleion is three hundred and sixty; there is an anchorage for ships. From there to the river Thermodon is forty. This is the Thermodon, where the Amazons are said to have lived. From the Thermodon to the river Beris is ninety stadia.

Chapter 16

From there to the river Thoaris is sixty. From Thoaris to Oenoe is thirty. From Oenoe to the river Phigamous is forty. From there to the fortress Phadisane is one hundred and fifty. From there to Polemonium,

a city, is ten stadia. From Polemonium to the headland called Jasonion is one hundred and thirty stadia. From there to the island of the Cilicians is fifteen stadia.

From the island of the Cilicians to Boona is seventy-five. At Boona there is an anchorage for ships. From there to Cotyora is ninety. Xenophon mentioned this as a city and says it was a colony of the Sinopians; now it is a village, and not even a large one. From Cotyora to the river Melanthius is about sixty stadia. From there to another river, the Pharmatenus, is one hundred and fifty. From there to Pharnacia is one hundred and twenty. This Pharnacia was formerly

called Cerasus; it too was a colony of the Sinopians. From there to the island Aretias is thirty. From there to Zephyrium is one hundred and twenty; there is an anchorage for ships. From Zephyrium to Tripolis is ninety stadia. From there to the Argyrias is twenty stadia. From the Argyrias to

Philocaleia is ninety. From there to Coralla is one hundred. From Coralla to Hieron Oros is one hundred and fifty. From Hieron Oros to Cordyle is forty;

there is an anchorage for ships. From Cordyle to Hermonassa is forty-five. There too is an anchorage. From Hermonassa to Trapezus is sixty stadia. There you are making a harbor; formerly there was only an anchorage, fit for riding off in the season of the year.

Chapter 17

The distances from Trapezus as far as Dioscurias have already been set out, measured by the rivers. From Trapezus to Dioscurias, now called Sebastopolis, they add up to two thousand two hundred and sixty stadia.

These, then, are the places on the right hand for those sailing from Byzantium toward Dioscurias, at which camp the Roman dominion ends for those entering

the Pontus on the right hand. But since I learned that Cotys, the king of the Bosporus called Cimmerian, had died, I made it my care to make clear to you also the voyage as far as the Bosporus, so that if you should deliberate about the Bosporus, you may deliberate without being ignorant of this voyage too.

Chapter 18

When one sets out from Dioscurias, the first harbor would be at Pityus, three hundred and fifty stadia away. From there to Nitica is one hundred and fifty stadia, where formerly a Scythian people lived, the people of whom Herodotus the prose-writer makes mention.

He says that these are the lice-eaters, and to this day the same opinion about them still holds. From Nitica to the river Abascus is ninety stadia. Borgys is one hundred and twenty stadia from Abascus, and Nesis, where the Heraclean promontory rises, is sixty stadia from Borgys. From Nesis to Masaiticê is ninety stadia.

From there to Achaeus is sixty stadia; this river separates the Zilchi and the Sanigae. The king of the Zilchi is Stachemphax, and he too received his kingdom from you. From Achaeus to the Heraclean promontory is one hundred and fifty stadia. From there to the promontory where there is shelter from the Thrascian and north winds is one hundred and eighty. From there to the place called Old Lazicê is one hundred and twenty stadia.

From there to Old Achaea is one hundred and fifty, and from there to the harbor of Pagrae three hundred and fifty. From the harbor of Pagrae to the Sacred Harbor is one hundred and eighty. From there to Sindica is three hundred. From Sindica to the Bosporus called Cimmerian...

Chapter 19

...and to Panticapaeum, a city of the Bosporus, is five hundred and forty stadia. From there to the river Tanais is sixty. The Tanais is said to divide Europe from Asia. It begins from Lake Maeotis and empties into the sea of the Euxine Pontus. Yet Aeschylus, in the Prometheus Unbound, makes the Phasis the boundary

of Europe and Asia. At any rate, in his play the Titans say to Prometheus that "we have come, Prometheus, to look upon these labors of yours and this suffering of your bond." Then they list how much country they have passed over: "on one side the Phasis, twin-born child of earth, the great boundary of Europe and Asia." The circuit around Lake Maeotis is said

to be about nine thousand stadia. From Panticapaeum to the village Cazeca, founded on the sea, is four hundred and twenty stadia. From there to the deserted city Theodosia is two hundred and eighty; and

this was an ancient Greek Ionian city, a colony of Miletus, and it is remembered in many writings. From there to a deserted harbor of the Scytho-Tauri is two hundred stadia; and from there to Lampas of Taurica is six hundred.

From Lampas to Symbolus Harbor, itself also Tauric, is five hundred and twenty stadia; and from there to Chersonesus of Taurica, one hundred and eighty. From Chersonesus to Cercinitis is six hundred stadia; and from Cercinitis to Fair Harbor, this too Scythian, another seven hundred.

Chapter 20

From Fair Harbor to Tamyracê is three hundred; within Tamyracê there is a lake, not large. From there to the outflows of the lake is another three hundred. From the outflows of the lake to the Shores is three hundred and eighty stadia; and from there to the river Borysthenes, one hundred and fifty.

For one sailing upstream on the Borysthenes, a Greek city named Olbia has been founded. From the Borysthenes to a small island, deserted and nameless, is sixty stadia; and from there to Odessus, eighty. At Odessus there is an anchorage for ships. After Odessus comes the harbor of the Istrians, two hundred and fifty stadia away.

After this comes the harbor of the Isiaci, fifty stadia away. From there to the mouth of the Ister called Psilon is one thousand two hundred stadia. The places between are deserted and nameless.

Chapter 21

Opposite this mouth especially, for one sailing straight with a north wind, an island lies by itself in the open sea. Some call it the island of Achilles, others the Racecourse of Achilles, and others Leuce because of its color. Thetis is said to have given it to her son, and Achilles to dwell there. There is on it a temple of Achilles and an ancient wooden image.

The island is empty of human beings, but it is pastured by a few goats. Those who put in there are said to dedicate them to Achilles. Many other offerings are set up in the temple: bowls, rings, and more costly stones, and inscriptions composed in different meters, some in Latin and some in Greek, praises of Achilles. There are also some

of Patroclus; for those who wish to please Achilles honor Patroclus together with him. Many birds lodge on the island: gulls, divers, and sea-crows beyond counting. These birds tend the temple of Achilles.

Every day at dawn they fly down to the sea; then, with their wings wet from the sea, they quickly fly back into the temple and sprinkle it. When this has been done well, they clean the floor again with their wings. Others also tell the following.

Chapter 22

Those who intentionally sail to the island bring sacrificial animals in their ships. Some of these they sacrifice, and others they release for Achilles. Others, forced by storm to put in,

ask from the god himself for a sacrificial animal. They consult about the animals, whether it is better and more advantageous for them to sacrifice whichever animal feeding there they may themselves choose, while at the same time depositing what seems to them a fitting price. If

the oracle refuses, for there are oracles in the temple, they add to the price. If it still refuses, they add again. When it agrees, they know that the price is sufficient. The sacrificial animal then stands still of its own accord and no longer

tries to escape. Much silver is dedicated there to the hero in this way, the prices of the sacrificial animals.

Chapter 23

Achilles is said to appear in dreams to some who have put in at the island, and also to some who are sailing when they have come not far from it, telling them where it is best to land on the island and where to anchor. Others say that Achilles has appeared to them while awake, on the mast or at the end of the yard-arm,

like the Dioscuri. Achilles falls short of the Dioscuri only in this: the Dioscuri appear clearly to those sailing everywhere, and when they appear they become saviors; but Achilles appears to those who are already drawing near the island. Some also say that Patroclus

has appeared to them in dreams. These things concerning the island of Achilles I have written down from what I heard, either from those who themselves landed there or from others who had inquired; and they seem to me not unbelievable.

For I am convinced that Achilles is a hero, if anyone else is: judging from his noble birth, his beauty, the strength of his soul, his departure from men while still young, Homer's poetry about him, and his being full of love and friendship, so that he chose even to die after his beloved companion.

Chapter 24

From the mouth of the Ister called Psilon to the second mouth is sixty stadia. From there to the mouth called Calon is forty stadia. From the Calon to the mouth called Naracon, the fourth mouth of the Ister, is sixty stadia.

From there to the fifth mouth is one hundred and twenty; and from there to the city of Istria is five hundred stadia. From there to the city of Tomea is three hundred stadia.

From Tomea to the city of Callatis is another three hundred; there is an anchorage for ships. From there to Caron Limen is one hundred and eighty, and the land around the harbor is called Caria. From Caron Limen to Tetrisiada is one hundred and twenty stadia. From there to Bizone, a deserted place, is sixty stadia.

From Bizone to Dionysopolis is eighty stadia. From there to Odessus is two hundred; there is an anchorage for ships. From Odessus to the lower slopes of Haemus, which come down to the Pontus, is three hundred and sixty stadia. There too is an anchorage for ships. From Haemus to the city of Mesembria is ninety;

there is an anchorage for ships. From Mesembria to the city of Anchialus is seventy stadia, and from Anchialus to Apollonia, one hundred and eighty. All these are Greek cities,

settled in Scythia, on the left hand for one sailing into the Pontus. From Apollonia to Cherronesus is sixty stadia; there is an anchorage for ships. From Cherronesus to Auliaeus Teichos is two hundred and fifty. From there to the Thynias coast is one hundred and twenty. From Thynias to Salmydessus is two hundred stadia.

Chapter 25

Xenophon the elder has made mention of this place, and says that the army of the Greeks, which he himself led, came as far as this when he campaigned at the end with Seuthes the Thracian. He wrote much about the harborless character of the

place: that ships driven by storm are cast ashore there, and that the neighboring Thracians quarrel among themselves over the wrecks. From Salmydessus

to Phrygia is three hundred and thirty stadia. From there to the Cyaneae is three hundred and twenty. These are the Cyaneae which the poets say were once wandering rocks; and through them the first ship, the Argo, passed, the ship that carried Jason to the Colchians. From the Cyaneae to the

temple of Zeus Ourios, where the mouth of the Pontus is, is forty stadia. From there to the harbor of Daphne called the Mad is forty stadia. From Daphne to Byzantium is eighty. These, then, are also the places from the Cimmerian Bosporus to the Thracian Bosporus and the city of Byzantium.

Colophon

This Good Works Translation was prepared for the Scythian shelf by the New Tianmu Anglican Church from the Greek source text printed below. The translation was made against the Hercher-Eberhard Greek text as preserved in the Perseus canonical Greek XML, with Falconer's public-domain English used only as a control.

The source text crosses chapter breaks mid-sentence at 18-19 and 21-22. The translation preserves those breaks because they are part of the numbered source control.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Ἀρριανός, Περίπλους τοῦ Εὐξείνου Πόντου

Greek source text from Arrian, Periplus of the Euxine Sea, edited by Hercher and Eberhard and preserved in the Perseus canonical Greek XML. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

1.1

Αὐτοκράτορι Καίσαρι Τραϊανῷ Ἀδριανῷ Σεβαστῷ Ἀρριανὸς χαίρειν. ἐς Τραπεζοῦντα ἥκομεν, πόλιν Ἑλληνίδα, ὡς λέγει ὁ Ξενοφῶν ἐκεῖνος, ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ᾠκισμένην, Σινωπέων ἄποικον, καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν τοῦ Εὐξείνου ἄσμενοι κατείδομεν ὅθενπερ καὶ Ξενοφῶν καὶ σύ.

1.2

καὶ οἱ βωμοὶ ἀνεστᾶσιν ἤδη, λίθου μέντοι γε τοῦ τραχέος, καὶ τὰ γράμματα διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εὔδηλα κεχάρακται, τὸ δὲ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐπίγραμμα καὶ ἡμαρτημένως γέγραπται, οἷα δὴ ὑπὸ βαρβάρων γραφέν. ἔγνωκα οὖν τούς τε βωμοὺς λίθου λευκοῦ ἀναθεῖναι, καὶ τὰ ἐπιγράμματα ἐγχαράξαι εὐσήμοις τοῖς γράμμασιν.

1.3

ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀνδριὰς ἕστηκεν ὁ σὸς τὸ μὲν σχῆμα ἐπιτηδείως — ἀποδείκνυσιν γὰρ τὴν θάλασσαν —, τὴν δὲ ἐργασίαν οὔτε ὅμοιός σοι οὔτε ἄλλως καλός·

1.4

ὥστε πέμψον ἀνδριάντα ἄξιον ἐπονομάζεσθαι σὸν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τούτῳ σχήματι· τὸ γὰρ χωρίον ἐπιτηδειότατον ἐς μνήμην αἰώνιον.

2.1

πεποίηται δὲ καὶ ὁ νεὼς λίθου τετραγώνου οὐ φαύλως· ἀλλὰ τὸ τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ ἄγαλμα οὔτε τοῦ νεὼ ἄξιόν ἐστιν οὔτε αὐτοῦ τοῦ χωρίου. εἰ δέ σοι δοκεῖ, πέμψον μοι πεντάπουν μάλιστα Ἑρμοῦ ἄγαλμα· τηλικοῦτον γάρ μοι δοκεῖ ἔσεσθαι ὥς γε πρὸς τὸν νεὼν σύμμετρον. καὶ ἄλλο τοῦ Φιλησίου τετράπουν·

2.2

οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ τρόπου δοκεῖ μοι σύνναος καὶ σύμβωμος ἔσεσθαι τῷ προπάτορι. καὶ ὃ μέν τις τῷ Ἑρμῇ, ὃ δὲ τῷ Φιλησίῳ, ὃ δὲ καὶ ἀμφοῖν θύσει παριών. χαριοῦνται δὲ καὶ οὗτοι κἀκεῖνοι τῷ τε Ἑρμῇ καὶ τῷ Φιλησίῳ· τῷ μέν Ἑρμῇ, ὅτι τὸν ἔγγονον αὐτοῦ τιμῶσιν, τῷ δὲ Φιλησίῳ, ὅτι τὸν αὐτοῦ προπάτορα. ὡς ἔγωγε καὶ ἐβουθύτησα ἐνταῦθα, οὐχ

2.3

ὥσπερ ὁ Ξενοφῶν ἐκεῖνος ἐν Κάλπης λιμένι ὑφʼ ἁμάξης βοῦν λαβὼν διʼ ἀπορίαν ἱερείων, ἀλλὰ τῶν Τραπεζουντίων αὐτῶν παρασκευασάντων ἱερεῖον οὐκ ἀγεννές. καὶ ἐσπλαγχνευσάμεθα αὐτόθι καὶ τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ἐπεσπείσαμεν. ὅτῳ δὲ πρώτῳ τἀγαθὰ ηὐχόμεθα, οὐ λανθάνομέν

2.4

σε τόν τε τρόπον τὸν ἡμέτερον οὐκ ἀγνοοῦντα καὶ σαυτῷ συνειδότα ὅτι ἄξιος εἶ ὑπὲρ ὅτου πάντες ἃν εὔξαιντο τἀγαθὰ κἂν ὅσοι ἡμῶν ἔλαττον ὑπὸ σοῦ εὖ πεπόνθασιν.

3.1

ἔκ Τραπεζοῦντος δὲ ὁρμηθέντες τῇ μὲν πρώτῃ ἐς Ὕσσου λιμένα κατήραμεν καὶ τοὺς πεζοὺς τοὺς ταύτῃ ἐγυμνάσαμεν· ἡ γὰρ τάξις αὕτη, ὡς οἶσθα, πεζῶν ἐστιν καὶ ἱππέας εἴκοσιν ἐς διακονίαν ἔχει. ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτους τὰς λόγχας ἀκοντίσαι ἐδέησεν. ἐνθένδε ἐπλέομεν, τὰ

3.2

μὲν πρῶτα ταῖς αὔραις ταῖς ἐκ τῶν ποταμῶν πνεούσαις ἕωθεν καὶ ἅμα ταῖς κώπαις διαχρώμενοι· ψυχραὶ μὲν γὰρ ἦσαν αἱ αὖραι, ὡς λέγει καὶ Ὅμηρος, οὐχ ἱκαναὶ δὲ τοῖς ταχυναυτεῖν βουλομένοις. εἶτα γαλήνη ἐπέλαβεν, ὥστε τῇ εἰρεσίᾳ μόνῃ ἐχρώμεθα. ἔπειτα

3.3

δὲ ἄφνω νεφέλη ἐπαναστᾶσα ἐξερράγη κατʼ εὖρον μάλιστα, καὶ ἐπήνεγκεν πνεῦμα ἐξαίσιον καὶ τοῦτο ἀκριβῶς ἐναντίον, ὅπερ κἂν μόνον ἀπώλεσεν ἡμᾶς· κοίλην μὲν γὰρ διʼ ὀλίγου τὴν θάλασσαν ἐποίησεν, ὡς μὴ κατὰ τὰς κώπας μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ τὰς παρεξειρεσίας ἐπεσρεῖν ἡμῖν ἑκατέρωθεν ἀφθόνως τοῦ ὕδατος, τοῦτο δὴ τὸ τραγικόν,

3.4

ʽκαὶ τὴν μὲν ἐξηντλοῦμεν, ἣ δʼ ἐπεσρέει.ʼ ἀλλʼ οὐ πλάγιόν γε ἦν τὸ κλυδώνιον. ταύτῃ καὶ ἠνύτομεν μόλις καὶ χαλεπῶς τῇ εἰρεσίᾳ, καὶ μέντοι πολλὰ παθόντες ἥκομεν ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας.

4.1

ἔστιν γάρ τοι καὶ ἐν Πόντῳ τῷ Εὐξείνῳ χωρίον οὕτω καλούμενον, καί τι καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν ἐστιν αὐτόθι Ἑλληνικόν, ὅθεν μοι δοκεῖ καὶ τὸ ὄνομα εἶναι τοῦτο τῷ χωρίῳ. καὶ φρούριόν τι ἐστὶν ἠμελημένον.

4.2

ὁ δὲ ὅρμος οἷος ὥρᾳ ἔτους δέχεσθαι οὐ πολλὰς ναῦς καὶ σκέπην ταύταις παρέχειν ἀπὸ νότου ἀνέμου καὶ αὖ τοῦ εὔρου· σῴζοιτο δʼ ἂν καὶ τοῦ βορρᾶ τὰ ὁρμοῦντα πλοῖα, ἀλλʼ οὐ τοῦ γε ἀπαρκτίου οὐδὲ τοῦ θρᾳσκίου μὲν ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ, σκίρωνος δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι καλουμένου.

4.3

ἐς δὲ τὴν νύκτα βρονταί τε σκληραὶ καὶ ἀστραπαὶ κατεῖχον, καὶ πνεῦμα οὐ τὸ αὐτὸ ἔτι, ἀλλʼ ἐς νότον μεθειστήκει, καὶ διʼ ὀλίγου ἀπὸ τοῦ νότου ἐς λίβα ἄνεμον, καὶ ταῖς ναυσὶν οὐκέτι ἀσφαλὴς ὁ ὅρμος ἦν.

4.4

πρὶν οὖν παντάπασιν ἀγριωθῆναι τὴν θάλασσαν, ὅσας μὲν αὐτὸ τὸ χωρίον αἱ Ἀθῆναι δέξασθαι ἐδύναντο, ταύτας αὐτοῦ ἐνεωλκήσαμεν, πλὴν τῆς τριήρους· αὕτη γὰρ πέτρᾳ τινὶ ὑφορμοῦσα ἀσφαλῶς ἐσάλευεν.

5.1

τὰς δὲ πολλὰς ἐδόκει πέμπειν ἐς τοὺς αἰγιαλοὺς τοὺς πλησίον νεωλκηθησομένας. καὶ ἐνεωλκήθησαν ὥστε ἀπαθεῖς διαγενέσθαι πάσας πλὴν μιᾶς, ἥντινα ἐν τῷ ὁρμίζεσθαι πρὸ τοῦ καιροῦ ἐπιστρέψασαν πλαγίαν ὑπολαβὸν τὸ κῦμα ἐξήνεγκεν ἐς τὴν ᾐόνα καὶ συνέτριψεν.

5.2

ἀπεσώθη μέντοι πάντα, οὐ τὰ ἱστία μόνον καὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ ναυτικὰ καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἧλοι, καὶ ὁ κηρὸς ἀπεξύσθη, ὡς μηδενὸς ἄλλου ἢ ξύλων δεῖσθαι ναυπηγησίμων ἐς τὴν κατασκευήν, ὧν παμπόλλη, χειμὼν ἐπὶ δύο ἡμέρας κατεῖχεν, καὶ ἦν ἀνάγκη μένειν· ἐχρῆν γὰρ ἄρα μηδὲ τὰς ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ Ἀθήνας παραπλεῦσαι ἡμᾶς ὥσπερ τινὰ ὅρμον ἔρημον καὶ ἀνώνυμον. ἐνθένδε ἄραντες ὑπὸ μὲν τὴν ἕω πλαγίου τοῦ κλύδωνος

6.1

ἐπειρώμεθα, προϊούσης δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας βορρᾶς ἐπιπνεύσας ὀλίγος κατέστησε τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ διατρεμῆσαι ἐποίησεν. καὶ ἤλθομεν πρὸ τῆς μεσημβρίας σταδίους πλείους ἢ πεντακοσίους ἐς Ἄψαρον, ἵναπερ αἱ πέντε σπεῖραί εἰσιν ἱδρυμέναι. καὶ τὴν μισθοφορὰν

6.2

τῇ στρατιᾷ ἔδωκα καὶ τὰ ὅπλα εἶδον καὶ τὸ τεῖχος καὶ τὴν τάφρον καὶ τοὺς κάμνοντας καὶ τοῦ σίτου τὴν παρασκευὴν τὴν ἐνοῦσαν. ἥντινα δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν τὴν γνώμην ἔσχον, ἐν τοῖς Ῥωμαϊκοϊς γράμμασιν γέγραπται. ὁ δὲ Ἄψαρος τὸ χωρίον λέγουσιν ὅτι Ἄψυρτος ἐκαλεῖτο

6.3

πάλαι ποτέ· ἐνταῦθα γὰρ τὸν Ἄψυρτον ὑπὸ τῆς Μηδείας ἀποθανεῖν, καὶ τάφος Ἀψύρτου δείκνυται. ἔπειτα διαφθαρῆναι τὸ ὄνομα ὑπὸ τῶν περιοίκων βαρβάρων, καθάπερ καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ διέφθαρται· ὁπότε

6.4

καὶ τὰ Τύανα τὰ ἐν τοῖς Καππαδόκαις Θόανα λέγουσιν ὅτι ὠνομάζετο ἐπὶ Θόαντι, τῷ βασιλεῖ τῶν Ταύρων, ὃς τοὺς ἀμφὶ Ὀρέστην καὶ Πυλάδην διώκων ἄχρι τῆσδε τῆς χώρας ἐλθεῖν φημίζεται καὶ ἐνταῦθα νόσῳ ἀποθανεῖν. ποταμοὺς δὲ παρημείψαμεν ἐν τῷ παράπλῳ τῷ ἀπὸ

7.1

Τραπεζοῦντος τόν τε Ὕσσον, ὅτου ἐπώνυμος Ὕσσου λιμήν, ὃς ἀπέχει Τραπεζοῦντος σταδίους ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, καὶ τὸν Ὄφιν, ὃς ἀπέχει Ὕσσου λιμένος ἐς ἐνενήκοντα σταδίους μάλιστα καὶ ὁρίζει τὴν Κόλχων χώραν ἀπὸ τῆς Θιαννικῆς. ἔπειτα τὸν Ψυχρὸν καλούμενον

7.2

ποταμὸν διέχοντα ὅσον τριάκοντα σταδίους ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὄφιος. ἔπειτα τὸν Καλὸν ποταμόν· καὶ οὗτος τριάκοντα διέχει ἀπὸ τοῦ Ψυχροῦ. ἐχόμενος δέ ἐστιν ὁ Ῥίζιος ποταμός, ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι σταδίους διέχων ἀπὸ τοῦ Καλοῦ.

7.3

καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τριάκοντα Ἄσκουρος ἄλλος ποταμός, καὶ Ἀδιηνός τις ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀσκούρου ἑξήκοντα· ἐνθένδε ἐς Ἀθήνας ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ταῖς δὲ Ἀθήναις Ζάγατις ποταμὸς ἑπτὰ μάλιστα σταδίους ἀπʼ αὐτῶν διέχων πρόσκειται. ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ὁρμηθέντες τὸν Πρύτανιν παρημείψαμεν, ἵναπερ καὶ τὰ Ἀγχιάλου βασίλειά ἐστιν. καὶ οὗτος ἀπέχει τεσσαράκοντα σταδίους ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν.

7.4

τοῦ Πρυτάνεως δὲ ἔχεται ὁ Πυξίτης ποταμός· στάδιοι ἐνενήκοντα ἐν μέσῳ ἀμφοῖν. καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πυξίτου ἐς Ἄρχαβιν ἄλλοι ἐνενήκοντα, ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀρχάβιος ἐς Ἄψαρον ἑξήκοντα. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀψάρου ἄραντες τὸν Ἄκαμψιν παρημείψαμεν νύκτωρ, ἐς πεντεκαίδεκα σταδίους ἀπέχοντα τοῦ Ἀψάρου.

7.5

ὁ δὲ Βαθὺς ποταμὸς ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἀπέχει τούτου, καὶ ὁ Ἀκινάσης ἀπὸ τοῦ Βαθέος ἐνενήκοντα, ἐνενήκοντα δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ Ἀκινάσου ὁ Ἶσις. ναυσίποροι δέ εἰσιν ὅ τε Ἄκαμψις καὶ ὁ Ἶσις, καὶ αὔρας τὰς ἑωθινὰς ἰσχυρὰς ἐκπέμπουσιν. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἴσιος τὸν Μῶγρον παρημείψαμεν. ἐνενήκοντα στάδιοι μεταξὺ τοῦ Μώγρου εἰσὶν καὶ τοῦ Ἴσιος. καὶ οὗτος ναυσίπορος.

8.1

ἐνθένδε ἐς τὸν Φᾶσιν ἐσεπλεύσαμεν ἐνενήκοντα τοῦ Μώγρου διέχοντα, ποταμῶν ὧν ἐγὼ ἔγνων κουφότατον ὕδωρ παρεχόμενον καὶ τὴν χρόαν μάλιστα ἐξηλλαγμένον.

8.2

τὴν μὲν γὰρ κουφότητα τῷ τε σταθμῷ τεκμαίροιτο ἄν τις , καὶ πρὸ τούτου, ὅτι ἐπιπλεῖ τῇ θαλάσσῃ, οὐχὶ δὲ συμμίγνυται, καθάπερ τῷ Πηνειῷ τὸν Τιταρήσιον λέγει ἐπιρρεῖν Ὅμηρος ʽκαθύπερθεν ἠύτʼ ἔλαιονʼ.

8.3

καὶ ἦν κατὰ μὲν τοῦ ἐπιρρέοντος βάψαντα γλυκὺ τὸ ὕδωρ ἀνιμήσασθαι, εἰ δὲ ἐς βάθος τις καθῆκεν τὴν κάλπιν, ἁλμυρόν. καίτοι ὁ πᾶς Πόντος πολύ τι γλυκυτέρου τοῦ ὑδατός ἐστιν ἤπερ ἡ ἔξω θάλασσα· καὶ τούτου τὸ αἴτιον οἱ ποταμοί εἰσιν, οὔτε πλῆθος οὔτε μέγεθος σταθμητοὶ ὄντες. τεκμήριον δὲ τῆς γλυκύτητος

8.4

εἰ τεκμηρίων δεῖ ἐπὶ τοῖς αἰσθήσει φαινομένοις, ὅτι πάντα τὰ βοσκήματα οἱ προσοικοῦντες τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν κατάγουσιν καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς ποτίζουσιν· τὰ δὲ πίνοντά τε ἡδέως ὁρᾶται, καὶ λόγος κατέχει ὅτι καὶ ὠφέλιμον αὐτοῖς τοῦτο τὸ ποτόν ἐστιν τοῦ γλυκέος μᾶλλον, ἡ δὲ χρόα τῷ Φάσιδι οἵα ἀπὸ μολίβδου ἢ κασσιτέρου

8.5

βεβαμμένου τοῦ ὕδατος· καταστὰν δὲ καθαρώτατον γίγνεται. οὐ τοίνυν νενόμισται ἐσκομίσαι ὕδωρ ἐς τὸν Φᾶσιν τοὺς ἐσπλέοντας, ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὰν ἐσβάλωσιν ἤδη ἐς τὸν ῥοῦν, παραγγέλλεται πᾶν ἐκχέαι τὸ ἐνὸν ὕδωρ ἐν ταῖς ναυσίν· εἰ δὲ μή, λόγος κατέχει ὅτι οἱ τούτου ἀμελήσαντες οὐκ εὐπλοοῦσιν. τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ τοῦ Φάσιδος οὐ σήπεται, ἀλλὰ μένει ἀκραιφνὲς καὶ ὑπὲρ δέκατον ἔτος, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι τὸ γλυκύτερον μεταβάλλει. ἐσβαλλόντων δὲ ἐς τὸν Φᾶσιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἵδρυται

9.1

ἡ Φασιανὴ θεός. εἴη δʼ ἂν ἀπό γε τοῦ σχήματος τεκμαιρομένῳ ἡ Ῥέα· καὶ γὰρ κύμβαλον μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχει καὶ λέοντας ὑπὸ τῷ θρόνῳ, καὶ κάθηται ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ Μητρῴῳ Ἀθήνησιν ἡ τοῦ Φειδίου. ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἡ

9.2

ἄγκυρα δείκνυται τῆς Ἀργοῦς. καὶ ἡ μὲν σιδηρᾶ οὐκ ἔδοξέ μοι εἶναι παλαιά — καίτοι τὸ μέγεθος οὐ κατὰ τὰς νῦν ἀγκύρας ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ σχῆμα ἀμηγέπη ἐξηλλαγμένη —, ἀλλὰ νεωτέρα μοι ἐφάνη εἶναι τοῦ χρόνου. λιθίνης δέ τινος ἄλλης θραύσματα ἐδείκνυτο παλαιά, ὡς ταῦτα μᾶλλον εἰκάσαι ἐκεῖνα εἶναι τὰ λείψανα τῆς ἀγκύρας τῆς Ἀργοῦς. ἄλλο δὲ οὐδὲν ὑπόμνημα ἦν ἐνταῦθα τῶν μύθων τῶν ἀμφὶ τὸν Ἰάσονα. τὸ μέντοι φρούριον

9.3

αὐτό, ἵναπερ κάθηνται τετρακόσιοι στρατιῶται ἐπίλεκτοι, τῇ τε φύσει τοῦ χώρου ὀχυρώτατον εἶναί μοι ἔδοξεν, καὶ ἐν ἐπιτηδειοτάτῳ κεῖσθαι πρὸς ἀσφάλειαν τῶν ταύτῃ πλεόντων. καὶ τάφρος διπλῆ περιβέβληται τῷ τείχει, εὐρεῖα ἑκατέρα.

9.4

πάλαι μὲν οὖν γήινον τὸ τεῖχος ἦν, καὶ πύργοι ξύλινοι ἐφειστήκεσαν· νῦν δὲ ἐκ πλίνθου ὀπτῆς πεποίηται καὶ αὐτὸ καὶ οἱ πύργοι· καὶ τεθεμελίωται ἀσφαλῶς, καὶ μηχαναὶ ἐφεστᾶσιν, καὶ ἑνὶ λόγῳ, πᾶσιν ἐξήρτυται πρὸς τὸ μηδὲ πελάσαι ἂν τινα αὐτῷ τῶν βαρβάρων, μήτι γε δὴ ἐς κίνδυνον καταστῆσαι πολιορκίας τοὺς ἐν αὐτῷ φρουροῦντας.

9.5

ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ τὸν ὅρμον ἐχρῆν ἀσφαλῆ εἶναι ταῖς ναυσὶ καὶ ὅσα ἔξω τοῦ φρουρίου κατῳκεῖτο ὑπό τε τῶν πεπαυμένων τῆς στρατιᾶς καί τινων καὶ ἄλλων ἐμπορικῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἔδοξέ μοι ἀπὸ τῆς διπλῆς τάφρου, ἣ περιβέβληται τῷ τείχει, ἄλλην τάφρον ἐμβαλεῖν ὡς ἐπὶ .τὸν ποταμόν, ἣ τό τε ναύσταθμον περιέξει καὶ τὰς ἔξω τοῦ τείχους οἰκίας.

10.1

ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Φάσιδος Χαρίεντα ποταμὸν παρημείψαμεν ναυσίπορον· στάδιοι μεταξὺ ἀμφοῖν ἐνενήκοντα. καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Χαρίεντος ἐς Χῶβον ποταμὸν ἐσεπλεύσαμεν ἄλλους ἐνενήκοντα, ἵναπερ καὶ ὡρμίσθημεν. ὧν δὲ ἕνεκα, καὶ ὅσα ἐνταῦθα ἐπράξαμεν, δηλώσει σοι τὰ Ῥωμαϊκὰ

10.2

γράμματα. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Χώβου Σιγγάμην ποταμὸν παρημείψαμεν ναυσίπορον· διέχει δὲ τοῦ Χώβου σταδίους ἐς δέκα καὶ διακοσίους μάλιστα. ἔχεται δὲ τοῦ Σιγγάμου Ταρσούρας ποταμός· στάδιοι εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν μεταξὺ ἀμφοῖν. ὁ δὲ Ἵππος ποταμὸς τοῦ Ταρσούρου πεντήκοντα σταδίους καὶ ἑκατὸν διέχει, καὶ τοῦ Ἵππου ὁ Ἀστέλεφος τριάκοντα.

10.3

παραμείψαντες δὲ τὸν Ἀστέλεφον ἐς Σεβαστόπολιν ἥκομεν πρὸ μεσημβρίας, ἀπὸ Χώβου ὁρμηθέντες, σταδίους εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν τοὺς ἀπὸ Ἀστελέφου, ὡς καὶ τὴν μισθοφορὰν τοῖς στρατιώταις δοῦναι τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρας, καὶ τοὺς ἵππους καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἰδεῖν καὶ τοὺς ἱππέας ἀναπηδῶντας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἵππους καὶ τοὺς κάμνοντας καὶ τὸν σῖτον, καὶ τὸ τεῖχος περιελθεῖν καὶ τὴν τάφρον. στάδιοι ἀπὸ Χώβου

10.4

ἐς Σεβαστόπολιν τριάκοντα καὶ ἑξακόσιοι· ἀπὸ Τραπεζοῦντος δὲ ἐς Σεβαστόπολιν ἑξήκοντα καὶ διακόσιοι καὶ δισχίλιοι. ἡ δὲ Σεβαστόπολις πάλαι Διοσκουριὰς ἐκαλεῖτο, ἄποικος Μιλησίων. ἔθνη δὲ παρημείψαμεν τάδε.

11.1

Τραπεζουντίοις μέν, καθάπερ καὶ Ξενοφῶν λέγει, Κόλχοι ὅμοροι. καὶ οὓς λέγει τοὺς μαχιμωτάτους καὶ ἐχθροτάτους εἶναι τοῖς Τραπεζουντίοις, ἐκεῖνος μὲν Δρίλας ὀνομάζει, ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκοῦσιν οἱ Σάννοι οὗτοι εἶναι. καὶ γὰρ μαχιμώτατοί εἰσιν ἐς τοῦτο ἔτι καὶ τοῖς Τραπεζουντίοις ἐχθρότατοι, καὶ χωρία ὀχυρὰ οἰκοῦσιν, ἔθνος ἀβασίλευτον καὶ πάλαι

11.2

μὲν καὶ φόρου ὑποτελὲς Ῥωμαίοις, ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦ λῃστεύειν οὐκ ἀκριβοῦσιν τὴν ἀποφοράν. ἀλλὰ νῦν γε διδόντος θεοῦ ἀκριβώσουσιν, ἢ ἐξελοῦμεν αὐτούς. τούτων δὲ ἔχονται Μάκρωνες καὶ Ἡνίοχοι· βασιλεὺς δʼ αὐτῶν Ἀγχίαλος. Μακρώνων δὲ καὶ Ἡνιόχων ἐχόμενοι Ζυδρεῖται· Φαρασμάνου οὗτοι ὑπήκοοι. Ζυδρειτῶν δὲ Λαζοί· βασιλεὺς δὲ Λαζῶν Μαλάσσας, ὃς τὴν βασιλείαν παρὰ σοῦ ἔχει. Λαζῶν δὲ Ἀψίλαι ἔχονται· βασιλεὺς

11.3

δὲ αὐτῶν Ἰουλιανός· οὗτος, ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ σοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχει. Ἀψίλαις δὲ ὅμοροι Ἀβασκοί· καὶ Ἀβασκῶν βασιλεὺς Ῥησμάγας· καὶ οὗτος παρὰ σοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχει. Ἀβασκῶν δὲ ἐχόμενοι Σανίγαι, ἵναπερ καὶ ἡ Σεβαστόπολις ᾤκισται· Σανιγῶν βασιλεὺς Σπαδάγας ἐκ σοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχει. — μέχρι μὲν δὴ

11.4

Άψάρου ὡς πρὸς ἕω ἐπλέομεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Εὐξείνου, ὁ δὲ Ἄψαρος πέρας ἐφάνη μοι εἶναι κατὰ μῆκος τοῦ Πόντου· ἔνθεν γὰρ ἤδη πρὸς ἄρκτον ὁ πλοῦς ἡμῖν ἐγίγνετο ἔστε ἐπὶ Χῶβον ποταμόν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸν Χῶβον ἐπὶ τὸν Σιγγάμην. ἀπὸ δὲ Σιγγάμου ἐκάμπτομεν ἐς τὴν λαιὰν πλευρὰν τοῦ Πόντου ἔστε ἐπὶ τὸν Ἵππον ποταμόν.

11.5

ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἵππου ὡς ἐπʼ Ἀστέλεφον καὶ Διοσκουριάδα κατείδομεν τὸν Καύκασον τὸ ὄρος, τὸ ὕψος μάλιστα κατὰ τὰς Ἄλπεις τὰς Κελτικάς. καὶ τοῦ Καυκάσου κορυφή τις ἐδείκνυτο — στρόβιλος τῇ κορυφῇ ὄνομα —, ἵναπερ ὁ Προμηθεὺς κρεμασθῆναι ὑπὸ Ἡφαίστου κατὰ πρόσταξιν Διὸς μυθεύεται.

12.1

τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ Βοσπόρου τοῦ Θρᾳκίου ἔστε ἐπὶ Τραπεζοῦντα πόλιν ὧδε ἔχει. κατὰ τὸν Θρᾴκιον Βόσπορον καὶ τὸ στόμα τοῦ Εὐξείνου Πόντου ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς τῆς Ἀσίας μέρεσιν, ἅπερ ἐστὶ τοῦ Βιθυνῶν ἔθνους, κεῖται χωρίον λεγόμενον Ἱερόν, ἐν ᾧ νεώς ἐστι Διὸς Οὐρίου οὕτω προσαγορευομένου. τοῦτο δὲ τὸ χωρίον ἀφετήριόν ἐστι τοῖς ἐς τὸν Πόντον πλέουσιν.

12.2

ἐσπλεύσαντι δὲ ἐς τὸν Πόντον, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ τὴν Ἀσίαν ἔχοντι καὶ περιπλέοντι τὸ ἐχόμενον μέρος τοῦ Βιθυνῶν ἔθνους τὸ πρὸς τὸν Πόντον κείμενον, ὁ περίπλους ὧδε ἔχει. τὸ Ἱερὸν τοὺ Διὸς τοῦ Οὐρίου διέχει ἀπὸ Βυζαντίου σταδίους εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν. καὶ ἔστιν Στενότατον ταύτῃ τὸ στόμα τοῦ Πόντου καλούμενον, καθʼ ὅ τι ἐσβάλλει

12.3

ἐς τὴν Προποντίδα. ταῦτα μὲν εἰδότι σοι λέγω. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἱεροῦ πλέοντι ἐν δεξιᾷ Ῥήβας ποταμός· σταδίους διέχει τοῦ Ἱεροῦ τοῦ Διὸς ἐνενήκοντα. ἔπειτα ἡ Μέλαινα ἄκρα ὧδε καλουμένη, πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἀπὸ Μελαίνης ἄκρας ἐς Ἀρτάνην ποταμόν, ἵνα καὶ ὅρμος ναυσὶ σμικραῖς πρὸς ἱερῷ Ἀφροδίτης, πεντήκοντα ἄλλοι καὶ ἑκατόν.

12.4

ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀρτάνου ἐς Ψίλλιν ποταμὸν πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν· καὶ πλοῖα σμικρὰ ὁρμίζοιτο ἂν πρὸς τῇ πέτρᾳ τῇ ἀνεχούσῃ οὐ πόρρω ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῶν ἐκβολῶν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κάλπης λιμένα δέκα καὶ διακόσιοι

12.5

στάδιοι. ὁ δὲ Κάλπης λιμὴν ὁποῖόν τι χωρίον ἐστιν καὶ ὁποῖος ὅρμος, καὶ ὅτι πηγὴ ἐν αὐτῷ ψυχροῦ καὶ καθαροῦ ὕδατος, καὶ ὅτι ὗλαι πρὸς τῇ θαλάσσῃ ξύλων ναυπηγησίμων, καὶ αὗται ἔνθηροι, ταῦτα Ξενοφῶντι τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ λέλεκται. ἀπὸ Κάλπης λιμένος ἐς Ῥόην στάδιοι εἴκοσιν· ὅρμος

13.1

ναυσὶ σμικραῖς. ἀπὸ Ῥόης ἐς Ἀπολλωνίαν νῆσον σμικράν, ὀλίγον διέχουσαν τῆς ἠπείρου, ἄλλοι εἴκοσι. λιμὴν ὑπὸ τῇ νησῖδι. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Χηλὰς στάδιοι εἴκοσιν. ἀπὸ Χηλῶν ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, ἵναπερ Σαγγάριος ποταμὸς ἐσβάλλει ἐς τὸν Πόντον. ἐνθένδε ἐς τοῦ Ὑπίου

13.2

τὰς ἐκβολὰς ἄλλοι ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐς δὲ Λίλλιον ἐμπόριον ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὑπίου στάδιοι ἑκατόν, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιλλίου ἐς Ἐλαῖον ἑξήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κάλητα, ἄλλο ἐμπόριον, εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν. ἀπὸ Κάλητος

13.3

ἐς Λύκον ποταμὸν ὀγδοήκοντα, ἀπὸ δὲ Λύκου ἐς Ἡράκλειαν πόλιν Ἑλληνίδα Δωρικήν, Μεγαρέων ἄποικον, στάδιοι εἴκοσιν. ἐν Ἡρακλείᾳ ὅρμος ναυσίν, ἀπὸ δὲ Ἡρακλείας ἐπὶ μὲν τὸ Μητρῷον καλούμενον στάδιοι ὀγδοήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς τὸ Ποσείδειον τεσσαράκοντα,

13.4

καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Τυνδαρίδας πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα, πέντε δὲ καὶ δέκα ἐνθένδε ἐπὶ τὸ Νυμφαῖον. καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Νυμφαίου ἐπὶ τὸν Ὀξίναν ποταμὸν τριάκοντα. καὶ ἀπὸ Ὀξίνα ἐς Σανδαράκην ἐνενήκοντα. Σανδαράκη ὅρμος ναυσὶ σμικραῖς. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κρηνίδας ἑξήκοντα.

13.5

καὶ ἀπὸ Κρηνίδων ἐς Ψύλλαν ἐμπόριον τριάκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς Τίον, πόλιν Ἑλληνίδα Ἰωνικήν, ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ οἰκουμένην, Μιλησίων καὶ ταύτην ἄποικον, ἐνενήκοντα. ἀπὸ δὲ Τίου ἐς Βιλλαῖον ποταμὸν στάδιοι εἴκοσιν. ἀπὸ δὲ Βιλλαίου ἐπὶ τὸν Παρθένιον ποταμὸν στάδιοι ἑκατόν. μέχρι τοῦδε Θρᾷκες οἱ Βιθυνοὶ νέμονται, ὧν καὶ Ξενοφῶν

13.6

ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ μνήμην ἐποιήσατο ὅτι μαχιμώτατοι εἶεν τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν, καὶ τὰ πολλὰ κακὰ ἡ στρατιὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὅτι ἐν τῇδε τῇ χώρᾳ ἔπαθεν, ἐπειδὴ ἀπεχωρίσθησαν οἱ Ἀρκάδες ἀπό τε τῆς Χειρισόφου καὶ τῆς Ξενοφῶντος μερίδος.

14.1

τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦδε ἤδη Παφλαγονία. ἀπὸ Παρθενίου ἐς Ἄμαστριν πόλιν Ἑλληνίδα στάδιοι ἐνενήκοντα· ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Ἐρυθίνους ἑξήκοντα. καὶ ἀπὸ

14.2

Ἐρυθίνων ἐς Κρῶμναν ἄλλοι ἐξήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κύτωρον ἐνενήκοντα. ὅρμος ναυσὶν ἐν Κυτώρῳ. καὶ ἀπὸ Κυτώρου ἐς Αἰγιαλοὺς ἑξήκοντα. ἐς δὲ Θύμηνα ἐνενήκοντα. καὶ ἐς Κάραμβιν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν.

14.3

ἐνθένδε ἐς Ζεφύριον ἑξήκοντα. ἀπὸ δὲ Ζεφυρίου ἐς Ἀβώνου τεῖχος, πόλιν σμικράν, πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν· ὅρμος ναυσὶν οὐκ ἀσφαλής, σαλεύοιεν δʼ ἂν ἀπαθεῖς, εἰ μὴ μέγας χειμὼν κατάσχοι. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀβώνου τείχους ἐς Αἰγινήτην ἄλλοι πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κίνωλιν ἐμπόριον ἄλλοι ἑξήκοντα. καὶ ἐν Κινώλι σαλεύοιεν ἂν νῆες ὥρᾳ ἔτους. ἀπὸ δὲ Κινώλιος ἐς Σιεφάνην

14.4

ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν· ὅρμος ναυσὶν ἀσφαλής. ἀπὸ δὲ Στεφάνης ἐς Ποταμοὺς πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Λεπτὴν ἄκραν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσιν. ἀπὸ δὲ Λεπτῆς ἄκρας ἐς Ἁρμένην ἑξήκοντα· λιμὴν αὐτόθι. καὶ

14.5

Ξενοφῶν τῆς Ἁρμένης ἐμνημόνευσεν. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Σινώπην στάδιοι τεσσαράκοντα· Σινωπῆς Μιλησίων ἄποικοι. ἀπὸ δὲ Σινώπης ἐς Κάρουσαν πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν· σάλος ναυσίν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Ζάγωρα ἄλλοι αὖ πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς τὸν Ἅλυν ποταμὸν τριακόσιοι.

15.1

οὗτος ὁ ποταμὸς πάλαι μὲν ὅρος ἦν τῆς Κροἵ??ʼου βασιλείας καὶ τῆς Περσῶν, νῦν δὲ ὑπὸ τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἐπικρατείᾳ ῥεῖ, οὐκ ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας, ὡς λέγει Ἡρόδοτος, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ ἀνίσχοντος ἡλίου. καθʼ ὅ τι δὲ ἐσβάλλει ἐς τὸν Πόντον, ὁρίζει τὰ Σινωπέων καὶ Ἀμισηνῶν ἔργα.

15.2

ἀπὸ δὲ Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ ἐς Ναύσταθμον στάδιοι ἐνενήκοντα, ἵναπερ καὶ λίμνη ἐστίν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κωνώπιον ἄλλην λίμνην ἄλλοι αὖ πεντήκοντα. ἀπὸ σὲ Κωνωπίου ἐς Εὐσήνην ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσιν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Ἀμισὸν

15.3

ἑκατὸν καὶ ἑξήκοντα. Ἀμισός, πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Ἀθηναίων ἄποικος, ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ οἰκεῖται. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀμισοῦ ἐς Ἀγκῶνα λιμένα, ἵναπερ καὶ ὁ Ἶρις ἐσβάλλει ἐς τὸν Πόντον, στάδιοι ἐξήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἴριος τῶν ἐκβολῶν ἐς Ἡράκλειον ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσιοι· ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἐνθένδε ἐπὶ τὸν Θερμώδοντα ποταμὸν τεσσαράκοντα. οὗτος ὁ Θερμώδων ἐστίν, ἵναπερ αἱ Ἀμαζόνες οἰκῆσαι λέγονται. ἀπὸ δὲ Θερμώδοντος ἐς Βῆριν ποταμὸν στάδιοι ἐνενήκοντα.

16.1

ἐνθένδε ἐς Θόαριν ποταμὸν ἐξήκοντα. ἀπὸδὲ Θοάριος ἐς Οἰνόην τριάκοντα. ἀπὸ Οἰνόης ἐς Φιγαμοῦντα ποταμὸν τεσσαράκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς Φαδισάνην φρούριον πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Πολεμώνιον

16.2

πόλιν στάδιοι δέκα. ἀπὸ Πολεμωνίου ἐς ἄκραν Ἰασόνιον καλουμένην στάδιοι τριάκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κιλίκων νῆσον πεντεκαίδεκα στάδιοι. ἀπὸ

16.3

δὲ Κιλίκων νήσου ἐς Βοῶνα πέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα. ἐν Βοῶνι ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κοτύωρα ἐνενήκοντα. ταύτης ὡς πόλεως Ξενοφῶν ἐμνημόνευσεν, καὶ λέγει Σινωπέων ἄποικον εἶναι· νῦν δὲ κώμη ἐστίν, καὶ οὐδὲ αὐτὴ μεγάλη. ἀπὸ Κοτυώρων ἐς Μελάνθιον ποταμὸν στάδιοι μάλιστα ἑξήκοντα. ἐνδένδε ἐς Φαρματηνὸν ἄλλον ποταμὸν πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Φαρνακίαν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν. αὕτη ἡ Φαρνακία πάλαι

16.4

Κερασοῦς ἐκαλεῖτο, Σινωπέων καὶ αὕτη ἄποικος. ἐνθένδε ἐς τὴν Ἀρητιάδα νῆσον τριάκοντα. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Ζεφύριον εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν· ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἀπὸ δὲ Ζεφυρίου ἐς Τρίπολιν στάδιοι ἐνενήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς τὰ Ἀργύρια στάδιοι εἴκοσιν. ἐκ δὲ τῶν Ἀργυρίων ἐς

16.5

Φιλοκάλειαν ἐνενήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς Κόραλλα ἑκατόν. ἀπὸ δὲ Κοράλλων ἐς Ἱερὸν ὄρος πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἱεροῦ ὄρους ἐς Κορδύλην τεσσαράκοντα·

16.6

ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἀπὸ δὲ Κορδύλης ἐς Ἑρμώνασσαν πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα. καὶ δεῦρο ὅρμος. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἑρμωνάσσης ἐς Τραπεζοῦντα στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα. ἐνταῦθα σὺ ποιεῖς λιμένα· πάλαι γάρ, ὅσον ἀποσαλεύειν ὥρᾳ ἔτους, ὅρμος ᾖν.

17.1

τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ Τραπεζοῦντος διαστήματα μέχρι Διοσκουριάδος προείρηται διὰ τῶν ποταμῶν ἀναμετρηθέντα. ἀθροίζονται δὲ ἀπὸ Τραπεζοῦντος ἐς Διοσκουριάδα, τὴν νῦν Σεβαστόπολιν καλουμένην, στάδιοι δισχίλιοι διακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα.

17.2

τάδε μὲν τὰ ἀπὸ Βυζαντίου πλεόντων ἐν δεξιᾶ ὡς ἐπὶ Διοσκουριάδα, ἐς ὅπερ στρατόπεδον τελευτᾷ Ῥωμαίοις ἡ ἐπικράτεια ἐν δεξιᾷ ἐσπλεόντων

17.3

ἐς τὸν Πόντον. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐπυθόμην Κότυν τετελευτηκέναι, τὸν βασιλέα τοῦ Βοσπόρου τοῦ Κιμμερίου καλουμένου ἐπιμελὲς ἐποιησάμην καὶ τὸν μέχρι τοῦ Βοσπόρου πλοῦν δηλῶσαί σοι, ὡς, εἴ τι βουλεύοιο περὶ τοῦ Βοσπόρου, ὑπάρχει σοι καὶ τόνδε τὸν πλοῦν μὴ ἀγνοοῦντι βουλεύεσθαι.

18.1

ὁρμηθεῖσιν οὖν ἐκ Διοσκουριάδος πρῶτος ἂν εἴη ὅρμος ἐν Πιτυοῦντι· στάδιοι τριακόσιοι πεντήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς τὴν Νιτικὴν στάδιοι πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, ἵναπερ πάλαι ᾤκει ἔθνος Σκυθικόν, οὗ μνήμην ποιεῖται

18.2

ὁ λογοποιὸς Ἡρόδοτος, καὶ λέγει τούτους εἶναι τοὺς φθειροτρωκτέοντας, καὶ ἐς τοῦτο ἔτι ἡ δόξα ἡ αὐτὴ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν κατέχει. ἐκ δὲ Νιτικῆς ἐς Ἄβασκον ποταμὸν στάδιοι ἐνενήκοντα. ὁ δὲ Βόργυς τοῦ Ἀβάσκου διέχει σταδίους ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσιν, καὶ ὁ Νῆσις τοῦ Βόργυος, ἵναπερ καὶ Ἡράκλεια ἄκρα ἀνέχει, σταδίους ἑξήκοντα. ἀπὸ δὲ Νήσιος ἐς Μασαϊτικὴν στάδιοι ἐνενήκοντα.

18.3

ἐνθένδε ἐς Ἀχαιοῦντα στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα, ὅσπερ ποταμὸς διορίζει Ζιλχοὺς καὶ Σανίγας. Ζιλχῶν βασιλεὺς Σταχέμφαξ· καὶ οὗτος παρὰ σοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔσχεν. ἀπὸ Ἀχαιοῦντος ἐς Ἡράκλειαν ἄκραν πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν στάδιοι. ἐνθένδε ἐς ἄκραν, ἵναπερ σκέπη ἐστὶν ἀνέμου θρᾳσκίου καὶ βορρᾶ, ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς τὴν καλουμένην Παλαιὰν Λαζικὴν

18.4

εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν στάδιοι. ἐνθένδε ἐς τὴν Παλαιὰν Ἀχαΐαν πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Πάγρας λιμένα πεντήκοντα καὶ τριακόσιοι. ἀπὸ δὲ Παγρῶν λιμένος ἐς Ἱερὸν λιμένα ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Σινδικὴν τριακόσιοι. ἀπὸ σὲ Σινδικῆς ἐς Βόσπορον τὸν Κιμμέριον καλούμενον

19.1

καὶ πόλιν τοῦ Βοσπόρου Παντικάπαιον τεσσαράκοντα καὶ πεντακόσιοι. ἐνθένδε ἐπὶ Τάναϊν ποταμὸν ἑξήκοντα, ὃς λέγεται ὁρίζειν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσίας τὴν Εὐρώπην. καὶ ὁρμᾶται μὲν ἀπὸ λίμνης τῆς Μαιώτιδος, ἐσβάλλει δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν τὴν τοῦ Εὐξείνου Πόντου. καίτοι Αἰσχύλος ἐν Προμηθεῖ Λυομένῳ τὸν Φᾶσιν ὅρον

19.2

τῆς Εὐρώπης καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας ποιεῖ. λέγουσι γοῦν αὐτῷ οἱ Τιτᾶνες πρὸς τὸν Προμηθέα ὅτι ἥκομεν τοὺς σοὺς ἄθλους τούσδε, Προμηθεῦ, δεσμοῦ τε πάθος τόδʼ ἐποψόμενοι. ἔπειτα καταλέγουσιν ὅσην χώραν ἐπῆλθον· τῇ μὲν δίδυμον χθονὸς Εὐρώπης μέγαν ἠδʼ Ἀσίας τέρμονα Φᾶσιν. τῆς δὲ λίμνης τῆς Μαιώτιδος περίπλους ἐν κύκλῳ λέγεται

19.3

σταδίων ἀμφὶ τοὺς ἐνακισχιλίους. ἀπὸ δὲ Παντικαπαίου ἐς κώμην Καζέκα ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ᾠκισμένην στάδιοι εἴκοσι καὶ τετρακόσιοι. ἐνθένδε ἐς Θευδοσίαν πόλιν ἐρήμην στάδιοι ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ διακόσιοι. καὶ

19.4

αὕτη παλαιὰ ἦν Ἑλλὰς πόλις Ἰωνική, Μιλησίων ἄποικος, καὶ μνήμη ἐστὶν αὐτῆς ἐν πολλοῖς γράμμασιν. ἐνθένδε ἐς λιμένα Σκυθοταύρων ἔρημον στάδιοι διακόσιοι· καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Λαμπάδα τῆς Ταυρικῆς στάδιοι ἑξακόσιοι.

19.5

ἀπὸ δὲ Λαμπάδος ἐς Συμβόλου λιμένα, Ταυρικὸν καὶ τοῦτον, στάδιοι εἴκοσι καὶ πεντακόσιοι. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Χερρόνησον τῆς Ταυρικῆς ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. ἀπὸ δὲ Χερρονήσου ἐς Καρκινῖτιν στάδιοι ἑξακόσιοι, καὶ ἀπὸ Καρκινίτιδος ἐς Καλὸν λιμένα, Σκυθικὸν καὶ τοῦτον, ἄλλοι ἑπτακόσιοι.

20.1

ἐκ δὲ Καλοῦ λιμένος ἐς Ταμυράκην τριακόσιοι· ἔσω δὲ τῆς Ταμυράκης λίμνη ἐστὶν οὐ μεγάλη. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς τὰς ἐκροὰς τῆς λίμνης ἄλλοι τριακόσιοι. ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἐκροῶν τῆς λίμνης ἐς Ἠϊόνας στάδιοι ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ τριακόσιοι. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς ποταμὸν Βορυσθένην πεντήκοντα

20.2

καὶ ἑκατόν. κατὰ δὲ τὸν Βορυσθένην ἄνω πλέοντι πόλις Ἑλλὰς ἄνομα Ὀλβία πεπόλισται. ἀπὸ δὲ Βορυσθένους σθένους ἐπὶ νῆσον σμικράν, ἐρήμην καὶ ἀνώνυμον, στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Ὀδησσὸν ὀγδοήκοντα. ἐν Ὀδησσῷ ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἀπὸ δὲ Ὀδησσοῦ ἔχεται Ἰστριανῶν λιμήν. στάδιοι ἐς αὐτὸν πεντήκοντα καὶ διακόσιοι.

20.3

ἐνθένδε ἔχεται Ἰσιακῶν λιμήν. στάδιοι ἐς αὐτὸν πεντήκοντα. καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς τὸ Ψιλὸν καλούμενον στόμα τοῦ Ἴστρου διακόσιοι καὶ χίλιοι. τὰ δὲ ἐν μέσῳ ἔρημα καὶ ἀνώνυμα.

21.1

κατὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα τὸ στόμα ἐπʼ εὐθὺ πλέοντι ἀνέμῳ ἀπαρκτίᾳ ἰδίως τό πέλαγος νῆσος πρόκειται, ἥντινα οἳ μὲν Ἀχιλλέως νῆσον, οἳ δὲ Δρόμον Ἀχιλλέως, οἳ δὲ Λευκὴν ἐπὶ τῆς χρόας ὀνομάζουσιν. ταύτην λέγεται Θέτις ἀνεῖναι τῷ παιδί, καὶ ταύτην οἰκεῖν τὸν Ἀχιλλέα. καὶ νεώς ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῇ τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως, καὶ ξόανον τῆς παλαιᾶς ἐργασίας.

21.2

ἡ δὲ νῆσος ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἐρήμη ἐστίν, νέμεται δὲ αἰξὶν οὐ πολλαῖς. καὶ ταύτας ἀνατιθέναι λέγονται τῷ Ἀχιλλεῖ ὅσοι προσίσχουσι. καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ ἀναθήματα ἀνάκειται ἐν τῷ νεῷ, φιάλαι καὶ δακτύλιοι καὶ λίθοι τῶν πολυτελεστέρων, καὶ ἐπιγράμματα, τὰ μὲν Ῥωμαῖκῶς τὰ Ἑλληνικῶς πεποιημένα ἐν ἄλλῳ καὶ ἄλλῳ μέτρῳ, ἔπαινοι τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως. ἔστιν δὲ ἃ καὶ

21.3

τοῦ Πατρόκλου· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸν Πάτροκλον τιμῶσιν σὺν τῷ Ἀχιλλεῖ ὅσοι τῷ Ἀχιλλεῖ χαρίζεσθαι ἐθέλουσιν. ὄρνιθες δὲ πολλοὶ αὐλίζονται ἐν τῇ νήσῳ, λάροι καὶ αἴθυιαι καὶ κορῶναι αἱ θαλάσσιαι τὸ πλῆθος οὐ σταθμητοί. οὗτοι οἱ ὄρνιθες θεραπεύουσιν τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως τὸν

21.4

νεών. ἕωθεν ὁσημέραι καταπέτονται ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν· ἔπειτα ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης βεβρεγμένοι τὰ πτερὰ σπουδῇ αὖ ἐσπέτονται ἐς τὸν νεών, καὶ ῥαίνουσιν τὸν νεών. ἐπειδὰν δὲ καλῶς ἔχῃ, οἳ δὲ ἐκκαλλύνουσιν αὖ τὸ ἔδαφος τοῖς πτεροῖς. οἳ δὲ καὶ τάδε ἱστοροῦσιν. τῶν προσεσχηκότων τῇ

22.1

νήσῳ ἱερεῖα τοὺς μὲν ἐξεπίτηδες πλέοντας ἐς αὐτὴν ἐπὶ ταῖς ναυσὶν κομίζειν, καὶ τούτων τὰ μὲν καταθύειν τὰ δὲ ἀφιέναι τῷ Ἀχιλλεῖ· τοὺς δέ τινας ὑπὸ χειμῶνος

22.2

ἐξαναγκασθέντας προσέχειν, καὶ τούτους παρʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ αἰτεῖν ἱερεῖον, χρωμένους περὶ τῶν ἱερείων, εἰ λῷόν σφισιν καὶ ἄμεινον θῦσαι ὅτι περ ἂν αὐτοὶ τῇ γνώμῃ ἐπιλέξαιντο νεμόμενον, τιμὴν ἅμα καταβάλλοντες τὴν ἀξίαν σφίσιν δοκοῦσαν. εἰ δὲ ἀπαγορεύοι ὁ

22.3

χρησμός — εἶναι γὰρ χρησμοὺς ἐν τῷ νεῷ —, προσβάλλειν τῇ τιμῇ· εἰ δὲ ἔτι ἀπαγορεύοι, ἔτι προσβάλλειν. συγχωρήσαντος δὲ γιγνώσκειν ὅτι ἀποχρῶσα ἡ τιμή ἐστιν. τὸ δὲ ἱερεῖον ἵστασθαι ἐπὶ τῷδε αὐτόματον, μηδὲ

22.4

ἀποφεύγειν ἔτι. καὶ τοῦτο δὴ πολὺ ἀνακεῖσθαι τὸ ἀργύριον τῷ ἥρῳ τὰς τιμὰς τῶν ἱερείων.

23.1

φαίνεσθαι δὲ ἐνύπνιον τὸν Ἀχιλλέα τοῖς μὲν προσσχοῦσι τῇ νήσῳ, τοῖς δὲ καὶ πλέουσιν, ἐπειδὰν οὐ πόρρω αὐτῆς ἀπόσχωσιν, καὶ φράζειν ὅποι προσσχεῖν τῆς νήσου ἄμεινον καὶ ὅποι ὁρμίσασθαι. οἳ δὲ καὶ ὕπαρ λέγουσιν φανῆναί σφισιν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱστοῦ ἢ ἐπʼ ἄκρου τοῦ

23.2

κέρως τὸν Ἀχιλλέα, καθάπερ τοὺς Διοσκόρους· τοσόνδε μόνον τῶν Διοσκόρων μεῖον ἔχειν τὸν Ἀχιλλέα, ὅσον οἱ μὲν Διόσκοροι τοῖς πανταχοῦ πλωιζομένοις ἐναργεῖς φαίνονται καὶ φανέντες σωτῆρες γίγνονται, ὃ δὲ τοῖς πελάζουσιν ἤδη τῇ νήσῳ. οἳ δὲ καὶ τὸν Πάτροκλόν

23.3

σφισιν ὀφθῆναι ἐνύπνιον λέγουσιν. τάδε μὲν ὑπὲρ τῆς νήσου τῆς τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως ἀκοὴν ἀνέγραψα τῶν ἢ αὐτῶν προσσχόντων ἢ ἄλλων πεπυσμένων· καί μοι δοκεῖ οὐκ ἄπιστα εἶναι.

23.4

Ἀχιλλέα γὰρ ἐγὼ πείθομαι εἴπερ τινὰ καὶ ἄλλον ἥρω εἶναι, τῇ τε εὐγενείᾳ τεκμαιρόμενος καὶ τῷ κάλλει καὶ τῇ ῥώμῃ τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τῷ νέον μεταλλάξαι ἐξ ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῇ Ὁμήρου ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ποιήσει καὶ τῷ ἐρωτικὸν γενέσθαι καὶ φιλέταιρον, ὡς καὶ ἐπαποθανεῖν ἑλέσθαι τοῖς παιδικοῖς.

24.1

ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ψιλοῦ καλουμένου στόματος τοῦ Ἴστρου ἐς τὸ δεύτερον στόμα στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐπὶ τὸ Καλὸν καλούμενον στόμα στάδιοι τεσσαράκοντα. καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Καλοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ Νάρακον ὧδε ὀνομαζόμενον στόμα τέταρτον τοῦ Ἴστρου στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα.

24.2

ἐνθένδε ἐπὶ τὸ πέμπτον εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν, καὶ ἔνθεν ἐς Ἰστρίαν πόλιν στάδιοι πεντακόσιοι. ἐνθένδε ἐς Τομέα πόλιν στάδιοι τριακόσιοι.

24.3

ἀπὸ δὲ Τομέως ἐς Κάλλατιν πόλιν ἄλλοι τριακόσιοι· ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Καρῶν λιμένα ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν· καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐν κύκλῳ τοῦ λιμένος Καρία κλῄζεται. ἀπὸ δὲ Καρῶν λιμένος ἐς Τετρισιάδα στάδιοι εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν. ἐνθένδε ἐς Βιζώνην χῶρον ἔρημον στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα.

24.4

ἀπὸ δὲ Βιζώνης ἐς Διονυσόπολιν στάδιοι ὀγδοήκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς Ὀδησσὸν διακόσιοι· ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἐκ δὲ Ὀδησσοῦ ἐς τοῦ Αἵμου τὰς ὑπωρείας, αἳ δὴ ἐς τὸν Πόντον καθήκουσιν, στάδιοι τριακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα. καὶ δεῦρο ὅρμος ναυσίν. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Αἵμου ἐς Μεσημβρίαν πόλιν ἐνενήκοντα·

24.5

ὅρμος ναυσίν. καὶ ἐκ Μεσημβρίας ἐς Ἀγχίαλον πόλιν στάδιοι ἑβδομήκοντα, καὶ ἐξ Ἀγχιάλου ἐς Ἀπολλωνίαν ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν. αὗται πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις Ἑλληνίδες

24.6

εἰσίν, ᾠκισμέναι ἐν τῇ Σκυθίᾳ, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἐσπλέοντι ἐς τὸν Πόντον. ἐκ δὲ Ἀπολλωνίας ἐς Χερρόνησον στάδιοι ἑξήκοντα· ὅρμος ναυσίν. καὶ ἐκ Χερρονήσου ἐς Αὐλαίου τεῖχος πεντήκοντα καὶ διακόσιοι. ἐνθένδε ἐς Θυνιάδα ἀκτὴν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν. ἀπὸ δὲ Θυνιάδος ἐς Σαλμυδησσὸν στάδιοι διακόσιοι.

25.1

τούτου τοῦ χωρίου μνήμην πεποίηται Ξενοφῶν ὁ πρεσβύτερος, καὶ μέχρι τούτου λέγει τὴν στρατιὰν ἐλθεῖν τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἧς αὐτὸς ἡγήσατο, ὅτε τὰ τελευταῖα σὺν Σεύθῃ τῷ Θρᾳκὶ ἐστράτευσεν. καὶ περὶ τὴς ἀλιμενότητος τοῦ

25.2

χωρίου πολλὰ ἀνέγραψεν, ὅτι ἐνταῦθα ἐκπίπτει τὰ πλοῖα χειμῶνι βιαζόμενα, καὶ οἱ Θρᾷκες οἱ πρόσχωροι ὅτι ὑπὲρ τῶν ναυαγίων ἐν σφίσιν διαμάχονται. ἀπὸ δὲ Σαλμυδησσοῦ

25.3

ἐς Φρυγίαν στάδιοι τριάκοντα καὶ τριακόσιοι. ἐνθένδε ἐπὶ Κυανέας εἴκοσι καὶ τριακόσιοι. αὗται δὲ αἱ Κυάνεαί εἰσιν, ἃς λέγουσιν οἱ ποιηταὶ πλαγκτὰς πάλαι εἶναι, καὶ διὰ τούτων πρώτην ναῦν περᾶσαι τὴν Ἀργώ, ἥτις ἐς Κόλχους Ἰάσονα ἤγαγεν ἐκ δὲ Κυανέων ἐπὶ τὸ

25.4

ἱερὸν τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Οὐρίου, ἵναπερ τὸ στόμα τοῦ Πόντου, στάδιοι τεσσαράκοντα. ἐνθένδε ἐς λιμένα Δάφνης τῆς Μαινομένης καλουμένης στάδιοι τεσσαράκοντα. ἀπὸ δὲ Δάφνης ἐς Βυζάντιον ὀγδοήκοντα. τάδε μὲν καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ Βοσπόρου τοῦ Κιμμερίου ἐπὶ Βόσπορον τὸν Θρᾴκιον καὶ πόλιν Βυζάντιον.

Source Colophon

Greek source inspected from the Perseus canonical Greek XML for Arrian, Periplus Ponti Euxini, tlg0074.tlg006.perseus-grc1, in Rudolf Hercher and Alfred Eberhard, Arriani Nicomediensis Scripta Minora, Leipzig: Teubner, 1885, as preserved by the Perseus Digital Library. The English rendering above is newly prepared from the Greek, with Falconer's public-domain English translation used only as a control.

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