Historical Treatise Fragments

A Reconstructed Tocharian Reading

Translation

THT 422

Kings, ministers, Brahmins, monks, and communities pass through the record. Kaniṣka is remembered; a yugarāja is named; the Bodhisattva descends from Tuṣita; monasteries, teachers, and Buddhist communities take their places in time.

THT 423 — King Kanaṣka and two armies

The past is not kept as a toy for curiosity. Sacred events are ordered so that those who come later may know how the Dharma was supported, threatened, preserved, and inherited.

THT 424

Rulers give help or cause trouble. Teachers carry the word or fail in their trust. Communities receive the teaching and must guard it. History becomes instruction when it teaches the living how not to lose what was handed down.

THT 425 — Bauddhas

THT 426

The past is not kept as a toy for curiosity. Sacred events are ordered so that those who come later may know how the Dharma was supported, threatened, preserved, and inherited.

THT 427

1:1 Translation

THT 422

a1 /// amācnta ///

a2 /// speech ///

a3 /// to enter; set ///

a4 /// carefully; this ///

a5 /// who; obtains ///

a6 /// I, me ///

a7 /// difficult, hard; but ///

a8 /// I, me; to connect/adapt ///

b1 /// speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

b2 /// this; speech ///

b3 /// transgression, offence, sin ///

b4 /// army; city; not ///

b5 /// is; word; speech; command ///

b6 /// lantuṃñesa ///

b7 /// not ///

b8 /// speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

THT 423 — King Kanaṣka and two armies

a1 /// minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

a2 /// minister, counsellor ///

a3 /// king; Kanaṣka, PN ///

a4 /// to dismiss, emit ///

a5 /// Yugarāja ///

a6 /// this; way/manner ///

a7 /// minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

a8 /// minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b1 /// minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b2 /// minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b3 /// not; to refrain from, desist ///

b4 /// king; Kanaṣka, PN ///

b5 /// knows/understands; ability, power ///

b6 /// instantly, suddently; two ///

b7 /// army ///

b8 /// minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

THT 424

a1 this ///

a2 having come; three; jewel, precious stone ///

a3 to come

a4 having descended from the Tuṣita heaven the Bodhisattva

a5 in the southern direction ///

b4 deed, act, action ///

b5 strenght, power ///

b6 Indian; to go ///

b7 own, self; nature, characteristics; name; like, as, as if, likewise; but ///

b8 having come; three; jewel, precious stone ///

THT 425 — Bauddhas

a1 pertaining to a minister; ability ///

a2 to stand; adheres; not ///

a3 fist; to fall ///

b1 ~ something/someone pertaining to the Buddha; heretic ///

b2 monk; monastery; together with ///

b3 to come; prtng to an object of discussion ///

THT 426

a1 /// eṅsamaine ///

a2 /// hand; belly, stomach, abdomen; womb ///

a3 /// hand; belly, stomach, abdomen; womb ///

b1 /// without; hope; not ///

b2 /// form, shape; beauty; to change; king ///

b3 /// earth/ground ///

THT 427

a1 /// motion; behavior; proper observance ///

a2 /// not; is ///

a3 /// motion; behavior; proper observance; you ///

a4 /// rank, worth, position, glory; indeed ///

a5 /// vimokṣ, pratisaṃ ///

a6 /// virtues ///

a7 /// this; who ///

a8 /// is; to change; sage, Ṛṣi ///

b1 /// one; some/certain ones; together with ///

b2 /// indeed; and; path, way, road ///

b3 /// venerable man ///

b4 /// fully, in detail ///

b5 /// place, position; trustingly; all/every ///

b6 /// arhat ///

b7 /// saṃgha ///

b8 /// motion; behavior; proper observance ///

Source-Close Translation

THT 422

a1 /// broken words around amācnta ///

a2 /// broken words around welñe ///

a3 /// broken words around brāhma ///

a4 /// broken words around anaiśai ///

a5 /// broken words around lpāw ///

a6 /// broken words in the field of speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

a7 /// broken words around amāskai ///

a8 /// broken words in the field of speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

b1 /// broken words in the field of speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

b2 /// broken words around welñe ///

b3 /// broken words in the field of speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

b4 /// broken words in the field of speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

b5 /// broken words around tākaṃ ///

b6 /// broken words around lantuṃñesa ///

b7 /// broken words in the field of speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

b8 /// broken words in the field of speech; to enter; set (sun) ///

THT 423 — King Kanaṣka and two armies

a1 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

a2 /// broken words around amāc ///

a3 /// king ///

a4 /// broken words around ewīyai, rkānte ///

a5 /// broken words around yugarāje ///

a6 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

a7 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

a8 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b1 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b2 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b3 /// broken words around maukāre ///

b4 /// king ///

b5 /// broken words around kārsaṃ, cimpamñe ///

b6 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b7 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

b8 /// broken words in the field of minister, counsellor; Kanaṣka, PN; king ///

THT 424

a1 broken words in the field of having come; three; jewel, precious stone ///

a2 broken words in the field of having come; three; jewel, precious stone ///

a3 broken words in the field of having come; three; jewel, precious stone

a4 having descended from the Tuṣita heaven the Bodhisattva

a5 in the southern direction ///

b4 broken words in the field of having come; three; jewel, precious stone ///

b5 broken words around māñca, maiyyā ///

b6 broken words around yentukeṃne ///

b7 broken words around agāmnta ///

b8 broken words in the field of having come; three; jewel, precious stone ///

THT 425 — Bauddhas

a1 broken words around amāciññe, yātalñe ///

a2 broken words around śimāwa, śitkāwa ///

a3 broken words around maśne, klayāwa ///

b1 broken words around bāhyi, śastarma ///

b2 monk ///

b3 broken words around vādasthān ///

THT 426

a1 /// broken words around eṅsamaine ///

a2 /// broken words around ṣarnesa, kātsa ///

a3 /// broken words in the field of hand; belly, stomach, abdomen; womb ///

b1 /// broken words around rmaṅk ///

b2 /// broken words around myāskamai ///

b3 /// broken words around prās ///

THT 427

a1 /// broken words in the field of motion; behavior; proper observance ///

a2 /// broken words in the field of motion; behavior; proper observance ///

a3 /// broken words in the field of motion; behavior; proper observance ///

a4 /// broken words around kanteṃñe ///

a5 /// broken words around vimokṣ, pratisaṃ ///

a6 /// broken words around āseṃntse ///

a7 /// broken words around tumeṃ, yogācā ///

a8 /// broken words in the field of motion; behavior; proper observance ///

b1 /// broken words around strajñempa ///

b2 /// broken words around ṣṣai, ytāri ///

b3 /// broken words around rintaṃs ///

b4 /// broken words around akṣā ///

b5 /// broken words in the field of motion; behavior; proper observance ///

b6 /// arhat ///

b7 /// broken words around saṃgha ///

b8 /// broken words in the field of motion; behavior; proper observance ///

Colophon

This Good Works Translation was made from inspected Tocharian transliterations/transcriptions for the witnesses grouped here as Historical Treatise Fragments, indexed by CEToM. The reconstructed English reading is independently derived from the source text and lexical controls exposed in the source records. Existing CEToM translation-control lines, where present, were consulted only for checking the direction of difficult or damaged passages and were not copied as the English body.

The source is damaged and discontinuous. This page is therefore a reconstructed reading from damaged witnesses, not a restored Tocharian base text and not a complete-work claim.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Tocharian Witnesses

Tocharian source text inspected through CEToM. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English reading above.

THT 422 — unplaced

THT 422. Language: TB. Lines: 8. CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht422.

a1 /// amācnta ///

a2 /// ñ{†ä} welñe e ///

a3 /// yopsa • brāhma ///

a4 /// anaiśai sā t· ///

a5 /// k u ce kälpāw(a) ///

a6 /// ñiś ·e ///

a7 /// amāskai no ///

a8 /// ñiś rit(t)äs(k)au ///

b1 /// sat c· tr·ṅk· ///

b2 /// ce welñe ///

b3 /// träṅko ///

b4 /// retke rine mā ///

b5 /// tākaṃ rekisa ///

b6 /// lantuṃñesa a ///

b7 /// ṅka mā yän·· ///

b8 /// nal·e ///

THT 423 — King Kanaṣka and two armies

THT 423. Language: TB. Lines: 7=8. CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht423.

a1 ///

a2 /// amāc y· ///

a3 /// re kanaṣki lānte r· ///

a4 /// ·ewīyai tärkānte • yā ///

a5 /// ṣk· yugarāje – k· ///

a6 /// nte te yäknesa k· ///

a7 ///

a8 ///

b1 ///

b2 ///

b3 /// ··s· na mā maukāre ///

b4 /// kanaṣke walo e ·e ///

b5 /// mṣ· • kārsaṃ cimpamñe ///

b6 /// ista-k recci wi ///

b7 /// retke yänmā – ///

b8 ///

THT 424 — unplaced

THT 424. Language: TB. Lines: 8. CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht424.

a1 sa jojjä y· ///

a2 kekamu • 1 tarya n(au)mye ///

a3 śem cmalye yapo /// (tu)

a4 ṣitmeṃ kākkārpau bodhi(sātve) /// (o)

a5 motruññai käly(m)i(n)e ///

b4 °y kramarcce yolai y(ā)m(o)r ya° ///

b5 ne u māñca kauntse maiyyā ·e ///

b6 °ka yentukeṃne masa ///

b7 agāmnta ṣañ ñem ram (n)o ///

b8 • 1 ॥ lyak· ///

THT 425 — Bauddhas

THT 425. Language: TB. Lines: 3=8. CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht425.

a1 amāciññe yātalñe ā ///

a2 rne śimāwa mā śitkāwa ///

a3 maśne klayāwa taise me ///

b1 ṅte bauddhi bāhyi śastarma ///

b2 saṅkrāmne • ṣamānemp= e(ṣ)e ///

b3 śem vādasthānäṣṣe au ///

THT 426 — unplaced

THT 426. Language: TB. Lines: 3=8. CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht426.

a1 /// n· • ṣas· eṅsamaine we ///

a2 /// ṣarnesa kātsa mal· ///

a3 /// kwane aka ·i ///

b1 /// snai pärmaṅk mā ·l· ·k· ///

b2 /// ts(a)na ersna myāskamai • wlo ///

b3 /// ke prās(ka) t s·ā wane a ///

THT 427 — unplaced

THT 427. Language: TB. Lines: 8. CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht427.

a1 ///

a2 /// mā nesau ///

a3 /// ·w· carit ci ///

a4 /// kanteṃñe perne ka ///

a5 /// vimokṣänta pratisaṃ ///

a6 /// ·āseṃntse krentauna pepyu ///

a7 /// tumeṃ poksene k u se yogācā ///

a8 /// ṣai ts·erme maskässi rṣā(k)i ·e ///

b1 /// ss· ś(ā)strajñempa ṣe m· nt· ///

b2 /// meṃ ka ṣ ipreräṣṣai ytāri ///

b3 /// rintaṃs sthavire dharmada ///

b4 /// ·āc aurtsesa akṣā ///

b5 /// ykentane spantai po ///

b6 /// arhanteṃts le ///

b7 /// saṃgha ///

b8 ///

Source Colophon

The source text follows Tocharian transliterations/transcriptions available through CEToM, https://cetom.univie.ac.at/, as cached for the 2026-05-10 Good Works source scout. Ancient source text and faithful transcription are used as source material. Modern translations, commentary, and scholarly notes exposed by CEToM were treated as controls only.

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