Library of History 2.43-47

This is a Good Works Translation produced by the New Tianmu Anglican Church from the Ancient Greek text of Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 2.43-47.

Diodorus gives Scythia a world-historical scale: an origin myth, expansion from the Araxes to Caucasus, Maeotis, Tanais, Thrace, Egypt, the Saka, Massagetae, Arimaspi, Sauromatae, the Amazon monarchy, and the northern sacred geography of the Hyperboreans.

The translation is newly made from the Greek source text printed below. Public-domain English versions are used only as controls.

Translation

Chapter 43

Now in turn we shall go through the Scythians who inhabit the neighboring country. In the beginning they occupied only a little land, but afterward, growing little by little through their strength and courage, they acquired much territory and brought their nation forward into great rule and glory.

At first, then, they lived by the river Araxes, very few in number and despised because they had no fame. But having among their ancient kings one who loved war and was outstanding in generalship, they gained additional territory: in the mountain country as far as the Caucasus, and in the plains the lands along the Ocean, Lake Maeotis, and the rest of the country as far as the river Tanais.

Later, the Scythians tell a myth that among them there was born a maiden sprung from the earth. The upper parts of her body, down to the waist, were those of a woman; the lower parts were those of a serpent. Zeus joined with her and begot a child named Scythes. He became the most famous of all before him and named the peoples Scythians after himself. Among the descendants of this king there were two brothers distinguished in excellence, one named Palus and the other Napes.

When these brothers had accomplished notable deeds and divided the kingship, the peoples were named from each of them, some Pali and others Napae. After some time, the descendants of these kings, surpassing others in courage and generalship, subdued much country beyond the river Tanais as far as Thrace; and campaigning in the other direction, they stretched their power as far as the Nile in Egypt.

They enslaved many great peoples between these limits and advanced the rule of the Scythians in one direction to the eastern Ocean, and in the other to the Caspian Sea and Lake Maeotis. This nation grew to great strength and had notable kings, from whom some peoples were named Saka, others Massagetae, others Arimaspi, and many more in the same way.

By these kings many of the other nations conquered in war were moved from their homes, and two very great colonies came into being: one from the Assyrians, moved into the country between Paphlagonia and Pontus; the other from Media, settled by the Tanais, whose people were named Sauromatae.

Many years later these Sauromatae grew strong, ravaged much of Scythia, utterly destroyed those whom they conquered, and made the greater part of the country a desert.

Chapter 44

After this, when anarchy arose throughout Scythia, women outstanding in strength became rulers. Among these peoples the women train for war in a manner like the men and are in no way inferior to the men in acts of courage. Therefore many great deeds have been accomplished by famous women, not only in Scythia but also in the country bordering it.

For when Cyrus, king of the Persians, the strongest ruler of his time, campaigned into Scythia with notable forces, the queen of the Scythians cut down the Persian army and, after Cyrus had become her captive, crucified him. The organized nation of the Amazons excelled so greatly in courage that it not only overran much neighboring country but also subdued much of Europe and Asia.

Since we have mentioned the Amazons, we think it not inappropriate to go through their story, even if, because of its strangeness, what is said will seem like myth.

Chapter 45

Along the river Thermodon, then, the story says, a nation was ruled by women, and the women handled the work of war in the same way as the men. One of these women, possessing royal authority, excelled in courage and bodily strength; she formed an army of women, trained it, and conquered some of the neighboring peoples in war.

As her excellence and fame kept increasing, she campaigned continually against the peoples nearby; and since fortune flowed favorably for her, she became full of pride and called herself daughter of Ares. To the men she assigned wool-working and the other household tasks that belong to women. She also set down laws by which she led the women out to the contests of war and fastened humiliation and slavery upon the men.

As for the children born, they maimed the males in their legs and arms, making them useless for the demands of war; and of the females they burned the right breast, so that when their bodies matured it would not rise and hinder them. For this reason the nation of the Amazons came to receive this name.

In general, being outstanding in intelligence and generalship, this queen founded a great city at the mouths of the river Thermodon, named Themiscyra, and built famous royal halls. In her campaigns she gave great care to good order, and at first she conquered all her neighbors as far as the river Tanais.

They say that this woman, after accomplishing these deeds and fighting brilliantly in a certain battle, ended her life heroically.

Chapter 46

Her daughter succeeded to the kingship, emulated her mother's excellence, and surpassed her in particular deeds. She trained the maidens from their earliest age in the hunts and exercised them every day in the things belonging to war; she also appointed magnificent sacrifices for Ares and for Artemis called Tauropolos.

Campaigning into the country beyond the river Tanais, she conquered all the adjoining peoples as far as Thrace. Returning to her own land with much spoil, she built magnificent temples of the gods just named, and because she ruled those subject to her with fairness, she received the greatest approval. She also campaigned in the other direction, acquired much of Asia, and stretched her power as far as Syria.

After her death, women belonging to the same family continually succeeded to the kingship. They ruled with distinction and increased the nation of the Amazons in power and glory. Many generations later, when the excellence of these women had been proclaimed throughout the whole inhabited world, Heracles, son of Alcmene and Zeus, is said to have received from Eurystheus the labor of bringing back the girdle of Hippolyte the Amazon.

For this reason he campaigned against them. Victorious in a great battle, he cut down the army of the Amazons and, capturing Hippolyte with the girdle, utterly crushed this nation. Therefore the neighboring barbarians, despising their weakness and remembering the wrongs they had suffered from them, made continuous war on the nation to such a degree that they did not leave even the name of the Amazon race.

Only a few years after Heracles' campaign, during the Trojan War, they say that Penthesileia, queen of the Amazons who remained, daughter of Ares, committed a murder of her own kin and fled from her homeland because of the pollution. After Hector's death she fought as an ally of the Trojans, slew many of the Greeks, distinguished herself in the battle-line, and brought her life to an heroic end when she was killed by Achilles.

They say that Penthesileia was the last of the Amazons to surpass others in courage. From then on, the nation was continually humbled and became altogether weak. For this reason in later times, whenever some writers go through the stories of their courage, people consider the ancient accounts of the Amazons to be fabricated myths.

Chapter 47

Since we have thought the northern-leaning parts of Asia worthy of description, we think it not inappropriate to go through the myths told about the Hyperboreans. Of those who have written down the ancient mythologies, Hecataeus and certain others say that in the regions opposite Celtica, out in the Ocean, there is an island no smaller than Sicily. It lies under the north, they say, and is inhabited by those called Hyperboreans because they dwell beyond the blowing of the north wind. The island is good in soil and bears every crop; it is also remarkable for its temperate climate and produces two harvests each year.

They tell the myth that Leto was born on this island; for this reason Apollo is honored among them above the other gods. They are, as it were, priests of Apollo, because every day this god is continually hymned by them with song and honored beyond all others. On the island there is also a magnificent sacred precinct of Apollo and a notable temple adorned with many votive offerings, spherical in shape.

There is also a city sacred to this god. Most of those who inhabit it are cithara-players, and continually in the temple they play the cithara and sing hymns to the god, magnifying his deeds.

The Hyperboreans have a certain language of their own, and they are most closely disposed toward the Greeks, especially toward the Athenians and Delians, having inherited this goodwill from ancient times. They also tell the myth that certain Greeks crossed over to the Hyperboreans and left costly votive offerings inscribed with Greek letters.

In the same way, Abaris came in ancient times from the Hyperboreans into Greece and renewed the goodwill and kinship with the Delians. They say also that the moon, seen from this island, appears to be altogether a little distance from the earth and to have upon it certain earthlike prominences visible to the eye.

It is also said that the god comes to the island every nineteen years, in which period the returns of the stars are brought to completion; and for this reason the nineteen-year span is called by the Greeks the year of Meton.

During this appearance the god plays the cithara and dances continuously through the nights from the spring equinox until the rising of the Pleiad, rejoicing in his own successes. The kings of this city and the overseers of the sacred precinct are called Boreadae, being descendants of Boreas, and they always succeed to the offices by family descent.

Colophon

This Good Works Translation was prepared for the Scythian shelf by the New Tianmu Anglican Church from the Greek source text printed below. The translation was made against the Greek Books 1-5 text as preserved in the Perseus canonical Greek XML, with the public-domain LacusCurtius English used only as a control.

The Greek source text at 2.44.1 preserves a repeated phrase, αἱ γυναῖκες ἀλκῇ διαφέρουσαι, in the XML witness. The translation renders the sense once.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης, Βιβλιοθήκη Ἱστορική 2.43-47

Greek source text from Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, Book 2, chapters 43-47. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

2.43.1

περὶ δὲ τῶν Σκυθῶν τῶν οἰκούντων τὴν ὅμορον χώραν ἐν μέρει διέξιμεν. οὗτοι γὰρ τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὀλίγην ἐνέμοντο χώραν, ὕστερον δὲ κατʼ ὀλίγον αὐξηθέντες διὰ τὰς ἀλκὰς καὶ τὴν ἀνδρείαν πολλὴν μὲν κατεκτήσαντο χώραν, τὸ δʼ ἔθνος εἰς μεγάλην ἡγεμονίαν καὶ δόξαν προήγαγον.

2.43.2

τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον παρὰ τὸν Ἀράξην ποταμὸν ὀλίγοι κατῴκουν παντελῶς καὶ διὰ τὴν ἀδοξίαν καταφρονούμενοι· ἕνα δὲ τῶν ἀρχαίων ἔχοντες βασιλέα φιλοπόλεμον καὶ διαφέροντα στρατηγίᾳ προσεκτήσαντο χώραν, τῆς μὲν ὀρεινῆς ἕως πρὸς τὸν Καύκασον, τῆς δὲ πεδινῆς τὰ παρὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν καὶ τὴν Μαιῶτιν λίμνην καὶ τὴν ἄλλην χώραν ἕως Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ.

2.43.3

ὕστερον δὲ μυθολογοῦσι Σκύθαι παρʼ αὑτοῖς γενέσθαι γηγενῆ παρθένον· ταύτην δʼ ἔχειν τὰ μὲν ἄνω μέρη τοῦ σώματος μέχρι τῆς ζώνης γυναικεῖα, τὰ δὲ κατώτερα ἐχίδνης. ταύτῃ δὲ Δία μιγέντα γεννῆσαι παῖδα Σκύθην ὄνομα. τοῦτον δὲ γενόμενον ἐπιφανέστατον τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ τοὺς λαοὺς ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ Σκύθας προσαγορεῦσαι. τῶν δὲ ἀπογόνων τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως ἀδελφοὺς δύο γενέσθαι διαφόρους ἀρετῇ, καὶ τὸν μὲν Πάλον, τὸν

2.43.4

δὲ Νάπην ὠνομάσθαι. τούτων δʼ ἐπιφανεῖς πράξεις κατεργασαμένων καὶ διελομένων τὴν βασιλείαν, ἀφʼ ἑκατέρου τοὺς λαοὺς τοὺς μὲν Πάλους, τοὺς δὲ Νάπας προσαγορευθῆναι. μετὰ δέ τινας χρόνους τοὺς ἀπογόνους τούτων τῶν βασιλέων ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ στρατηγίᾳ διενεγκόντας πολλὴν μὲν πέραν τοῦ Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ χώραν καταστρέψασθαι μέχρι τῆς Θρᾴκης, ἐπὶ δὲ θάτερα μέρη στρατεύσαντας διατεῖναι τῇ δυνάμει μέχρι τοῦ κατʼ Αἴγυπτον Νείλου.

2.43.5

πολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεγάλα τῶν ἀνὰ μέσον τούτων ἐθνῶν καταδουλωσαμένους προβιβάσαι τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῶν Σκυθῶν τῇ μὲν ἐπὶ τὸν πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ὠκεανόν, τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν Κασπίαν θάλατταν καὶ Μαιῶτιν λίμνην· ηὐξήθη γὰρ ἐπὶ πολὺ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθνος καὶ βασιλεῖς ἔσχεν ἀξιολόγους, ἀφʼ ὧν τοὺς μὲν Σάκας προσαγορευθῆναι, τοὺς δὲ Μασσαγέτας, τινὰς δʼ Ἀριμασπούς, καὶ τούτοις ὁμοίως ἄλλους πλείονας.

2.43.6

ὑπὸ δὲ τούτων τῶν βασιλέων πολλὰ μὲν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν καταπολεμηθέντων ἐθνῶν μετῳκίσθαι, δύο δὲ μεγίστας ἀποικίας γενέσθαι, τὴν μὲν ἐκ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων μετασταθεῖσαν εἰς τὴν μεταξὺ χώραν τῆς τε Παφλαγονίας καὶ τοῦ Πόντου, τὴν δʼ ἐκ τῆς Μηδίας παρὰ τὸν Τάναϊν καθιδρυθεῖσαν, ἧς τοὺς λαοὺς Σαυρομάτας ὀνομασθῆναι.

2.43.7

τούτους δʼ ὕστερον πολλοῖς ἔτεσιν αὐξηθέντας πορθῆσαι πολλὴν τῆς Σκυθίας, καὶ τοὺς καταπολεμηθέντας ἄρδην ἀναιροῦντας ἔρημον ποιῆσαι τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος τῆς χώρας.

2.44.1

μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀναρχίας γενομένης κατὰ τὴν Σκυθίαν, ἐβασίλευσαν γυναῖκες ἀλκῇ διαφέρουσαι. ἐν τούτοις γὰρ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν αἱ γυναῖκες ἀλκῇ διαφέρουσαι. γυμνάζονται πρὸς πόλεμον παραπλησίως τοῖς ἀνδράσι καὶ ταῖς ἀνδρείαις οὐδὲν λείπονται τῶν ἀνδρῶν. διὸ καὶ γυναικῶν ἐπιφανῶν πολλαὶ καὶ μεγάλαι πράξεις ἐπετελέσθησαν οὐ μόνον κατὰ τὴν Σκυθίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ὅμορον ταύτης χώραν.

2.44.2

Κύρου μὲν γὰρ τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλέως πλεῖστον ἰσχύσαντος τῶν καθʼ αὑτὸν καὶ στρατεύσαντος ἀξιολόγοις δυνάμεσιν εἰς τὴν Σκυθίαν, ἡ βασίλισσα τῶν Σκυθῶν τό τε στρατόπεδον τῶν Περσῶν κατέκοψε καὶ τὸν Κῦρον αἰχμάλωτον γενόμενον ἀνεσταύρωσε· τό τε συσταθὲν ἔθνος τῶν Ἀμαζόνων τοσοῦτον ἀνδρείᾳ διήνεγκεν ὥστε μὴ μόνον πολλὴν χώραν ὅμορον καταδραμεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλὴν τῆς Εὐρώπης καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας καταστρέψασθαι.

2.44.3

ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐπειδὴ περὶ τῶν Ἀμαζονίδων ἐμνήσθημεν, οὐκ ἀνοίκειον εἶναι νομίζομεν διελθεῖν περὶ αὐτῶν, εἰ καὶ διὰ τὴν παραδοξολογίαν μύθοις ὅμοια φανήσεται τὰ ῥηθέντα.

2.45.1

παρὰ τὸν Θερμώδοντα τοίνυν ποταμὸν ἔθνους κρατοῦντος γυναικοκρατουμένου, καὶ τῶν γυναικῶν ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀνδράσι τὰς πολεμικὰς χρείας μεταχειριζομένων, φασὶ μίαν ἐξ αὐτῶν βασιλικὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔχουσαν ἀλκῇ καὶ ῥώμῃ διενεγκεῖν· συστησαμένην δὲ γυναικῶν στρατόπεδον γυμνάσαι τε τοῦτο καί τινας τῶν ὁμόρων καταπολεμῆσαι.

2.45.2

αὐξομένης δὲ τῆς περὶ αὐτὴν ἀρετῆς τε καὶ δόξης συνεχῶς ἐπὶ τὰ πλησιόχωρα τῶν ἐθνῶν στρατεύειν, καὶ τῆς τύχης εὐροούσης φρονήματος ἐμπίμπλασθαι, καὶ θυγατέρα μὲν Ἄρεος αὑτὴν προσαγορεῦσαι, τοῖς δʼ ἀνδράσι προσνεῖμαι τὰς ταλασιουργίας καὶ τὰς τῶν γυναικῶν κατʼ οἴκους ἐργασίας. νόμους τε καταδεῖξαι, διʼ ὧν τὰς μὲν γυναῖκας ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμικοὺς ἀγῶνας προάγειν, τοῖς δʼ ἀνδράσι ταπείνωσιν καὶ δουλείαν περιάπτειν.

2.45.3

τῶν δὲ γεννωμένων τοὺς μὲν ἄρρενας ἐπήρουν τά τε σκέλη καὶ τοὺς βραχίονας, ἀχρήστους κατασκευάζοντες πρὸς τὰς πολεμικὰς χρείας, τῶν δὲ θηλυτερῶν τὸν δεξιὸν μαστὸν ἐπέκαον, ἵνα μὴ κατὰ τὰς ἀκμὰς τῶν σωμάτων ἐπαιρόμενος ἐνοχλῇ· ἀφʼ ἧς αἰτίας συμβῆναι τὸ ἔθνος τῶν Ἀμαζόνων ταύτης τυχεῖν τῆς προσηγορίας.

2.45.4

καθόλου δὲ διαφέρουσαν αὐτὴν συνέσει καὶ στρατηγίᾳ πόλιν μὲν κτίσαι μεγάλην παρὰ τὰς ἐκβολὰς τοῦ Θερμώδοντος ποταμοῦ, τοὔνομα Θεμίσκυραν, καὶ βασίλεια κατασκευάσαι περιβόητα, κατὰ δὲ τὰς στρατείας ἐπιμελομένην πολὺ τῆς εὐταξίας τὸ μὲν πρῶτον καταπολεμῆσαι πάντας τοὺς ὁμόρους μέχρι τοῦ Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ.

2.45.5

καὶ ταύτην μέν φασι ταύτας τὰς πράξεις ἐπιτελεσαμένην καὶ κατά τινα μάχην λαμπρῶς ἀγωνισαμένην ἡρωικῶς τελευτῆσαι τὸν βίον.

2.46.1

διαδεξαμένην δὲ τὴν ταύτης θυγατέρα τὴν βασιλείαν ζηλῶσαι μὲν τὴν ἀρετὴν τῆς μητρός, ὑπερβαλέσθαι δὲ ταῖς κατὰ μέρος πράξεσι. τὰς μὲν γὰρ παρθένους ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡλικίας ἔν τε ταῖς θήραις γυμνάζειν καὶ καθʼ ἡμέραν ἀσκεῖν τὰ πρὸς πόλεμον ἀνήκοντα, καταδεῖξαι δὲ καὶ θυσίας μεγαλοπρεπεῖς Ἄρει τε καὶ Ἀρτέμιδι τῇ προσαγορευομένῃ Ταυροπόλῳ·

2.46.2

στρατεύσασαν δʼ εἰς τὴν πέραν τοῦ Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ χώραν καταπολεμῆσαι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τὰ συνεχῆ μέχρι τῆς Θρᾴκης· ἀνακάμψασαν δὲ μετὰ πολλῶν λαφύρων εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν ναοὺς μεγαλοπρεπεῖς κατασκευάσαι τῶν προειρημένων θεῶν, καὶ τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων ἐπιεικῶς ἄρχουσαν ἀποδοχῆς τυγχάνειν τῆς μεγίστης. στρατεῦσαι δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ θάτερα μέρη, καὶ πολλὴν τῆς Ἀσίας κατακτήσασθαι, καὶ διατεῖναι τῇ δυνάμει μέχρι τῆς Συρίας.

2.46.3

μετὰ δὲ τὴν ταύτης τελευτὴν ἀεὶ τὰς προσηκούσας τῷ γένει διαδεχομένας τὴν βασιλείαν ἄρξαι μὲν ἐπιφανῶς, αὐξῆσαι δὲ τὸ ἔθνος τῶν Ἀμαζονίδων δυνάμει τε καὶ δόξῃ. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλαῖς γενεαῖς ὕστερον, διαβεβοημένης κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην τῆς περὶ αὐτὰς ἀρετῆς, Ἡρακλέα φασὶ τὸν ἐξ Ἀλκμήνης καὶ Διὸς ἆθλον λαβεῖν παρʼ Εὐρυσθέως τὸν Ἱππολύτης τῆς Ἀμαζόνος ζωστῆρα.

2.46.4

διόπερ στρατεῦσαι μὲν αὐτόν, παρατάξει δὲ μεγάλῃ νικήσαντα τό τε στρατόπεδον τῶν Ἀμαζόνων κατακόψαι καὶ τὴν Ἱππολύτην μετὰ τοῦ ζωστῆρος ζωγρήσαντα τὸ ἔθνος τοῦτο τελέως συντρῖψαι. διόπερ τοὺς περιοικοῦντας βαρβάρους τῆς μὲν ἀσθενείας αὐτῶν καταφρονήσαντας, τῶν δὲ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς μνησικακήσαντας, πολεμῆσαι συνεχῶς τὸ ἔθνος ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ὥστε μηδʼ ὄνομα τοῦ γένους τῶν Ἀμαζονίδων ἀπολιπεῖν.

2.46.5

μετὰ γὰρ τὴν Ἡρακλέους στρατείαν ὀλίγοις ὕστερον ἔτεσι κατὰ τὸν Τρωικὸν πόλεμόν φασι Πενθεσίλειαν τὴν βασιλεύουσαν τῶν ὑπολελειμμένων Ἀμαζονίδων, Ἄρεος μὲν οὖσαν θυγατέρα, φόνον δʼ ἐμφύλιον ἐπιτελεσαμένην, φυγεῖν ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος διὰ τὸ μύσος. συμμαχήσασαν δὲ τοῖς Τρωσὶ μετὰ τὴν Ἕκτορος τελευτὴν πολλοὺς ἀνελεῖν τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἀριστεύσασαν δʼ αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ παρατάξει καταστρέψαι τὸν βίον ἡρωικῶς ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλέως ἀναιρεθεῖσαν.

2.46.6

τῶν μὲν οὖν Ἀμαζονίδων ἐσχάτην ταύτην λέγουσιν ἀνδρείᾳ διενεγκεῖν, καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἀεὶ τὸ ἔθνος ταπεινούμενον ἀσθενῆσαι παντελῶς· διὸ καὶ κατὰ τοὺς νεωτέρους καιρούς, ἐπειδάν τινες περὶ τῆς αὐτῶν ἀνδρείας διεξίωσι, μύθους ἡγοῦνται πεπλασμένους τὰς περὶ τῶν Ἀμαζονίδων ἀρχαιολογίας.

2.47.1

ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐπεὶ τὰ πρὸς ἄρκτους κεκλιμένα μέρη τῆς Ἀσίας ἠξιώσαμεν ἀναγραφῆς, οὐκ ἀνοίκειον εἶναι νομίζομεν τὰ περὶ τῶν Ὑπερβορέων μυθολογούμενα διελθεῖν. τῶν γὰρ τὰς παλαιὰς μυθολογίας ἀναγεγραφότων Ἑκαταῖος καί τινες ἕτεροί φασιν ἐν τοῖς ἀντιπέρας τῆς Κελτικῆς τόποις κατὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν εἶναι νῆσον οὐκ ἐλάττω τῆς Σικελίας. ταύτην ὑπάρχειν μὲν κατὰ τὰς ἄρκτους, κατοικεῖσθαι δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ὀνομαζομένων Ὑπερβορέων ἀπὸ τοῦ πορρωτέρω κεῖσθαι τῆς βορείου πνοῆς· οὖσαν δʼ αὐτὴν εὔγειόν τε καὶ πάμφορον, ἔτι δʼ εὐκρασίᾳ διαφέρουσαν, διττοὺς κατʼ ἔτος ἐκφέρειν καρπούς.

2.47.2

μυθολογοῦσι δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ τὴν Λητὼ γεγονέναι· διὸ καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω μάλιστα τῶν ἄλλων θεῶν παρʼ αὐτοῖς τιμᾶσθαι· εἶναι δʼ αὐτοὺς ὥσπερ ἱερεῖς τινας Ἀπόλλωνος διὰ τὸ τὸν θεὸν τοῦτον καθʼ ἡμέραν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ὑμνεῖσθαι μετʼ ᾠδῆς συνεχῶς καὶ τιμᾶσθαι διαφερόντως. ὑπάρχειν δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὴν νῆσον τέμενός τε Ἀπόλλωνος μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ ναὸν ἀξιόλογον ἀναθήμασι πολλοῖς κεκοσμημένον, σφαιροειδῆ τῷ σχήματι.

2.47.3

καὶ πόλιν μὲν ὑπάρχειν ἱερὰν τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου, τῶν δὲ κατοικούντων αὐτὴν τοὺς πλείστους εἶναι κιθαριστάς, καὶ συνεχῶς ἐν τῷ ναῷ κιθαρίζοντας ὕμνους λέγειν τῷ θεῷ μετʼ ᾠδῆς, ἀποσεμνύνοντας αὐτοῦ τὰς πράξεις.

2.47.4

ἔχειν δὲ τοὺς Ὑπερβορέους ἰδίαν τινὰ διάλεκτον, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας οἰκειότατα διακεῖσθαι, καὶ μάλιστα πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καὶ Δηλίους, ἐκ παλαιῶν χρόνων παρειληφότας τὴν εὔνοιαν ταύτην. καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τινὰς μυθολογοῦσι παραβαλεῖν εἰς Ὑπερβορέους, καὶ ἀναθήματα πολυτελῆ καταλιπεῖν γράμμασιν Ἑλληνικοῖς ἐπιγεγραμμένα.

2.47.5

ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν Ὑπερβορέων Ἄβαριν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα καταντήσαντα τὸ παλαιὸν ἀνασῶσαι τὴν πρὸς Δηλίους εὔνοιάν τε καὶ συγγένειαν. φασὶ δὲ καὶ τὴν σελήνην ἐκ ταύτης τῆς νήσου φαίνεσθαι παντελῶς ὀλίγον ἀπέχουσαν τῆς γῆς καί τινας ἐξοχὰς γεώδεις ἔχουσαν ἐν αὐτῇ φανεράς.

2.47.6

λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸν θεὸν δι’ ἐτῶν ἐννεακαίδεκα καταντᾶν εἰς τὴν νῆσον, ἐν οἷς αἱ τῶν ἄστρων ἀποκαταστάσεις ἐπὶ τέλος ἄγονται· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸν ἐννεακαιδεκαετῆ χρόνον ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων Μέτωνος ἐνιαυτὸν ὀνομάζεσθαι.

2.47.7

κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ταύτην τὸν θεὸν κιθαρίζειν τε καὶ χορεύειν συνεχῶς τὰς νύκτας ἀπὸ ἰσημερίας ἐαρινῆς ἕως πλειάδος ἀνατολῆς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις εὐημερήμασι τερπόμενον. βασιλεύειν δὲ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης καὶ τοῦ τεμένους ἐπάρχειν τοὺς ὀνομαζομένους Βορεάδας, ἀπογόνους ὄντας Βορέου, καὶ κατὰ γένος ἀεὶ διαδέχεσθαι τὰς ἀρχάς.

Source Colophon

Greek source inspected from the Perseus canonical Greek XML for Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, tlg0060.tlg001.perseus-grc5, Books 1-5, based on the Teubner Greek edition prepared by Immanuel Bekker, Ludwig Dindorf, and Friedrich Vogel, Leipzig, 1888-1890. The English rendering above is newly prepared from the Greek, with the existing English editions used only as controls.

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