The Sclaveni Raid: Illyricum to Epidamnus

This Good Works Translation continues the Book 7 Procopius dossier passages from the Greek.

The chapter belongs to the Scythian shelf because it records a Sclaveni army crossing the Ister and devastating Illyricum as far as Epidamnus while a much larger Roman field force refused close engagement. The whole chapter is translated because Procopius embeds the raid in his sequence of earthquakes, Nile flood, whale omen, and return to Totila's siege narrative.

The translation is newly made from the Greek source text printed below. Dewing's public-domain English translation was used only as a control.

Translation

Wars 7.29.1-21

About this time an army of Sclaveni crossed the river Ister and did irreparable deeds throughout all Illyricum as far as Epidamnus, killing and enslaving everyone in their path without regard to age, and plundering their property.

They were already able to take many fortresses there, places which had formerly been thought strong, since no one defended them; and they went everywhere at will, searching through everything.

The commanders of the Illyrians followed them with an army of fifteen thousand men, but they never dared to go anywhere near the enemy.

At that time also there were many earthquakes in the winter season, very severe and extraordinary, both in Byzantium and in other places, all of them at night.

The inhabitants of these cities, thinking they were about to be overwhelmed, fell into great fear; yet no harm came from the earthquakes.

Then too the river Nile rose more than eighteen cubits and flooded all Egypt with water. Yet in the Thebaid, which is farther upstream, the water settled and receded at the appointed time, giving the inhabitants there the opportunity to sow the land and perform their other tasks as usual.

But in the lower country, after the water had once covered the surface, it did not withdraw. It stayed in the way throughout the sowing season, something that had never before happened in all time.

There were places where the water, even after it had receded, flowed back again not long afterward.

Thus it happened that all the seeds which had been thrown into the ground during the interval rotted.

Because of this strange event, the people were reduced to great difficulty, and most of the animals died through lack of food.

At that time also the whale which the Byzantines called Porphyrius was caught.

This whale had been troubling Byzantium and the towns around it for fifty years, though not continuously, since at times it disappeared for a rather long interval.

It had sunk many boats, terrified the passengers of many others, driven them from their course, and carried them far away.

For this reason the Emperor Justinian had been concerned to capture the creature, but he had been unable to accomplish the matter by any device. I shall explain how it came to be caught on the present occasion.

It happened, while deep calm held the sea, that a very large number of dolphins gathered near the mouth of the Euxine sea. Suddenly they saw the whale and fled wherever each could. Most of them came in near the mouth of the Sangarius.

The whale managed to catch some of them, and swallowed them at once. Then, either still driven by hunger or by a spirit of strife, it went on pursuing them no less than before, until without noticing it, it came very near the land.

There it ran upon very deep mud; and though it struggled and exerted itself with all its strength to get out as quickly as possible, it could not escape the shoal, but sank still deeper into the mud.

When this was reported among all the people who lived around there, they immediately rushed upon the whale. Although they hacked at it continually with axes from every side, even so they did not kill it; but they dragged it up with heavy ropes, put it on wagons, and found that its length was about thirty cubits and its breadth ten. Then they formed several groups and divided it among themselves. Some ate the flesh immediately, while others decided to preserve the share that fell to them.

The Byzantines, observing the earthquakes and learning the circumstances of the Nile's rise and the capture of this whale, at once began to prophesy that various things would happen, according to each man's inclination.

For men who are at a loss amid present events like to utter wonders about what is to come; and when they are worn down by troubles, they infer future events from no rational argument.

But I leave prophecies and explanations of portents to others. This I know well: the Nile's lingering upon the country was, at that time at least, the cause of great calamities, while the disappearance of the whale plainly proved to be a release from many evils.

Some say that this was not the whale I mentioned, but another one which happened to be caught. I shall return to the point from which I made my digression.

Totila, then, after accomplishing the things already described, learned that the Romans in the fortress near Rusciane were beginning to lack necessities. Thinking he would capture them very quickly if they were unable to bring in any supplies, he camped as close as possible and settled into the siege.

Colophon

This Good Works Translation was prepared for the Scythian shelf by the New Tianmu Anglican Church from the Greek source text printed below. The Greek text was downloaded from the PerseusDL canonical Greek repository as tlg4029.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml and inspected locally. Dewing's public-domain English, preserved in the local ToposText capture and Ready archival dossier, was used only as a control.

This is the twenty-second unit in the Procopius Wars steppe and Black Sea translation dossier, and the sixth Book 7 unit.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Procopius, Wars 7.29.1-21

Greek source text from Procopius, Wars 7.29. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

Wars 7.29

§ 7.29.1 Ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον Σκλαβηνῶν στράτευμα διαβάντες ποταμὸν Ἴστρον Ἰλλυριοὺς ἅπαντας ἄχρι Ἐπιδαμνίων ἔδρασαν ἀνήκεστα ἔργα, κτείνοντες καὶ ἀνδραποδίζοντες τοὺς ἐν ποσὶν ἡβηδὸν ἅπαντας καὶ τὰ χρήματα ληϊζόμενοι.

§ 7.29.2 ἤδη δὲ καὶ φρούρια ἐνταῦθα πολλά τε καὶ δοκοῦντα ἐχυρὰ τὰ πρότερα εἶναι οὐδενὸς ἀμυνομένου ἐξελεῖν ἴσχυσαν, καὶ περιήρχοντο ξύμπαντα κατ’ ἐξουσίαν διερευνώμενοι.

§ 7.29.3 οἱ δὲ τῶν Ἰλλυριῶν ἄρχοντες στράτευμα πεντακισχιλίων τε καὶ μυρίων ἔχοντες εἵποντο, ἄγχιστα μέντοι τῶν πολεμίων οὐδαμῆ ἐτόλμων ἰέναι.

§ 7.29.4 Τότε δὲ καὶ σεισμοὶ πολλάκις χειμῶνος ὥρᾳ σκληροί τε λίαν καὶ ὑπερφυεῖς ἔν τε Βυζαντίῳ καὶ χωρίοις ἄλλοις ἐγένοντο, νύκτωρ ἅπαντες.

§ 7.29.5 καὶ οἱ μὲν ταύτῃ ᾠκημένοι καταχωσθήσεσθαι ὑποτοπήσαντες ἐν δέει μεγάλῳ ἐγένοντο, οὐδὲν μέντοι ἐνθένδε φλαῦρον αὐτοῖς ξυνηνέχθη παθεῖν.

§ 7.29.6 Τότε καὶ Νεῖλος ὁ ποταμὸς ὑπὲρ ὀκτωκαίδεκα πήχυς ἀναβὰς ἐπέκλυσε μὲν τὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἤρδευσε πᾶσαν, ἀλλὰ ἐν μὲν Θηβαΐδι τῇ ὕπερθεν οὔσῃ ὑφιζάνοντά τε καὶ ἀποχωροῦντα τοῖς καθήκουσι χρόνοις τὰ ὕδατα παρείχετο τοῖς τῇδε ᾠκημένοις σπείρειν τε τὴν γῆν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι ᾗπερ εἰώθει·

§ 7.29.7 χώρας δὲ τῆς ἔνερθεν ἐπειδὴ πρῶτον ἐπεπόλασεν, οὐκέτι ἀπέβη, ἀλλ’ ἐνοχλῶν αὐτῇ ξύμπαντα διαγέγονε τὸν τοῦ σπείρειν καιρόν, οὐ ξυμπεσὸν τοῦτό γε πρότερον ἐκ τοῦ παντὸς αἰῶνος, ἔστι δὲ οὗ καὶ ἀπολωφῆσαν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπέκλυσεν αὖθις οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον.

§ 7.29.8 ταύτῃ τε ἅπαντα ἐσεσήπει τὰ σπέρματα, ὅσα δὴ μεταξὺ καταβεβλημένα ἐς τὴν γῆν ἔτυχε. καὶ οἱ μὲν ἄνθρωποι τῷ παραλόγῳ τῆς ξυμφορᾶς ἀμηχανίᾳ πολλῇ εἴχοντο, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ζῴων ἀπορίᾳ τροφῆς τὰ πλεῖστα ἐφθάρη.

§ 7.29.9 Τότε καὶ τὸ κῆτος, ὃ δὴ Βυζάντιοι Πορφύριον ἐκάλουν, ἑάλω. τοῦτό τε τὸ κῆτος πλέον μὲν ἢ ἐς πεντήκοντα ἐνιαυτοὺς τό τε Βυζάντιον καὶ τὰ ἀμφ’ αὐτὸ χωρία ἠνώχλει, οὐκ ἐφεξῆς μέντοι, ἀλλὰ διαλεῖπον, ἂν οὕτω τύχῃ, πολύν τινα μεταξὺ χρονον.

§ 7.29.10 καὶ πολλὰ μὲν κατέδυσε πλοῖα, πολλῶν δὲ τοὺς ἐπιβατας ξυνταράττον τε καὶ βιαζόμενον ὡς ἀπωτάτω ἀπήνεγκεν. ἐπιμελὲς μὲν οὖν Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ ἐγεγόνει τὸ θηρίον τοῦτο χειρώσασθαι. ἐπιτελέσαι δὲ τὸ βούλευμα οὐδεμιᾷ μηχανῆ ἔσχεν. ὅπως δὲ αὐτῷ τανῦν ἁλῶναι ξυνέπεσεν.

§ 7.29.11 ἐγὼ δηλώσω. ἐτύγχανε μὲν γαλήνη τὴν θάλασσαν πολλὴ ἔχουσα, δελφίνων δὲ πάμπολύ τι πλῆθος ἄγχιστά πη τοῦ στόματος Πόντου τοῦ Εὐξείνου ξυνέρρεον.

§ 7.29.12 οἵπερ ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου τὸ κῆτος ἰδόντες ἔφευγον ὥς πη ἑκάστῳ δυνατὰ γέγονεν, οἱ δὲ πλεῖστοι ἀμφὶ τοῦ Σαγάριδος τὰς ἐκβολὰς ἦλθον. τινὰς μὲν οὖν αὐτῶν καταλαβὸν τὸ κῆτος καταπιεῖν εὐθὺς ἴσχυσεν.

§ 7.29.13 εἴτε δὲ πείνῃ εἴτε φιλονεικίᾳ ἔτι ἐχόμενον οὐδέν τι ἧσσον ἐδίωκεν, ἕως δὴ αὐτὸ ἄγχιστά πη τῆς γῆς ἐκπεσὸν ἔλαθεν.

§ 7.29.14 ἐνταῦθά τε ἰλύϊ βαθείᾳ κομιδῆ ἐντυχὸν ἐβιάζετο μὲν καὶ πάντα ἐκίνει, ὅπως δὴ ἐνθένδε ὅτι τάχιστα ἀπαλλάσσοιτο, διαφυγεῖν δὲ τὸ τέναγος τοῦτο οὐδαμῆ εἶχεν, ἀλλ’ ὑπὸ τῷ πηλῷ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐγίνετο.

§ 7.29.15 ἐπεὶ δὲ τοῦτο ἐς τοὺς περιοίκους ἅπαντας ἦλθε, δρόμῳ εὐθὺς ἐπ’ αὐτὸ ᾔεσαν, ἀξίναις τε πανταχόθεν ἐνδελεχέστατα κόψαντες οὐδ’ ὣς ἔκτειναν, ἀλλὰ σχοίνοις ἁδραῖς τισιν εἷλκον.

§ 7.29.16 ἕν τε ἁμάξαις ἐνθέμενοι εὕρισκον μῆκος μὲν πηχῶν μάλιστα τριάκοντα ὄν, εὖρος δὲ δέκα. ἐνταῦθά τε κατὰ συμμορίας τινὰς διασπασάμενοι οἱ μέν τινες αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἐγεύσαντο, οἱ δὲ καὶ μοῖραν ταριχεῦσαι τὴν ἐπιβάλλουσαν σφίσιν ἔγνωσαν.

§ 7.29.17 Βυζάντιοι δέ, ἐπειδὴ τῶν τε σεισμῶν ᾔσθοντο καὶ τὰ ξυμπεσόντα ἀμφί τε τῷ Νείλῳ καὶ τῷ κήτει τούτῳ ἔγνωσαν, προὔλεγον αὐτίκα ξυμβήσεσθαι ὅσα δὴ αὐτῶν ἑκάστῳ ἤρεσκε.

§ 7.29.18 φιλοῦσι γὰρ ἄνθρωποι τοῖς παροῦσι διαπορούμενοι τὰ ἐσόμενα τερατεύεσθαι, καὶ τοῖς ἐνοχλοῦσιν ἀποκναιόμενοι τὰ ξυμβησόμενα λόγῳ οὐδενὶ τεκμηριοῦσθαι.

§ 7.29.19 ἐγὼ δὲ μαντείας τε καὶ τεράτων δηλώσεις ἄλλοις ἀφιεὶς ἐκεῖνο εὖ οἶδα, ὡς ἡ μὲν τοῦ Νείλου ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας διατριβὴ μεγάλων αἰτία ἔν γε τῷ παρόντι συμφορῶν γέγονε, τὸ δὲ κῆτος ἀφανισθὲν πολλῶν ἀπαλλαγὴ κακῶν διαδείκνυται οὖσα.

§ 7.29.20 τινὲς δέ φασιν οὐ τὸ κῆτος τοῦτο, οὗπερ ἐμνήσθην, ἀλλ’ ἕτερον εἶναι, ὃ δὴ ἁλῶναι ξυνέπεσεν. ἐγὼ δὲ ὅθεν τὴν ἐκβολὴν τοῦ λόγου ἐποιησάμην ἐπάνειμι.

§ 7.29.21 Τουτίλας οὖν ταῦτα διαπεπραγμένος ἃ προδεδήλωται, ἐπεὶ Ῥωμαίους τοὺς ἐν τῷ ἐπὶ Ῥουσκιανῆς φρουρίῳ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ὑποσπανίζειν ἐπύθετο, ἐξαιρήσειν αὐτοὺς οἰόμενος ὅτι τάχιστα, ἢν μή τι ἐσκομίζεσθαι τῶν ἐπιτηδείων οἷοί τε ὦσιν, ἐστρατοπεδεύσατό τε ὡς ἀγχοτάτω καὶ ἐγκαθεζόμενος ἐς πολιορκίαν καθίστατο. καὶ ὁ χειμὼν ἔληγε, καὶ τρισκαιδέκατον ἔτος ἐτελεύτα τῷ πολέμῳ τῷδε, ὃν Προκόπιος ξυνέγραψε.

Source Colophon

Greek source text from the PerseusDL canonical Greek repository file tlg4029.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml, inspected locally for this translation unit.

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