Truth Stands at the Gate of the Worlds

The Mandaean Book of John (Mšaba Marai, "Teachings of the Lords") is one of the most important scriptures of the Mandaean religion — a living Gnostic tradition with approximately 100,000 adherents, primarily in Iraq and the global diaspora. Also known as the Drašia ḏ-Yahia ("Teachings of John"), this collection of seventy-six chapters preserves liturgical poetry, cosmological dialogues, and ethical instruction that has shaped Mandaean religious life for centuries.

This opening chapter presents a cosmological catechism. Truth (Kušṭa), personified as a divine being, stands at the threshold between worlds and poses twenty-four questions about the architecture of creation: the dimensions of the earth, the origins of humanity, the celestial hierarchy of uthras ("divine beings") arranged beneath the three great vines, the identity of the cosmic guardian, and the mysteries of human generation. Ptahil, the demiurge who fashioned the material world, answers each question in turn, mapping the structure of the Mandaean cosmos from the twelve-thousand-parasang breadth of the earth to the throne of the great Mind and the lilith who haunts the beds of pregnant women.

Good Works Translation from Classical Mandaic. Translated from the critical edition text established by Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath (De Gruyter, 2020). The Häberl and McGrath English translation was consulted as a reference for verification of difficult passages and proper names, but the English below was independently derived from the Mandaic source text.

Teachings of the Lords

In the names of the Great Life, and the Strange One from the countless worlds of light, the Exalted who is above all works — may healing and purity, power and steadfastness, speech and hearing, a glad heart, and the loosing of sins be upon me, [name], and my wife [name], my father [name], and my mother [name], by virtue of these Teachings of the Lords.

In the name of the Great Life, may the sublime Light be magnified!

Truth stands at the gate of the worlds, putting questions to the world.

He speaks and says:

"Tell me — how broad is the earth? How far is it from the earth to the firmament of heaven?

Where did Adam come from? Where did his mate Eve come from?

Wine-Jar and Wellspring, who surpass all the worlds — where did they come from? From whose dwelling has this Oil, son of Sesame the White, come to me? From whose headwaters have these living waters flowed?

Tell me — how many thousands of uthras sit beneath the vine of Yusmir? Tell me — how many thousands of uthras sit beneath the vine of Shar? Tell me — how many thousands of uthras sit beneath the vine of Pirun?

Who raised a great cry and stirred Mind from its seat? Who set the great strife in motion, which shall never be ended? Who opened the great breach, which shall never be sealed?

Who shall be watcher of the house, as far as the boundary of all worlds?

Tell me — upon what does the throne of the great and mighty Mind rest? Tell me — how many thousands of uthras sit at the right hand of the great and mighty Mind? Tell me — how many thousands of uthras sit at the left of the great and mighty Mind? Tell me — how many thousands of uthras stand before the great and mighty Mind?

Tell me — what are the names of the three robes of radiance, light, and glory? Tell me — who bestowed speech and hearing upon the uthras in their dwellings?

Tell me — which of the uthras takes up the censer and bears it before the Mind? Tell me — which of the uthras receives prayer and praise, and carries them to his treasury to store?

Tell me — when the unborn child takes shape, in whose lap is it formed? When its mother carries it, whose fragrance does it breathe? Who among the liliths makes her bed beside women with child?

{Tell me — who shall be watcher of the house, as far as the boundary of all worlds?}"

Ptahil spoke, saying to him:

"I shall tell you what is true, and explain to you all that was.

Twelve thousand parasangs is the breadth of the earth. Twelve thousand parasangs from the earth to the firmament.

Adam was shaped from clay. Eve his mate came from her own source. This Oil, son of Sesame the White, came from the dwelling of Yusmir the Radiant.

These are living waters; they flow from the cistern of the Jordan.

Twelve thousand uthras sit beneath the vine of Yusmir. Twelve thousand uthras sit beneath the vine of Shar. Twenty-four thousand uthras sit beneath the vine of Pirun.

Yushamin set the great strife in motion, which shall never be ended. Abathur opened the great breach, which shall never be sealed.

I, Ptahil, am watcher of the house, as far as the boundary of all worlds.

The throne of the great and mighty Mind rests upon the word of Life.

At the right hand of the great and mighty Mind sit twelve thousand uthras. At the left of the great and mighty Mind sit twelve thousand uthras. Before the great and mighty Mind stand twenty-four thousand uthras.

As for the names of the three robes of radiance, light, and glory — they declare themselves.

The uthra Shunglan takes up the censer and bears it before the Mind.

The uthra Samandirel receives prayer and praise, and carries them to his treasury to store.

When the child takes shape, it is shaped in the lap of its father. It is drawn from its father's loins and set within its mother's womb. While the child is within its mother, it breathes the fragrance of Life.

The lilith Zahriel makes her bed beside women with child."

The victorious Life speaks, and the man who went here prevails!

In the name of the Great Life, may the sublime Light be magnified!

Colophon

Good Works Translation from Classical Mandaic by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

The Mandaic source text was extracted from the open-access critical edition of Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath, The Mandaean Book of John: Text and Translation (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020), available on the Internet Archive under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. The Mandaic text itself — the language of the ancient Mandaean religious community — is not subject to copyright. The English translation presented here was independently derived from the Classical Mandaic source text. Häberl and McGrath's English was consulted as a reference for verification of difficult passages, proper names, and uncertain readings, but the translation above is an independent rendering with its own vocabulary choices (e.g., "Mind" for mana rather than "Intellect"; "uthras" preserved in Mandaic rather than rendered as "excellencies"; "parasangs" rather than "leagues"; "firmament" rather than "vault of heaven"; "gate" rather than "entrance").

Classical Mandaic is an Eastern Aramaic dialect closely related to Syriac and Babylonian Talmudic Aramaic. The translator's knowledge of Semitic languages (Biblical Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew) and Mandaic grammar informed this translation. The critical edition's textual apparatus (variant readings, emendations) was not independently verified; this translation follows the text as established by Häberl and McGrath.

This is believed to be the first freely available independent English translation of Chapter 1 of the Mandaean Book of John.

Translated by Tulku Tansaku (探索), the Expeditionary Tulku (Life 65). Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

🌲

Source Text: ࡌࡔࡀࡁࡀ ࡌࡀࡓࡀࡉ — Chapter 1

Classical Mandaic source text from the critical edition of C. G. Häberl and J. F. McGrath, The Mandaean Book of John (De Gruyter, 2020). Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

ࡌࡔࡀࡁࡀ ࡌࡀࡓࡀࡉ
ࡁࡔࡅࡌࡀࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡓࡁࡉࡀ ࡅࡍࡓࡊࡀࡉࡉࡀ ࡌࡍ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ ࡖ
ࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡉࡓࡉࡀ ࡖࡏࡋࡀࡅࡉࡀ ࡅࡊࡋࡄࡅࡍ ࡏࡅࡁࡀࡃࡉࡀ ࡀࡎࡅࡕࡀ
ࡅࡆࡀࡅࡊࡕࡀ ࡄࡀࡉࡋࡀ ࡅࡔࡓࡀࡓࡀ ࡅࡏࡌࡓࡀ ࡅࡔࡉࡌࡀ ࡄࡀࡃࡅࡀࡕ
ࡋࡉࡁࡀ ࡅࡔࡀࡁࡉࡒ ࡄࡀࡈࡀࡉࡉࡀ ࡉࡍࡄࡅࡉࡋࡉࡀ ࡀࡋࡃࡉࡋࡉࡀ ࡋࡐࡀࡍ ‖
ࡁࡓ ࡋࡐࡀࡉࡍࡕࡀ ࡅࡆࡀࡅࡀࡉ ࡋࡐࡀࡉࡍࡕࡀ ࡕࡐ ࡋࡐࡀࡉࡍࡕࡀ ࡅࡋࡀࡁ
[2]
ࡋࡐࡀࡍ ࡁࡓ ࡋࡐࡀࡉࡍࡕࡀ ࡅࡏࡋ ࡏࡌ ࡋࡐࡀࡉࡍࡕࡀ
ࡕࡐ ࡋࡐࡀࡉࡍࡕࡀ ࡁࡄࡀࡋࡉࡍ ࡃࡓࡀࡔࡉࡀ ࡖࡌࡀࡋࡉࡊࡀ
ࡎـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــࡀ
ࡌࡓࡀࡅࡓࡀࡁ ࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ ࡔࡀࡉࡍࡀ
ࡁࡔࡅࡌࡀࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡓࡁࡉࡀ
ࡌࡔࡀࡉࡉࡋ ࡅࡀࡌࡀࡓ ࡁࡀࡋࡌࡀ
ࡋࡁࡀࡁ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ ࡒࡀࡉࡉࡌ ࡅࡊࡔࡈࡀ
ࡅࡀࡌࡀࡓ
ࡌࡊࡀ ࡄࡀࡅࡉࡀ ࡎࡅࡌࡇࡊ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡀࡓࡒࡀ
ࡖࡓࡒࡉࡄࡀ ࡓࡀࡅࡌࡀ ࡌࡊࡀ ࡄࡀࡅࡉࡀ
ࡅࡌࡍ ࡀࡓࡒࡀ ࡋࡒࡅࡌࡁࡀ
ࡄࡀࡅࡀ ࡆࡀࡅࡇ ࡌࡍ ࡌࡀࡄࡅ ࡄࡅࡀࡕ
ࡅࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡌࡍ ࡌࡀࡄࡅ ࡄࡅࡀ 5
ࡖࡔࡀࡀࡍࡉ ࡌࡍ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ ࡌࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀ
ࡄࡀࡌࡀࡓ ࡀࡊࡀࡍ ࡅࡌࡀࡌࡁࡅࡂࡀ
ࡌࡍ ࡔࡉࡊࡕࡍࡀ ࡖࡌࡀࡅࡍ ࡀࡕࡀࡋࡉࡀ
ࡄࡀࡆࡉࡍ ࡌࡉࡔࡀ ࡁࡓ ࡔࡅࡔࡌࡀ ࡄࡉࡅࡀࡓࡀ
ࡌࡍ ࡉࡀࡓࡃࡀࡍ ࡖࡌࡀࡅࡍ ࡀࡕࡉࡍ
ࡄࡀࡋࡉࡍ ࡉࡀࡓࡃࡉࡍࡀ ࡖࡌࡉࡀ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡊࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡍ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡀࡕࡅࡕࡉࡀ ࡖࡉࡅࡎࡌࡉࡓ ࡂࡅࡐࡀࡍ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡊࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡍ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡀࡕࡅࡕࡉࡀ ࡖࡔࡀࡓ ࡂࡅࡐࡀࡍ10
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡊࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡍ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡀࡕࡅࡕࡉࡀ ࡖࡉࡐࡓࡅࡍ ࡂࡅࡐࡀࡍ ‖
[3]
ࡅࡌࡀࡍ ࡓࡀࡃࡍࡉࡃࡇ ࡋࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡌࡍ ࡃࡅࡕࡊࡇ
ࡌࡀࡍ ࡒࡀࡓࡉࡀ ࡒࡀࡋࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ
ࡖࡏࡋ ࡃࡀࡓࡃࡀࡓࡉࡀ ࡋࡀࡌࡉࡔࡕࡓࡉࡀ
ࡌࡀࡍ ࡓࡉࡌࡉࡉࡇ ࡏࡋ ࡕࡉࡂࡓࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ
ࡖࡏࡋ ࡃࡀࡓࡃࡀࡓࡉࡀ ࡋࡀࡌࡉࡎࡕࡀࡊࡓ
ࡌࡀࡍ ࡔࡉࡒࡋࡇ ࡋࡁࡉࡃࡒࡀ ࡓࡀࡌࡀ
ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡋࡉࡊࡌࡀࡑࡕ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ
ࡌࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀ ࡀࡍࡈࡀࡓ ࡁࡀࡉࡕࡀ 15
ࡀࡋࡌࡀࡄࡅ ࡎࡌࡉࡀࡊ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡀࡓࡎࡀ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ
ࡌࡊࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡀ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡏࡋ ࡉࡀࡌࡉࡇࡍ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡊࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡏࡎࡌࡀࡋࡇ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡊࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡒࡀࡉࡌࡉࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡒࡅࡃࡀࡌࡇ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ
ࡖࡆࡉࡅࡀ ࡅࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ ࡅࡏࡒࡀࡓࡀ ࡌࡀࡄࡅ ࡔࡅࡌࡀࡉࡄࡅࡍ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡔࡅࡌࡀࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡖࡕࡋࡀࡕࡀ ࡀࡋࡁࡅࡔࡉࡀ 20
ࡅࡔࡉࡌࡀ ࡋࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡂࡀࡋࡉࡋࡅࡍ ࡁࡔࡉࡊࡀࡍࡕࡅࡍ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡀࡍ ࡏࡌࡓࡀ ࡋࡔࡉࡌࡀ ࡅࡏࡌࡓࡀ
ࡀࡍࡎࡉࡁ ࡒࡀࡅࡒࡀ ࡖࡓࡉࡄࡀ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡀࡍ ࡌࡍ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡒࡅࡃࡀࡌ ࡌࡀࡀࡍ ‖ ࡌࡀࡉࡉࡋ
[4]
ࡌࡒࡀࡁࡉࡋ ࡁࡅࡕࡀ ࡅࡕࡅࡔࡁࡉࡄࡕࡀ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡀࡍ ࡌࡍ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ

ࡅࡌࡀࡉࡉࡋ ࡀࡊࡎࡉࡋࡇ ࡁࡉࡕ ࡂࡉࡆࡍࡉࡇ25
ࡁࡀࡊࡍࡇࡐ ࡖࡌࡀࡅࡍ ࡌࡉࡈࡑࡀࡓࡀࡓ
ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡗ ࡌࡉࡈࡑࡀࡓࡀࡓ ࡏࡅࡋࡀ
ࡗ ࡄࡀࡅࡉࡀ ࡏࡋ ࡏࡌࡇ ࡁࡓࡉࡄࡀ ࡖࡌࡀࡅࡍ ࡌࡀࡓࡄࡀ
ࡌࡀࡅࡍ ࡌࡍ ࡋࡉࡋࡉࡀࡕࡀ ࡔࡓࡏࡉࡀ
ࡏࡋ ࡀࡓࡎࡀࡉࡅࡍ ࡖࡁࡀࡈࡉࡀࡍࡕࡀ
ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡋࡉࡊࡌࡀࡑࡕ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ{
}ࡀࡌࡀࡓࡅࡋࡉࡀ ࡌࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀ ࡀࡍࡈࡀࡓ ࡁࡀࡉࡕࡀ
ࡀࡀࡍ ࡏࡌࡀࡓࡋࡀࡊ ࡅࡊࡔࡈࡀ
ࡌࡀࡋࡉࡋ ࡕࡐࡀࡄࡉࡋ ࡖࡉࡍࡌࡀࡓࡋࡇ30
ࡅࡀࡀࡍ ࡏࡉࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔࡀࡊ ࡗ ࡖࡄࡅࡀࡕ
ࡀࡐࡓࡎࡉࡀ ࡄࡀࡅࡉࡀ ࡎࡅࡌࡇࡊ
ࡀࡓࡒࡀ ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ
ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡀࡐࡓࡎࡉࡀ ࡄࡀࡅࡉࡀ ࡓࡀࡅࡌࡀ
ࡅࡌࡍ ࡀࡓࡒࡀ ࡋࡒࡅࡌࡁࡀ ࡖࡓࡒࡉࡄࡀ
ࡄࡀࡅࡀ ࡆࡀࡅࡇ ࡌࡍ ࡀࡊࡀࡍ ࡖࡀࡍࡔࡐࡉࡇ ࡀࡄࡅࡀࡕ
ࡅࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡌࡍ ࡈࡉࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀ
ࡌࡍ ࡔࡉࡊࡕࡍࡇ ࡖࡉࡅࡎࡌࡉࡓ ࡆࡉࡅࡀ ࡀࡕࡀ
ࡄࡀࡆࡉࡍ ࡌࡉࡔࡀ ࡁࡓ ࡔࡅࡔࡌࡀ ࡄࡉࡅࡀࡓࡀ35
ࡌࡍ ࡄࡅࡎ ࡉࡀࡓࡃࡀࡍ ࡀࡕࡉࡍ
ࡄࡀࡋࡉࡍ ࡄࡉࡅࡍࡍ ࡌࡉࡀ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ
ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ‖ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡀࡕࡅࡕࡇ ࡖࡉࡅࡎࡌࡉࡓ ࡂࡅࡐࡀࡍ
[5]
ࡀࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡍ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡀࡕࡅࡕࡇ ࡖࡔࡀࡓ ࡂࡅࡐࡀࡍ
ࡎࡓࡉࡍ ࡅࡀࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡍ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡀࡕࡅࡕࡇ ࡖࡉࡐࡓࡅࡍ ࡂࡅࡐࡀࡍ
ࡖࡏࡋ ࡃࡀࡓࡃࡀࡓࡉࡀ ࡋࡀࡌࡉࡔࡕࡓࡉࡀ
ࡉࡅࡔࡀࡌࡉࡍ ࡓࡉࡌࡉࡅࡇ ࡋࡕࡉࡂࡓࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ40
ࡖࡋࡃࡀࡓࡃࡀࡓࡉࡀ ࡋࡀࡌࡉࡎࡕࡀࡊࡓ
ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡅࡓ ࡔࡉࡒࡋࡇ ࡀࡋࡁࡉࡃࡒࡀ ࡓࡀࡌࡀ
ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡋࡉࡊࡌࡀࡑࡕ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ
ࡀࡀࡍ ࡕࡐࡀࡄࡉࡋ ࡄࡅࡉࡕ ࡀࡍࡈࡀࡓ ࡁࡀࡉࡕࡀ
ࡏࡋ ࡌࡉࡉࡍࡋࡀࡕ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡎࡌࡉࡀࡊ
ࡀࡓࡎࡀ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ
ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡀ
ࡋࡉࡀࡌࡉࡇࡍ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ
ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡀࡎࡌࡀࡋࡇ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ45
ࡎࡓࡉࡍ ࡅࡀࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡋࡉࡐࡀ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡉࡀ ࡒࡀࡉࡌࡉࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡒࡅࡃࡀࡌࡇ ࡖࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡀࡊࡁࡉࡓࡀ
ࡖࡆࡉࡅࡀ ࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ ࡅࡏࡒࡀࡓࡀ
ࡔࡅࡌࡀࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡖࡕࡋࡀࡕࡀ ࡋࡁࡅࡔࡉࡀ
ࡄࡀࡃ ࡄࡀࡃ ࡌࡀࡓࡐࡀࡔ ࡏࡋ ࡃࡅࡕࡊࡇ
ࡀࡍࡎࡉࡁ ࡒࡀࡅࡒࡀ ࡖࡓࡉࡄࡀ
ࡔࡉࡂࡍࡋࡀࡍ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡒࡅࡃࡀࡌ ࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡌࡀࡉࡉࡋ50
‖ ࡌࡒࡀࡁࡉࡋ ࡁࡅࡕࡀ ࡅࡕࡅࡔࡁࡉࡄࡕࡀ
ࡎࡀࡌࡀࡃࡍࡉࡓࡏࡉࡋ ࡏࡅࡕࡓࡀ
ࡅࡌࡀࡉࡉࡋ ࡀࡊࡎࡉࡋࡇ ࡁࡉࡕ ࡂࡉࡆࡍࡉࡇ
[6]
ࡁࡀࡊࡍࡇࡐ ࡖࡀࡁࡅࡉࡀ ࡌࡉࡈࡑࡀࡓࡀࡓ
ࡗ ࡌࡉࡈࡑࡀࡓࡀࡓ ࡏࡅࡋࡀ
ࡖࡀࡁࡅࡉࡀ ࡅࡁࡓࡊࡀࡎ ࡏࡌࡇ ࡌࡉࡓࡌࡉࡀ
ࡌࡉࡕࡎࡍࡉࡁ ࡌࡍ ࡄࡀࡋࡇࡑ
ࡁࡓࡉࡄࡀ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡌࡀࡓࡄࡀ
ࡗ ࡄࡀࡅࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡋࡃࡀ ࡌࡍ ࡓࡊࡀࡎ ࡏࡌࡇ55
ࡆࡀࡄࡓࡏࡉࡋ ࡋࡉࡋࡉࡕࡀ ࡔࡓࡏࡉࡀ
ࡏࡋ ࡀࡓࡎࡀࡉࡉࡍ ࡖࡁࡀࡈࡀࡍࡕࡀ
ࡅࡆࡀࡉࡊࡀ ࡂࡀࡁࡓࡀ ࡖࡀࡎࡂࡉࡀ ࡋࡀࡊ
ࡌࡉࡔࡕࡀࡉࡉࡍ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡆࡀࡉࡊࡍ
ࡎـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــࡀ
ࡌࡓࡀࡅࡓࡀࡁ ࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ ࡔࡀࡉࡍࡀ
ࡁࡔࡌࡀࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡓࡁࡉࡀ

Source Colophon

Mandaic source text from: Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath, eds., The Mandaean Book of John: Critical Edition, Translation, and Commentary (Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2019). Open access text and translation published 2020 on Internet Archive (archive.org/details/mandaeanbookofjohn) under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (applies to editorial arrangement and English translation; the underlying Mandaic text is ancient and in the public domain).

The Mandaic script in this file uses the Unicode Mandaic block (U+0840–U+085F), typeset in the critical edition by Ardwan Al-Sabti. Text extracted via PyMuPDF from the open-access PDF.

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