To You I Am Speaking and Teaching
Chapter 13 of the Mandaean Book of John (Drašia ḏ-Malikia, "Teachings of the Kings") opens the Creation section of the text. It is a cosmological hymn that moves from ethical exhortation to deep theology: two kings, two crowns, two fates for their sons. Then the narrative reaches back before creation itself — before the firmament, before the stars, before the earth was solid — to ask what the soul was like before it fell into flesh. The answer is one of the most beautiful passages in Mandaean literature: the soul in its vessel, without hunger or thirst, its locks braided, a crown of air upon its head, its eyes beams of light gazing upon the house of the Mighty.
The chapter culminates in a Gnostic creation myth: the Evil One's rebellion, the cosmic mixing of light into darkness, living water into still water, gentle wind into savage wind — and finally the soul itself, the pure mind, cast into the mortal body. From fire and water comes the firmament, the earth, the trees, and Adam in the flesh. A messenger descends, Adam the sleeper awakes, and the call to rise to the place of light is given to all the faithful.
Translated from Classical Mandaic by the New Tianmu Anglican Church. The Mandaic source text is from Häberl & McGrath's 2020 edition (Internet Archive, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which preserves the verse form of the original manuscripts. Their English translation was consulted as a reference but the translation below is independently derived from the Mandaic.
To you I speak and I teach,
the chosen and the perfect who live in the world.
Be not of the darkness,
and set your eyes upon the place of light.
Separate from evil to good,
from the sinful evildoers of the place of darkness.
Love and teach one another,
that your sins and your trespasses may be forgiven.
Watch, and listen, and learn,
and rise in triumph to the place of light.
The good sit and take counsel —
how they deliberate, and how they learn!
The good speak, and take counsel together, and say,
"Who will come and tell me?
Who will inform me and teach me?
Who will come
and tell me whether it was one king or two?"
The good tell tales,
teaching one another:
"There were two kings,
and two principals were established —
the king of this world
and the king of the worlds beyond.
The king of these ages
assumed the sword and the crown of darkness.
He assumed the crown of darkness
and took the sword in his right hand.
He took the sword in his right hand;
he began to slaughter his sons,
and his sons slaughtered one another.
The king of the worlds beyond —
the king of the ages beyond —
the king of the worlds beyond
assumed the crown of light.
He assumed the crown of light
and took the truth in his right hand.
He took the truth in his right hand;
he began to teach his sons,
and his sons taught one another."
"Who will come, who will tell me —
what came into being from here?
Before the firmament was stretched forth,
before the stars were formed within it?
Before the earth was made solid,
before the dew fell upon the water?
Before the sun and the moon
went about in this world —
how was the soul?"
"When the soul sat in the vessel,
it had neither hunger nor thirst.
When the soul sat in the vessel,
it had neither sickness nor affliction.
When the soul sat in the vessel,
it had neither heat nor cold.
When the soul sat in the vessel,
its locks were braided
and a crown of air was set upon its head.
Its eyes were beams of light,
gazing upon the place of the Mighty's house.
Its mouth was pure perfection,
which praised the king of the place of light.
From the day when the Evil One began to think,
wickedness grew within him.
He grew exceeding wrathful
and waged war against the fire.
A messenger was sent
to crush the strength of the rebels.
They brought the living waters
and cast them into the still waters.
They brought the shining light
and cast it into the deep darkness.
They brought the gentle wind
and cast it into the savage wind.
They brought the living fire
and cast it into the devouring blaze.
They brought the soul, the pure mind,
and cast it into the mortal body.
From fire and from water,
a single firmament was stretched forth.
From fire and from water,
Earth was made solid upon its foundation.
From fire and from water
came fruits, and vines, and trees.
From fire and from water
was fashioned Adam in the flesh.
They baptised the messenger
and made him lord of the ages.
He called out a proclamation
into the tumult of the world.
Adam the sleeper awoke
to the voice of the messenger.
Adam the sleeper awoke
and went out to the side of the messenger.
'Come in peace, messenger, emissary of Life,
who has come from my father's house!
Is this what the precious and the beautiful
Life desires in its place?
Is this the seat prepared for me,
where my dark likeness will sit in sorrow?'
The messenger spoke
and said to Adam in the flesh:
'Fair are the seats that are prepared for you,
and here your likeness will sit in sorrow.
All will remember you for good,
and they desired me and sent me to you.
I have come and shall teach you, Adam,
to deliver you from this world.
Take heed, and listen, and learn,
and you shall rise in triumph to the place of light.'
Adam listened and became faithful;
blessed is he who listens and believes after you.
Adam clasped the truth;
blessed is he who clasps the truth after you.
Adam waited and rose up;
blessed is he who rises up after you."
Take heed, and listen, and learn, O perfect ones,
and you too shall rise in triumph to the place of light.
And Life is praised!
In the name of the Great Life,
may the sublime light be magnified!
Colophon
Source: Classical Mandaic, from The Mandaean Book of John: Critical Edition, Translation, and Commentary by Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath (De Gruyter, 2020). Open access via Internet Archive (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Chapter 13, verses 1–62 (printed pages 36–41).
Translation: Good Works Translation by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, April 2026. Translated from Classical Mandaic. Häberl & McGrath's English translation was consulted as a reference to verify parsing of the source language, but the English above is independently derived from the Mandaic text.
Independent departures from the reference translation:
- "place of light" rather than "light's place" (for atar hnura) — preserves the Mandaic construct-chain meaning while being more natural English
- "he grew exceeding wrathful" rather than "he grew extremely angry" (for rgaz b-rugza rba) — the Mandaic cognate construction (verb + cognate noun) carries weight better in an archaic register
- "the pure mind" retained for mana daika but "the soul" used consistently for nišimta — the Mandaic distinguishes the two terms
- "Adam clasped the truth" rather than "Adam made a pact" (for adam snib u-kušṭa) — kušṭa means "truth" and also denotes the Mandaean ritual handshake; "clasped" preserves both the physical gesture and the covenantal meaning
- "devouring blaze" rather than "devouring flame" (for nura alka) — to distinguish from "living fire" (nura ḥaita) which uses nura in the same verse
- "savage wind" rather than "blustering wind" (for ziqa marda) — marda carries the sense of "rebellious, defiant" (cognate with Aramaic mrad "to rebel")
- "sickness" rather than "diseases" and "affliction" rather than "infirmities" (for ikbia and mumia) — singular forms better suit the parallel structure
- "dark likeness" rather than "dark double" (for dmuta d-hašak) — dmuta is cognate with Hebrew dᵉmut ("likeness," as in Genesis 1:26)
Reference consulted: Häberl & McGrath 2020, named above. Consulted to verify parsing of complex verbal forms, confirm chapter/verse boundaries, and check botanical/technical vocabulary. The colophon is honest: core vocabulary was independently parseable through Aramaic/Semitic cognates and the accumulated Mandaic vocabulary of twelve preceding chapters. Complex syntactic constructions and specific technical terms were verified against the reference.
Blood Rule attestation: This translation is independently derived from the Classical Mandaic source text. The English comes from reading the Mandaic. The reference translation was a safety net, not a source.
Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.
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Source Text: ࡃࡓࡀࡔࡉࡀ ࡖࡌࡀࡋࡉࡊࡉࡀ — Chapter 13
Classical Mandaic source text from Häberl & McGrath, The Mandaean Book of John (De Gruyter, 2020). Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above. Text extracted from the Unicode layer of the open-access PDF via PyMuPDF.
ࡁࡄࡉࡓࡉࡀ ࡅࡔࡀࡋࡌࡀࡉࡍࡀ ࡖࡃࡀࡉࡓࡉࡀ ࡁࡂࡀࡅࡇ ࡖࡀࡋࡌࡀ
ࡏࡋࡅࡊࡍ ࡀࡌࡉࡓࡀࡍ ࡅࡌࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔࡀࡍ
ࡅࡀࡉࡀࡍࡉࡅࡊࡍ ࡕࡓࡅࡑ ࡋࡀࡕࡀࡓ ࡄࡍࡅࡓ
ࡋࡀࡕࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡌࡀࡍ ࡄࡔࡅࡀࡊ
ࡏࡕࡀࡓࡐࡀࡔ ࡌࡍ ࡁࡉࡔࡀ ࡄࡀࡈࡉࡀ ࡖࡀࡕࡀࡓ ࡄࡔࡅࡊ
ࡏࡕࡀࡓࡐࡀࡔ ࡌࡍ ࡁࡉࡔࡀ ࡅࡈࡀࡁࡀ
ࡖࡄࡀࡈࡀࡉࡅࡊࡍ ࡅࡄࡀࡅࡁࡅࡊࡍ ࡌࡉࡔࡕࡁࡉࡒࡋࡅࡊࡍ
ࡓࡄࡅࡌ ࡅࡀࡎࡁࡀࡓ ࡄࡃࡀࡃࡉࡀ
ࡅࡎࡀࡒ ࡁࡆࡀࡅࡊࡕࡀ ࡋࡀࡕࡀࡓ ࡄࡍࡅࡓ
ࡄࡆࡅࡍ ࡅࡔࡅࡌࡀ ࡅࡏࡕࡀࡓࡐࡀࡔ
ࡅࡌࡊࡀ ࡖࡁࡀࡉࡉࡍࡀ ࡅࡌࡉࡕࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔࡉࡀ
ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡉࡀ ࡅࡁࡀࡉࡉࡍ ࡈࡀࡁࡉࡀ
ࡀࡌࡓࡉࡀ ࡈࡀࡁࡉࡀ ࡅࡌࡉࡕࡌࡉࡋࡉࡊࡀ ࡅࡀࡌࡓࡉࡀ
ࡅࡌࡀࡍ ࡀࡍࡅࡃࡀࡍ ࡅࡌࡀࡍ ࡀࡍࡓࡐࡉࡔࡀࡍ
ࡌࡀࡍ ࡉࡍࡕࡉࡀ ࡅࡌࡀࡍ ࡖࡉࡍࡌࡀࡓࡋࡉࡀ
ࡖࡄࡀࡃ ࡄࡅࡀ ࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡏࡅ ࡀࡕࡓࡉࡍ
ࡌࡀࡍ ࡉࡍࡕࡉࡀ ࡅࡌࡀࡍ ࡖࡉࡍࡌࡀࡓࡋࡉࡀ
ࡌࡉࡌࡀࡓ ࡀࡌࡓࡉࡀ ࡈࡀࡁࡉࡀ ࡅࡌࡉࡕࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔࡉࡀ
ࡕࡓࡉࡍ ࡉࡊࡀࡉࡍࡀ ࡏࡕࡉࡒࡓࡅࡍ
ࡕࡓࡉࡍ ࡌࡀࡋࡉࡊࡀ ࡄࡅࡍ
ࡅࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡖࡁࡀࡓࡉࡅࡕ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ
ࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡖࡄࡀࡆࡉࡍ ࡀࡋࡌࡀ
ࡄࡉࡓࡁࡀ ࡅࡕࡀࡂࡀ ࡖࡄࡔࡅࡀࡊ ࡎࡀࡌࡋࡇ
ࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡖࡄࡀࡆࡉࡍ ࡃࡀࡓࡉࡀ
ࡅࡄࡉࡓࡁࡀ ࡁࡉࡀࡌࡉࡇࡍ ࡋࡂࡀࡈ
ࡕࡀࡂࡀ ࡎࡀࡌࡋࡇ ࡖࡄࡔࡅࡀࡊ
ࡅࡒࡀࡉࡉࡌ ࡋࡁࡇࡍ ࡌࡂࡀࡈࡉࡋࡅࡍ
ࡄࡉࡓࡁࡀ ࡋࡂࡀࡈ ࡁࡉࡀࡌࡉࡇࡍ
ࡅࡁࡇࡍ ࡄࡃࡀࡃࡉࡀ ࡂࡀࡈࡋࡉࡀ
ࡅࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡖࡁࡉࡓࡉࡅࡕ ࡃࡀࡓࡉࡀ
ࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡖࡁࡀࡓࡉࡅࡕ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ
ࡕࡀࡂࡀ ࡖࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ ࡎࡀࡌࡋࡇ
ࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡖࡁࡉࡓࡉࡅࡕ ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ
ࡅࡅࡊࡔࡈࡀ ࡁࡉࡀࡌࡉࡇࡍ ࡋࡂࡀࡈ
ࡕࡀࡂࡀ ࡎࡀࡌࡋࡇ ࡖࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ
ࡒࡀࡉࡉࡌ ࡅࡌࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔ
ࡅࡊࡔࡈࡀ ࡋࡂࡀࡈ ࡁࡉࡀࡌࡉࡇࡍ
ࡅࡁࡇࡍ ࡄࡃࡀࡃࡉࡀ ࡌࡉࡕࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔࡉࡀ
ࡒࡀࡉࡉࡌ ࡅࡌࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔࡋࡅࡍ ࡋࡁࡇࡍ
ࡖࡌࡍ ࡄࡀࡀࡊ ࡌࡀࡄࡅ ࡄࡅࡀ
ࡌࡀࡍ ࡖࡉࡍࡕࡉࡀ ࡅࡌࡀࡍ ࡖࡉࡍࡌࡀࡓࡋࡉࡀ
ࡅࡃࡋࡀ ࡏࡈࡑࡀࡓࡀࡓ ࡁࡂࡀࡅࡇ ࡅࡊࡁࡊࡉࡀ
ࡅࡃࡋࡀ ࡂࡍࡀࡃ ࡓࡒࡉࡄࡀ
ࡅࡃࡋࡀ ࡌࡎࡅࡕࡀ ࡕࡉࡉࡐࡋ ࡁࡌࡀࡉ
ࡅࡃࡋࡀ ࡕࡉࡌࡎࡉࡀ ࡀࡓࡒࡀ
ࡀࡍࡎࡂࡅࡍ ࡋࡂࡀࡅࡇ ࡖࡄࡀࡆࡉࡍ ࡀࡋࡌࡀ
ࡅࡃࡋࡀ ࡔࡀࡌࡉࡔ ࡅࡎࡉࡓࡀ
ࡄࡀࡉࡆࡉࡍ ࡄࡅࡀࡕ ࡉࡍࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ
ࡋࡀࡀࡊࡐࡀࡍ ࡅࡋࡀࡀࡑࡄࡉࡀ ࡉࡍࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ
ࡗ ࡁࡀࡊࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀࡕ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡀ
ࡋࡀࡉࡊࡁࡉࡀ ࡅࡋࡀࡌࡅࡌࡉࡀ ࡋࡉࡍࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ
ࡗ ࡁࡀࡊࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀࡕ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡀ
ࡋࡀࡄࡀࡌࡉࡌࡀ ࡅࡋࡀࡒࡀࡓࡉࡓࡀ ࡋࡉࡍࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ
ࡗ ࡁࡀࡊࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀࡕ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡀ
ࡌࡉࡂࡃࡀࡋ ࡂࡃࡉࡋࡉࡀ ࡒࡀࡓࡇࡍ
ࡗ ࡁࡀࡊࡀࡍ ࡄࡅࡀࡕ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡀ
ࡅࡋࡊࡉࡋࡀ ࡖࡀࡉࡀࡓ ࡕࡓࡉࡋࡑࡇ ࡁࡓࡉࡔࡇ
ࡅࡎࡀࡉࡊࡀ ࡋࡀࡕࡓࡀ ࡖࡁࡉࡕ ࡓࡅࡓࡁࡀࡉࡍࡀ
ࡀࡉࡇࡍ ࡀࡐࡎࡉࡌࡉࡊࡀ ࡖࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ
ࡖࡌࡔࡀࡁࡀ ࡋࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊ ࡖࡀࡕࡀࡓ ࡄࡍࡅࡓ
ࡅࡐࡌࡀ ࡖࡕࡅࡔࡋࡉࡌࡀ ࡃࡀࡉࡊࡀ
ࡁࡉࡔࡅࡕࡀ ࡁࡂࡀࡅࡇ ࡂࡉࡁࡋࡀࡕ
ࡌࡍ ࡉࡅࡌࡀ ࡖࡄࡀࡔࡉࡁ ࡁࡉࡔ
ࡅࡒࡓࡀࡁࡀ ࡌࡍ ࡅࡍࡓࡀ ࡀࡁࡀࡃ
ࡓࡂࡀࡆ ࡁࡓࡅࡂࡆࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ
ࡋࡌࡉࡁࡊࡀࡔ ࡋࡄࡀࡉࡋࡀ ࡖࡌࡀࡓࡃࡉࡀ
ࡏࡔࡕࡀࡃࡀࡓ ࡔࡂࡀࡃࡍࡀ
ࡅࡓࡌࡅࡅࡍࡍ ࡁࡌࡉࡀ ࡕࡀࡄࡌࡉࡀ
ࡀࡕࡉࡅࡍࡍ ࡋࡌࡉࡀ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ
ࡅࡓࡉࡌࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡁࡄࡔࡅࡀࡊ ࡄࡀࡔࡀࡊ
ࡀࡕࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡋࡄࡍࡅࡓࡀ ࡖࡀࡍࡄࡅࡓ
ࡅࡓࡀࡌࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡁࡆࡉࡒࡀ ࡌࡀࡓࡃࡀ
ࡀࡕࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡋࡆࡉࡒࡀ ࡁࡀࡎࡉࡌࡀ
ࡅࡓࡉࡌࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡁࡅࡍࡓࡀ ࡀࡋࡊࡀ
ࡀࡕࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡋࡅࡍࡓࡀ ࡄࡀࡉࡕࡀ
ࡅࡓࡉࡌࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡁࡀࡐࡂࡓࡀ ࡁࡀࡈࡋࡀ
ࡀࡕࡉࡅࡉࡀ ࡅࡋࡉࡍࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ ࡌࡀࡀࡍ ࡃࡀࡉࡊࡀ
ࡄࡃࡀ ࡓࡒࡉࡄࡀ ࡏࡕࡉࡂࡍࡉࡃ
ࡌࡍ ࡅࡍࡓࡀ ࡅࡌࡍ ࡌࡉࡀ
ࡀࡓࡒࡀ ࡁࡎࡀࡃࡀࡀࡍ ࡌࡎࡅࡍ
ࡌࡍ ࡅࡍࡓࡀ ࡅࡌࡍ ࡌࡉࡀ
ࡉࡐࡓࡉࡀ ࡅࡏࡌࡁࡉࡀ ࡅࡏࡋࡀࡉࡍࡀ ࡄࡅࡍ
ࡌࡍ ࡅࡍࡓࡀ ࡅࡌࡍ ࡌࡉࡀ
ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡖࡀࡐࡂࡓࡉࡀ ࡏࡕࡉࡂࡁࡉࡋ
ࡌࡍ ࡅࡍࡓࡀ ࡅࡌࡍ ࡌࡉࡀ
ࡅࡏࡋ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡖࡃࡀࡓࡉࡀ ࡔࡀࡃࡓࡅࡉࡀ
ࡉࡍࡁࡑࡅࡉࡀ ࡋࡀࡔࡂࡀࡃࡍࡀ
ࡁࡂࡀࡅࡇ ࡖࡌࡀࡓࡂࡅࡔ ࡀࡋࡌࡀ
ࡒࡓࡀࡁࡇ ࡁࡀࡊࡋࡅࡆࡀ
ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡖࡔࡀࡉࡊࡁ ࡏࡕࡀࡓ
ࡏࡋ ࡒࡀࡋࡇ ࡖࡔࡂࡀࡃࡍࡀ
ࡀࡋࡀࡍࡇࡐ ࡖࡔࡂࡀࡃࡍࡀ ࡍࡀࡐࡒ
ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡏࡕࡀࡓ ࡖࡔࡀࡉࡊࡁ
ࡖࡌࡍ ࡁࡉࡕ ࡀࡁ ࡀࡕࡀ
ࡀࡕࡀ ࡁࡔࡋࡀࡌ ࡔࡂࡀࡃࡍࡀ ࡔࡋࡉࡄࡀ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ
ࡉࡀࡒࡉࡓࡉࡀ ࡅࡔࡀࡉࡐࡓࡉࡀ ࡁࡀࡕࡓࡀࡉࡅࡍ
ࡄࡀࡉࡆࡉࡍ ࡍࡉࡑࡁࡉࡀ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ
ࡅࡃࡌࡅࡕࡀࡉ ࡖࡄࡀࡔࡀࡊ ࡁࡌࡀࡋࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡀ
ࡄࡀࡉࡆࡉࡍ ࡕࡓࡉࡋࡑࡉࡀ ࡅࡊࡓࡎࡉࡀ
ࡅࡋࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡖࡀࡐࡂࡓࡉࡀ ࡖࡉࡍࡌࡀࡓࡋࡇ
ࡌࡀࡋࡉࡋ ࡔࡂࡀࡃࡍࡀ
ࡅࡃࡌࡅࡕࡀࡊ ࡄࡀࡀࡊ ࡁࡌࡀࡋࡉࡀ ࡉࡀࡕࡁࡀ
ࡔࡀࡉࡐࡓࡉࡀ ࡕࡓࡀࡑ ࡅࡊࡓࡎࡉࡀࡊ ࡀࡃࡀࡌ
ࡅࡋࡃࡉࡋࡉࡀ ࡉࡍࡁࡑࡅࡍ ࡅࡔࡀࡃࡓࡅࡍ ࡏࡋࡀࡊ
ࡅࡊࡋࡄࡅࡍ ࡋࡈࡀࡁ ࡏࡃࡉࡓࡊࡅࡊ
ࡖࡏࡀࡐࡓࡒࡀࡊ ࡌࡉࡇࡍ ࡖࡄࡀࡆࡉࡍ ࡀࡋࡌࡀ
ࡏࡕࡉࡕ ࡏࡉࡀࡓࡐࡉࡔࡀࡊ ࡀࡃࡀࡌ
ࡅࡎࡀࡒ ࡁࡆࡀࡅࡊࡕࡀ ࡋࡀࡕࡀࡓ ࡄࡍࡅࡓ
ࡅࡑࡕ ࡅࡔࡅࡌࡀ ࡅࡏࡕࡀࡓࡐࡀࡔ
ࡈࡅࡁࡇ ࡋࡌࡀࡍ ࡖࡔࡅࡌࡀ ࡅࡄࡀࡉࡌࡀࡍ ࡌࡍ ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡓࡀࡊ
ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡔࡅࡌࡀ ࡅࡏࡕࡄࡀࡉࡌࡀࡍ
ࡈࡅࡁࡇ ࡋࡌࡀࡍ ࡖࡎࡍࡉࡁ ࡅࡊࡔࡈࡀ ࡌࡍ ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡓࡀࡊ
ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡎࡍࡉࡁ ࡅࡊࡔࡈࡀ
ࡈࡅࡁࡇ ࡋࡌࡀࡍ ࡖࡉࡍࡎࡀࡒ ࡌࡍ ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡓࡀࡊ
ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡎࡀࡊ ࡅࡎࡋࡉࡒ
ࡅࡎࡀࡒ ࡁࡆࡀࡅࡊࡕࡀ ࡋࡀࡕࡀࡓ ࡄࡍࡅࡓ
ࡅࡑࡕ ࡅࡔࡅࡌࡀ ࡅࡏࡕࡀࡓࡐࡀࡔ ࡔࡀࡋࡌࡀࡉࡍࡀ
ࡅࡌࡔࡀࡁࡉࡍ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ
Source Colophon
Classical Mandaic source text from The Mandaean Book of John: Critical Edition, Translation, and Commentary, edited by Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020). Chapter 13, verses 1–62. Open access via Internet Archive: archive.org/details/mandaeanbookofjohn. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International. Text extracted from the Unicode Mandaic layer (U+0840–U+085F) of the open-access PDF using PyMuPDF.
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