A Good Works Translation from RIIG VAU-05-01, VAU-08-01, VAU-12-01, and VAU-13-01
These four Vaucluse inscriptions show Gallo-Greek religious writing from local cult places: a rock dedication at Cavaillon, the Groseau pillar, a difficult Saint-Saturnin stele with votive feet, and the Vaison dedication of a
nemetonto Belesama. The English keeps the source shape visible and does not smooth disputed word divisions.
Translation
VAU-05-01, Cavaillon Rock Inscription
Phekik(nos) to Ouelrous.
The source is a two-line rock inscription. RIIG's Bats reading treats ouelrou as a masculine singular dative theonym and phekik[o]s or phekik[nos] as the dedicator's name. Older readings differ, so the English keeps the divine name and dedicator close to the source.
VAU-08-01, Pillar of Groseau
[...] son of [...], to Graselos, in gratitude, gave/offered (?).
The object is a damaged five-line votive pillar from the Groseau route near Malaucene. RIIG's source display restores a local source-god, Graselos, and a bratou...dekantem votive formula. The personal name and patronymic are too damaged for confident English.
VAU-12-01, Saint-Saturnin-les-Apt Stele
Either:
V., son of O., to the goddess A.
or:
V., for N., daughter of U.
or, in Stifter's narrower personal-name lane:
For Valicconis, daughter of Restaiu.
This stele is a reading problem. RIIG preserves several segmentations and explicitly notes that the text probably contains only proper names, with no secure shared interpretation beyond a feminine dative ending in -ai. The source is included here because the whole object is religiously important, especially with the votive-feet context, but the English cannot be a single settled sentence.
VAU-13-01, Vaison-la-Romaine Nemeton Dedication
Segomaros, son of Villonos, a Nemausatian toutios, dedicated this nemeton to Belesama.
Or, following Lambert's social reading of toutious:
Segomaros, son of Villu, with his Nemausatian fellow-citizens, dedicated this nemeton to Belesama.
This is the strongest source in the group. The line names Segomaros, gives his patronymic, marks his relation to Nimes, uses ieiourou / eiourou as the dedication verb, names Belesama in the dative, and calls the dedicated object or sacred place sosin nemeton, "this nemeton."
Votive and Sacred-Place Notes
The Vaucluse group has three different religious shapes.
Cavaillon is compact: a local god-name in the dative and a dedicator's name. Its value is the local divine name Ouelrous or Uedrous, not a long formula.
Groseau belongs to the southern votive-formula family around bratou and dekantem. It also points to a local water or source deity, Graselos, known through the Groseau place tradition.
Saint-Saturnin is not a secure divine dedication in the same way. Its religious setting is carried by the monument and votive-feet symbolism, while the inscription itself is made of difficult names and disputed segmentation.
Vaison is a rare full sacred-place dedication. The word nemeton is left visible because it is one of the important Gaulish religious nouns: a sanctuary or sacred grove. The page translates the movement of the sentence but keeps toutios and nemeton in sight.
Object Notes
Cavaillon
RIIG VAU-05-01 records a rock inscription from Cavaillon, Le Grenouillet, near the Saint-Jacques hill. RIIG classifies it as a religious or cultic inscription in Gaulish written in Greek alphabet, dated to the second to first century BCE with low certainty. The direct object of interest is probably a local god otherwise unknown.
Groseau
RIIG VAU-08-01 records a pillar from the Groseau at Malaucene. RIIG classifies it as a religious or cultic inscription in Gaulish written in Greek alphabet. The text is damaged at the left and right, but preserves enough of the formula and the restored Graselos name to read it as a local source-god dedication.
Saint-Saturnin-les-Apt
RIIG VAU-12-01 records a stele from Saint-Saturnin-les-Apt. RIIG classifies it as a religious or cultic inscription in Gaulish written in Greek alphabet. The stone has a votive-feet context, but the text itself is a compact proper-name problem with several scholarly readings.
Vaison-la-Romaine
RIIG VAU-13-01 records a votive plaque from Vaison-la-Romaine. RIIG classifies it as a religious or cultic inscription in Gaulish written in Greek alphabet. Its seven lines preserve a named dedicator, civic or collective affiliation, the dedication verb, Belesama, and sosin nemeton.
Colophon
This page translates four RIIG source records for the Celtic continental expansion of the Good Works Library. The English is source-close: secure divine names, dedication verbs, formulae, and source nouns are rendered; damaged names and disputed segmentations remain visibly uncertain. The page makes no priority claim and does not present the four objects as a complete Vaucluse corpus.
Compiled and formatted for the Good Works Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.
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Source Text: RIIG VAU-05-01, VAU-08-01, VAU-12-01, and VAU-13-01
Gaulish source text from inspected RIIG records for four Vaucluse Gallo-Greek religious inscriptions. This page presents the complete surviving source text for the four selected records with source-close English.
RIIG VAU-05-01 / RIG G117, Cavaillon Rock Inscription
Support: rock inscription from Cavaillon, Le Grenouillet.
Language/script: Gaulish in Greek alphabet.
Source display, Bats reading:
ΟΥЄΛΡΟΥ
ΦΗΚΙΚ[---]
Analyzed source display, Bats reading:
ουελρου
φηκικ[oς]
Alternative analyzed display:
ουελρου
φηκικ[νος]
Older source displays preserved by RIIG:
ΟΥЄΛΡΟΥ
ΦΗΚΙΚΟΣ
ΟΥЄΔΡΟΥ
ΦΗΚΙΚΟΣ
[---]Ο̣Υ̣ЄΛΡΟΥ[---]
[---]Ν̣Ι̣ΚΙΚ[---]
Source-close rendering:
Phekik(nos) to Ouelrous.
RIIG VAU-08-01 / RIG G148, Pillar of Groseau
Support: pillar from the Groseau at Malaucene.
Language/script: Gaulish in Greek alphabet.
Source display:
[---]ΛΟΥϹ[---]
[---]ΛΙΑ̣ΚΟϹ[--- .. ]
Α̣ϹΕΛΟΥ[---]
Ρ̣Α̣ΤΟΥΔΕ̣[---]
ΚΑΝΤΕΜ̣
Analyzed source display:
[---]λουσ[ος]
[---]λιακος [γ-
ρ]ασελου[ι] [β]-
ρ̣α̣τουδε[δε]
καντεμ̣
Alternative analyzed final formula:
[---]λουσ[ος]
[---]λιακος [γ-
ρ]ασελου[ι] [β]-
ρ̣α̣τουδε[δε]
<δε>καντεμ̣
Source-close rendering:
[...] son of [...], to Graselos, in gratitude, gave/offered (?).
RIIG VAU-12-01 / RIG G152, Saint-Saturnin-les-Apt Stele
Support: stele from Saint-Saturnin-les-Apt.
Language/script: Gaulish in Greek alphabet.
Source display, one RIIG reading:
ΟΥΑΛΙΚΚ-
Ο̣ΝЄΡЄϹΤ[Ι]-
ΑΙ ΟΥΝΙΑΙ
Analyzed source display:
ουαλικκ-
ο̣ νερεστ[ι]-
αι ουνιαι
Alternative source display:
ΟΥΑΛΙΚΙΟ̣
ΟΝЄΡЄϹΤ[.]
ΑΙΟΥΝΙΑΙ
Alternative analyzed display:
ουαλικιο̣
ονερεστ[ι]
αιουνιαι
Further analyzed lane:
ουαλικκ-
ο̣νє ρεστ[ι]-
αιουνιαι
Source-close rendering lanes:
V., son of O., to the goddess A.
V., for N., daughter of U.
For Valicconis, daughter of Restaiu.
RIIG VAU-13-01 / RIG G153, Vaison-la-Romaine Votive Plaque
Support: votive plaque from Vaison-la-Romaine.
Language/script: Gaulish in Greek alphabet.
Source display:
ϹЄΓΟΜΑΡΟϹ
ΟΥΙΛΛΟΝЄΟϹ
ΤΟΟΥΤΙΟΥϹ
ΝΑΜΑΥϹΑΤΙϹ
ЄΙⲰΡΟΥΒΗΛΗ
ϹΑΜΙϹΟϹΙΝ
ΝЄΜΗΤΟΝ
Analyzed source display:
σεγομαρος
ουιλλονεος
τοουτιους
ναμαυσατις
ειωρου βηλη-
σαμι σοσιν
νεμητον
Alternative analyzed display:
σεγομαρος
ουιλλον εος
τοουτιου ς
ναμαυσατις
ειωρου βηλη-
σαμι σοσιν
νεμητον
Source-close rendering:
Segomaros, son of Villonos, a Nemausatian toutios, dedicated this nemeton to Belesama.
Alternative source-close rendering:
Segomaros, son of Villu, with his Nemausatian fellow-citizens, dedicated this nemeton to Belesama.
Source Colophon
The RIIG HTML source records for VAU-05-01, VAU-08-01, VAU-12-01, and VAU-13-01 were captured and inspected under Tulku/Tools/celtic/sources/continental_batch_2026-05-13/riig_vaucluse_votive_cluster/. The direct source routes are https://riig.huma-num.fr/documents/VAU-05-01, https://riig.huma-num.fr/documents/VAU-08-01, https://riig.huma-num.fr/documents/VAU-12-01, and https://riig.huma-num.fr/documents/VAU-13-01. RIIG cites RIG I controls for these Gallo-Greek records. The Good Works English is a new source-close rendering from the inspected source displays and does not reproduce RIIG images or modern commentary.
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