Valerian's Huns at the Tiber

This Good Works Translation continues the Gothic War portion of the Procopius Wars steppe dossier from the Greek.

The chapter is kept whole because the Hunnic deployment belongs to the operational design of the siege: Belisarius sets all the Huns under Valerian beside the Tiber to secure their horses, constrain Gothic foraging, and help turn the besiegers into the besieged.

The translation is newly made from the Greek source text printed below. Dewing's public-domain English translation was used only as a control.

Translation

Wars 6.4.1-30

With these words Belisarius encouraged the Roman people and dismissed them. He immediately ordered Procopius, who wrote this history, to go to Naples, for a report was going around that the emperor had sent an army there.

He instructed him to load as many ships as possible with grain, gather the soldiers who had for the moment arrived from Byzantium or had been left around Naples in charge of horses or for any other need, for he had heard that many such men were coming into the places in Campania, and also draw away some men from the garrisons there. Then he was to come back with them, convoying the grain to Ostia, where the harbor of the Romans was.

Procopius, accompanied by the spear-bearer Mundilas and a few horsemen, went out by night through the gate that bears the name of the Apostle Paul, escaping the notice of the enemy camp that had been set up very near the Appian Way to guard it.

When Mundilas and his men returned to Rome and announced that Procopius had already reached Campania without meeting any barbarians, since at night, they said, the enemy did not go outside their camp, everyone became hopeful. Belisarius, now taking courage, devised the following plan.

He sent many of his horsemen out to the neighboring fortresses. He directed them, if any of the enemy should come that way to bring provisions into their camps, to make constant sallies against them from their positions and set ambushes everywhere in that region, so that they would prevent them from succeeding.

Instead, with all their power, they were to fence them in, so that the city would be less distressed than before by lack of provisions, and the barbarians would seem to be besieged rather than to be themselves besieging the Romans.

He ordered Martinus and Trajan, with a thousand men, to go to Tarracina.

With them he also sent his wife Antonina, commanding that she be sent with a few men to Naples, to await there in safety whatever fortune would come to the Romans.

He sent Magnus and the spear-bearer Sinthues, who took about five hundred men with them, to the fortress of Tibur, one hundred and forty stades from Rome.

To the town of Albani, which was situated on the Appian Way at the same distance from the city, he had already happened to send Gontharis with a number of Eruli; not long afterward the Goths drove them from there by force.

There is a certain church of the Apostle Paul fourteen stades from the fortifications of Rome, and the river Tiber flows beside it.

There is no fortification in that place, but a colonnade extends all the way from the city to the church, and many other buildings around it make the place not easy to approach.

The Goths show a certain actual reverence for such sanctuaries. Indeed, through the whole time of the war no harm came to either church of the two Apostles at their hands, but all the rites were performed in them by the priests in the accustomed manner.

At this place Belisarius ordered Valerian to take all the Huns and make a stockade beside the bank of the Tiber, so that their horses might be kept in greater safety, and so that the Goths might be still further checked from going freely to great distances from their camps.

Valerian did these things. After the Huns made camp in the place where the general directed, he rode back to the city.

Having accomplished this, Belisarius remained quiet. He did not offer battle, but was eager to conduct the defense from the wall, if anyone should advance against it from outside with hostile intent.

He also furnished grain to some of the Roman people.

Martinus and Trajan passed by night between the enemy camps. After they reached Tarracina, they sent Antonina with a few men into Campania.

They themselves took possession of the fortified places in that district and, using them as bases and making sudden attacks from there, checked the Goths moving about in that region.

Magnus and Sinthues, in a short time, rebuilt the parts of the fortress that had fallen into ruin. As soon as they had made themselves secure, they immediately began to cause the enemy still more trouble, since the enemy fortress was not far away.

They did this not only by making frequent raids against them, but also by holding the barbarians who escorted supply trains in constant fear through the suddenness of their movements.

At last Sinthues was wounded in the right hand by a spear in a certain battle. Since the sinews were severed, he was thereafter unfit for battle.

The Huns likewise, after making their camp near by as I have said, caused the Goths no less trouble on their side.

Thus the Goths, as well as the Romans, were now pressed by famine, since they no longer had freedom to bring in their provisions as before.

Pestilence too fell upon them and destroyed many, especially in the camp that they had most recently made near the Appian Way, as I have previously stated.

The few of their number who had not perished withdrew from that camp to the other camps.

The Huns suffered in the same way and returned to Rome. So events there went in this way.

As for Procopius, when he reached Campania he gathered not fewer than five hundred soldiers there, loaded a great number of ships with grain, and held them in readiness.

Not long afterward Antonina joined him and immediately assisted him in arranging the fleet. At that time Mount Vesuvius rumbled; although it did not break out in eruption, because of the rumbling it caused people to expect with great certainty that an eruption would happen.

For this reason the inhabitants fell into great fear. This mountain is seventy stades from Naples and lies north of it, a very steep mountain: its lower parts spread wide in every direction, while the upper part is precipitous and very hard to climb. On the summit of Vesuvius, about the center of it, there appears a cavern of such depth that one would judge it to extend all the way to the bottom of the mountain. It is possible to see fire there, if one dares to lean over the edge. Although the flames as a rule merely twist around one another and bring no trouble to those who live in that region, whenever the mountain sends forth a rumbling sound like bellowing, it generally throws up not long afterward a great quantity of ash. If anyone traveling on the road is caught by this terrible shower, he cannot possibly survive; and if it falls upon houses, they too collapse beneath the weight of the great quantity of ash. But whenever a strong wind happens to come on, the ashes rise to a great height, so that they are no longer visible to the eye, and are carried wherever the wind that drives them goes, falling on lands exceedingly far away. Once, they say, they fell in Byzantium and frightened the people there so much that from that time to the present the whole city has thought it right to propitiate God with prayers every year; at another time they fell on Tripolis in Libya. Formerly this rumbling took place, they say, once in a hundred years or even more; in later times it has happened much more often. Yet they strongly affirm this: whenever Vesuvius belches out these ashes, the country around it is bound to flourish with an abundance of all crops. Furthermore, the air on this mountain is very light and by nature the most healthful in the world. Indeed, from ancient times physicians have sent those attacked by consumption to this place. So much, then, may be said about Vesuvius.

Colophon

This Good Works Translation was prepared for the Scythian shelf by the New Tianmu Anglican Church from the Greek source text printed below. The Greek text was downloaded from the PerseusDL canonical Greek repository as tlg4029.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml and inspected locally. Dewing's public-domain English, preserved in the local ToposText capture and Ready archival dossier, was used only as a control.

This is the fourteenth unit in the Procopius Wars steppe and Black Sea translation dossier, and the second Book 6 unit.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Procopius, Wars 6.4.1-30

Greek source text from Procopius, Wars 6.4. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

Wars 6.4

§ 6.4.1 Τούτοις μὲν Ῥωμαίων τὸν δῆμον παραθρασύνας Βελισάριος ἀπεπέμψατο, Προκόπιον δέ, ὃς τάδε ξυνέγραψεν, αὐτίκα ἐς Νεάπολιν ἐκέλευεν ἰέναι. φήμη γάρ τις περιήγγελλεν ὡς στράτευμα ἐνταῦθα βασιλεὺς πέμψειε.

§ 6.4.2 καί οἱ ἐπέστελλε ναῦς τε ὅτι πλείστας σίτου ἐμπλήσασθαι καὶ στρατιώτας ἀγεῖραι ἅπαντας ὅσους ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἐκ Βυζατίου ἥκειν τετύχηκεν, ἢ ἵππων φυλακῆς ἕνεκα ἢ ἄλλου ὁτουοῦν ἐνταῦθα λελεῖφθαι, οἵους δὴ πολλοὺς ἐς τὰ ἐν Καμπανίᾳ χωρία ἠκηκόει ἰέναι, τινὰς δὲ καὶ τῶν ταύτῃ φρουρῶν ἀφελέσθαι, ἥξειν τε ξὺν αὐτοῖς τὸν σῖτον παρακομίζοντι ἐς Ὀστίαν, ὅθι τὸ Ῥωμαίων ἐπίνειον.

§ 6.4.3 καὶ ὁ μὲν ξὺν τῷ Μουνδίλᾳ τῷ δορυφόρῳ καὶ ὀλίγοις ἱππεῦσι διὰ πύλης ἣ Παύλου τοῦ ἀποστόλου ἐπώνυμός ἐστι, νύκτωρ διῆλθε, λαθὼν τὸ τῶν πολεμίων στρατόπεδον ὅπερ ἄγχιστα ὁδοῦ τῆς Ἀππίας ἐφύλασσεν.

§ 6.4.4 ἐπειδή τε ἐς Ῥώμην οἱ ἀμφὶ Μουνδίλαν ἐπανήκοντες ἀφῖχθαι ἤδη Προκόπιον ἐς Καμπανίαν οὐδενὶ ἐντυχόντα τῶν βαρβάρων ἀπήγγελλον, νύκτωρ γὰρ οὔποτε τοὺς πολεμίους ἔξω τοῦ στρατοπέδου πορεύεσθαι, εὐέλπιδες μὲν γεγένηνται πάντες, Βελισάριος δὲ θαρσήσας ἤδη ἐπενόει τάδε.

§ 6.4.5 τῶν ἱππέων πολλοὺς ἐς τὰ πλησίον ἐξέπεμπεν ὀχυρώματα, ἐπιστείλας, ἤν τινες τῶν πολεμίων ταύτῃ ἴωσιν, ἐφ’ ᾧ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐς τὰ στρατόπεδα ἐσκομίσονται, ἔνθεν αὐτοῖς ἐπεκδρομάς τε καὶ ἐνέδρας πανταχόθι τῶν τῇδε χωρίων ἀεὶ ποιουμένους μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν, ἀλλὰ παντὶ σθένει ἀπείργειν, ὅπως ἥ τε πόλις ἐλασσόνως ἢ πρότερον τῇ ἀπορίᾳ πιέζοιτο καὶ οἱ βάρβαροι πολιορκεῖσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ αὐτοὶ πολιορκεῖν Ῥωμαίους δόξειαν.

§ 6.4.6 Μαρτῖνον μὲν οὖν καὶ Τραϊανὸν ξὺν χιλίοις ἐς Ταρακίναν ἐκέλευσεν ἰέναι. οἷς δὴ καὶ Ἀντωνίναν τὴν γυναῖκα ξυνέπεμψεν, ἐντειλάμενος ἔς τε Νεάπολιν αὐτὴν στέλλεσθαι ξὺν ὀλίγοις τισὶ καὶ τύχην ἐκ τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς τὴν σφίσι ξυμβησομένην καραδοκεῖν.

§ 6.4.7 Μάγνον δὲ καὶ Σινθούην τὸν δορυφόρον πεντακοσίους μάλιστα ἐπαγομένους ἐς Τίβουριν τὸ φρούριον ἔπεμψε, σταδίους τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν Ῥώμης διέχον.

§ 6.4.8 ἐς μέντοι τὸ Ἀλβανῶν πόλισμα, σταδίους μὲν τοσούτους ἀπέχον, ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἀππίᾳ ὁδῷ κείμενον, πρότερον ἤδη Γόνθαριν ξὺν Ἐρούλοις τισὶ πέμψας ἔτυχεν, οὓς δὴ οἱ Γότθοι βιασάμενοι ἐξήλασαν ἐνθένδε οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον.

§ 6.4.9 Ἔστι δέ τις νεὼς Παύλου τοῦ ἀποστόλου, Ῥώμης τοῦ περιβόλου τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα σταδίους ἀπέχων, ὅ τε ποταμὸς αὐτὸν παραρρεῖ Τίβερις. ἐνταῦθα ὀχύρωμα μὲν οὐδαμῆ ἐστι, στοὰ δέ τις ἄχρι ἐς τὸν νεὼν διήκουσα ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, ἄλλαι τε πολλαὶ οἰκοδομίαι ἀμφ’ αὐτὸν οὖσαι οὐκ εὐέφοδον ποιοῦσι τὸν χῶρον.

§ 6.4.10 ἔστι δέ τις καὶ αἰδὼς πρὸς ταῦτα δὴ τὰ ἱερὰ τοῖς Γότθοις. ἐς οὐδέτερον γοῦν τοῖν ἀποστόλοιν νεὼν παρὰ πάντα τὸν τοῦ πολέμου καιρὸν ἄχαρί τι πρὸς αὐτῶν γέγονεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα τῇδε τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν, ᾗπερ εἰώθει, ἐξοσιοῦσθαι ξυμβέβηκεν.

§ 6.4.11 ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τῷ χωρίῳ Βαλεριανόν, τοὺς Οὔννους ἅπαντας ἀπαγαγόντα, χαράκωμα παρὰ τοῦ Τιβέριδος τὴν ὄχθην ἐκέλευε ποιεῖσθαι, ὅπως ἂν αὐτοῖς τε ἀδεέστερον οἱ ἵπποι τρέφοιντο καὶ οἱ Γότθοι μᾶλλον ἔτι ἀναστέλλοιντο τοῦ κατ’ ἐξουσίαν ὡς ἀπωτάτω τῶν στρατοπέδων τῶν σφετέρων ἰέναι.

§ 6.4.12 ὁ δὲ κατὰ ταῦτα ἐποίει. ἐπειδή τε οἱ Οὖννοι ἐνταῦθα ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο οὗπερ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐνετέλλετο, ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἀπήλαυνε.

§ 6.4.13 Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν Βελισάριος διαπεπραγμένος ἡσύχαζε, μάχης μὲν οὐκ ἄρχων, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ τείχους ἀμύνεσθαι προθυμούμενος, ἤν τις ἔξωθεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸ κακουργήσων ἴοι.

§ 6.4.14 καὶ σῖτον μέντοι τισὶ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων δήμου παρείχετο. Μαρτῖνος δὲ καὶ Τραϊανὸς διελθόντες νύκτωρ τὰ τῶν πολεμίων στρατόπεδα, ἐπειδὴ ἐν Ταρακίνῃ ἐγένοντο, Ἀντωνίναν μὲν ἐς Καμπανίαν ξὺν ὀλίγοις τισὶν ἔπεμψαν, αὐτοὶ δὲ τὰ ταύτῃ ὀχυρώματα καταλαβόντες, ἔνθεν τε ὁρμώμενοι καὶ τὰς ἐφόδους ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου ποιούμενοι, τῶν Γότθων τοὺς ἐς τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία περιιόντας ἀνέστελλον.

§ 6.4.15 Μάγνος δὲ καὶ Σινθούης τοῦ τε φρουρίου ὅσα καταπεπτώκει ἐν βραχεῖ ἀνῳκοδομήσαντο χρόνῳ καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ ἐγένοντο, ἤδη μᾶλλον ἐλύπουν τοὺς πολεμίους ἅτε αὐτῶν τὸ ἐπιτείχισμα οὐκ ἄποθεν ὂν συχνά τε καταθέοντες καὶ τῷ ἀπροσδοκήτῳ ἐκπλήσσοντες ἀεὶ τῶν βαρβάρων τοὺς τὰ ἐπιτήδεια παραπέμποντας, ἕως Σινθούης ἐν μάχῃ δή τινι δόρατι πληγεὶς τὴν δεξιὰν χεῖρα τῶν τε νεύρων οἱ ἀποκοπέντων ἀπόμαχος τὸ λοιπὸν γέγονε.

§ 6.4.16 καὶ Οὖννοι δὲ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐν γειτόνων, ὥσπερ μοι ἐρρήθη, πεποιημένοι οὐκ ἐλάσσω κακὰ τοὺς Γότθους ἐποίουν, ὥστε καὶ αὐτοὶ τῷ λιμῷ ἐπιέζοντο ἤδη, οὐκέτι σφίσιν ἀδείας οὔσης τὰς τροφὰς ὥσπερ τὸ πρότερον ἐσκομίζεσθαι.

§ 6.4.17 καὶ λοιμὸς δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐπεισπεσὼν πολλοὺς ἔφθειρε, καὶ μάλιστα ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ ὅπερ αὐτοῖς ἀγχοῦ τῆς Ἀππίας ὁδοῦ ὕστατον,

§ 6.4.18 ὥσπερ μοι προδεδήλωται, γεγονὸς ἔτυχε. καὶ αὐτῶν ὀλίγοι ἐνθένδε ὅσοι οὐ διεφθάρησαν ἐς τἄλλα χαρακώματα ὑπεχώρησαν. ταὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο καὶ Οὖννοι παθόντες ἐς Ῥώμην εἰσῆλθον.

§ 6.4.19 ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐγίνετο τῇδε. Προκόπιος δέ, ἐπεὶ ἐν Καμπανίᾳ ἐγένετο, στρατιώτας τε οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ πεντακοσίους ἐνταῦθα ἤγειρε, καὶ νεῶν πολύ τι χρῆμα σίτου ἐμπλησάμενος ἐν παρασκευῇ εἶχε.

§ 6.4.20 παρῆν δέ οἱ καὶ Ἀντωνίνα οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον καὶ τοῦ στόλου ἤδη ξὺν αὐτῷ ἐπεμελεῖτο.

§ 6.4.21 Τότε καὶ τὸ ὄρος ὁ Βέβιος ἐμυκήσατο μέν, οὐ μέντοι ἠρεύξατο, καίτοι γε καὶ λίαν ἐπίδοξος ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐγεγόνει ὅτι ἐρεύξεται. διὸ δὴ καὶ τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις ξυνέβη ἐς δέος μέγα ἐμπεπτωκέναι.

§ 6.4.22 τὸ δὲ ὄρος τοῦτο Νεαπόλεως μὲν ἑβδομήκοντα σταδίοις διέχει, τετραμμένον αὐτῆς πρὸς βορρᾶν ἄνεμον, ἀπότομον δὲ ἀτεχνῶς ἐστι, τὰ κάτω μὲν ἀμφιλαφὲς κύκλῳ, τὰ δὲ ὕπερθεν κρημνῶδές τε καὶ δεινῶς ἄβατον.

§ 6.4.23 ἐν δὲ τῇ τοῦ Βεβίου ὑπερβολῇ σπήλαιον κατὰ μέσον μάλιστα βαθὺ φαίνεται, ὥστε εἰκάζειν αὐτὸ ἄχρι ἐς τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ὄρους διήκειν.

§ 6.4.24 καὶ πῦρ ἐνταῦθα ὁρᾶν πάρεστιν, ἤν τις ὑπερκύπτειν τολμήσειε, καὶ χρόνῳ μὲν τῷ ἄλλῳ ἡ φλὸξ ἐφ’ ἑαυτὴν στρέφεται, πράγματα οὐδενὶ παρεχομένη τῶν ταύτῃ ἀνθρώπων, ἐπειδὰν δὲ κτύπον τινὰ μυκηθμῷ ἐμφερῆ τὸ ὄρος ἀφῇ, κόνεως μέγα τι χρῆμα οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀνίησι.

§ 6.4.25 καὶ ἢν μέν τινα ὁδῷ τὸ κακὸν τοῦτο βαδίζοντα λάβῃ, τοῦτον δὴ τὸν ἄνθρωπον οὐδεμία μηχανὴ βιώσεσθαί ἐστιν, ἢν δὲ οἰκίαις τισὶν ἐπιπέσῃ, πίπτουσι καὶ αὐταὶ τῷ τῆς κόνεως πλήθει ἀχθόμεναι.

§ 6.4.26 ἀνέμου δὲ σκληροῦ, ἂν οὕτω τύχῃ, ἐπιπεσόντος, ἀνιέναι μὲν αὐτὴν ξυμβαίνει ἐς ὕψος μέγα, ὡς μηκέτι ἀνθρώπῳ ὁρατὴν εἶναι, φέρεσθαι δὲ ὅπη ἂν αὐτῇ τὸ πνεῦμα ἐπίφορον ἴοι, ἐμπίπτειν τε ἐς γῆν ἣ ὡς ἑκαστάτω τυγχάνει οὖσα.

§ 6.4.27 καί ποτε μέν φασιν ἐν Βυζαντίῳ ἐπιπεσοῦσαν οὕτως ἐκπλῆξαι τοὺς ταύτῃ ἀνθρώπους ὥστε πανδημεὶ ἐξ ἐκείνου δὴ καὶ ἐς τόδε τοῦ χρόνου λιταῖς ἐνιαυσίοις ἐξιλάσκεσθαι τὸν θεὸν ἔγνωσαν, ἐς Τρίπολιν δὲ τῆς Λιβύης χρόνῳ ἑτέρῳ ἐμπεπτωκέναι.

§ 6.4.28 καὶ πρότερον μὲν ἐνιαυτῶν ἑκατὸν ἢ καὶ πλειόνων τὸν μυκηθμὸν τοῦτόν φασι γενέσθαι, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ πολλῷ ἔτι θᾶσσον ξυμβῆναι.

§ 6.4.29 τοῦτο μέντοι ἀπισχυρισάμενοι λέγουσιν, ὅτι δὴ ἐπειδὰν τῷ Βεβίῳ ταύτην ἐρεύξασθαι τὴν κόνιν ξυμβαίη, εὐθηνεῖν ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐκείνην χώραν καρποῖς ἅπασιν.

§ 6.4.30 ἀὴρ δὲ λεπτότατός ἐστι καὶ πρὸς ὑγείαν ἱκανῶς πεφυκὼς ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ πάντων μάλιστα. ἐς τοῦτο ἀμέλει τοὺς φθόῃ ἁλόντας ἐκ τῶν ἄνωθεν χρόνων ἰατροὶ πέμπουσι. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἀμφὶ τῷ Βεβίῳ ταύτῃ πη ἔχει.

Source Colophon

Greek source text from the PerseusDL canonical Greek repository file tlg4029.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml, inspected locally for this translation unit.

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