Utigurs, Cutrigurs, Tetraxitae, and Scythians

This Good Works Translation continues the Book 8 Procopius dossier passages from the Greek.

The unit belongs to the Scythian shelf because Procopius gives one of his fullest northern Pontic ethnographic passages: Hunnic tribes above the Saginae, Utigurs, Antae, Tetraxitae Goths, the Cimmerian-Hunnic origin tale of Utigur and Cutrigur, the Scythian naming of the peoples around the Maeotis, Taurica, Bosporus, Cherson, and Hunnic nations along the Euxine.

The translation is newly made from the Greek source text printed below. Dewing's public-domain English translation was used only as a control.

Translation

Wars 8.4.1-13

Beyond the borders of the Abasgi, along the Caucasus range, dwell the Bruchi, who are between the Abasgi and the Alani; along the coast of the Euxine sea the Zechi are settled.

In ancient times the Roman emperor used to appoint a king over the Zechi, but at present these barbarians obey the Romans in no respect.

After them dwell the Saginae, and from ancient times the Romans held part of their coast.

They had built two fortresses on the coast, Sebastopolis and Pityus, two days' journey apart, and from the beginning they kept garrisons of soldiers in them.

Although in earlier times detachments of Roman soldiers held all the towns on the coast from the borders of Trapezus as far as the Saginae, as has already been said, in the end these two fortresses alone were left to them. They maintained garrisons there even to my own day, but not any longer.

For Chosroes, king of the Persians, after he had been invited by the Lazi to Petra, hastened to send an army of Persians there to take possession of these fortresses and settle down to garrison duty in them. But the Roman soldiers learned this beforehand; anticipating him, they set fire to the houses, razed the walls to the ground, and without hesitation embarked in small boats and made their way at once to the city of Trapezus on the opposite mainland. Thus, while they harmed the Roman empire by destroying the fortresses, they at the same time won it a great advantage, since the enemy did not become masters of the land. Because of this the Persians returned baffled to Petra. Thus this happened.

Above the Saginae are settled many Hunnic tribes.

From there onward the country has received the name Eulysia, and barbarian peoples hold both the coast and the interior of this land as far as the so-called Maeotic Lake and the Tanais River, which empties into the lake.

This lake has its outlet at the coast of the Euxine sea. The people settled there were called Cimmerians in ancient times, but now they are called Utigurs. Above them to the north are settled the countless tribes of the Antae.

At the exact point where the outlet of the lake begins dwell the Goths called Tetraxitae, a people not very numerous, but they reverence and observe the rites of the Christians as carefully as any people do. The inhabitants also give the name Tanais to this outlet, which starts from the Maeotic Lake and extends to the Euxine sea, a distance, they say, of twenty days' journey; and they call the wind blowing from there Tanaitis.

Whether these Goths were once of the Arian belief, as the other Gothic nations are, or whether some other peculiarity was practiced by them concerning the faith, I cannot say, since they themselves know nothing about it. At present they honor the faith with complete simplicity and much freedom from vain inquiry.

A short time ago, when the Emperor Justinian was in the twenty-first year of his reign, this people sent four envoys to Byzantium, asking him to give them a bishop; for the priest they had had died not long before, and they had learned that the emperor had sent a priest to the Abasgi. The Emperor Justinian very gladly granted their request before dismissing them.

These envoys, because they feared the Utigur Huns, made the public statement of the reason for their coming in a guarded way, since many were listening. Openly they announced nothing to the emperor except the matter concerning the priest; but when they met him with the greatest possible secrecy, they told him everything, showing how it would benefit the Roman empire if the barbarians who were their neighbors were always at odds with one another. How the Tetraxitae settled there, and whence they migrated, I shall now proceed to tell.

Wars 8.5.1-33

In ancient times a vast throng of Huns, who were then called Cimmerians, occupied the regions I have just mentioned, and one king stood over them all.

At one time a certain man gained this power; two sons were born to him, one named Utigur and the other Cutrigur.

When their father completed his life, these two divided the rule between themselves and gave their own names to those subject to them.

For this reason one group has been called Utigurs and the other Cutrigurs even to my time.

All these continued to live in this region, sharing freely in all the affairs of life, but not mingling with the people settled on the other side of the lake and its outlet. They never crossed these waters at any time, nor did they suspect that they could be crossed; fearing what was in fact easy, simply because they had never attempted it, they remained wholly ignorant that it was possible.

Beyond the Maeotic Lake and the outlet flowing from it, the first people were the Goths called Tetraxitae, whom I have just mentioned. In ancient times they lived close along the shore of this strait; the Goths, Visigoths, Vandals, and the other Gothic nations were located far away from them.

These Tetraxitae were also called Scythians in ancient times, because all the nations that hold these regions are generally called Scythians, while a few of them have an additional name, such as Sauromatae or Melanchlaenae or something else.

As time went on, they say, if indeed the story is sound, some young men of the Cimmerians were hunting, and a single doe fleeing before them leaped into these waters.

The young men, either moved by desire for glory or by some rivalry, or perhaps actually constrained by a divinity, followed this doe and absolutely refused to let it go until they came with it to the opposite shore.

Then the quarry, whatever it was, immediately disappeared from sight; for in my opinion it appeared for no other purpose than that evil should come upon the barbarians living in that region.

Thus, although the young men failed in their hunt, they found an incentive to battle and plunder.

They returned as quickly as possible to their own land and made clear to all the Cimmerians that these waters could be crossed by them.

Therefore they immediately took up arms as a nation, made the crossing without delay, and got onto the opposite mainland. This was at the time when the Vandals had already migrated from there and established themselves in Libya, while the Visigoths had settled in Spain.

So they suddenly fell upon the Goths who inhabited these plains, killed many, and turned the rest to flight.

Those who succeeded in escaping migrated from there with their children and wives, leaving their ancestral homes; by ferrying across the Ister River, they came into the land of the Romans.

At first they committed many outrages against the inhabitants of that region, but later, with the emperor's permission, they settled in Thrace. For part of this time they fought on the side of the Romans, receiving pay from the emperor every year just as the other soldiers did and being called foederati. The Romans at that time called them this in the Latin tongue, showing, I suppose, that the Goths had not been conquered by them in war, but had entered peaceful relations with them on the basis of a treaty; for the Latins call treaties in war foedera, as I have explained in the previous narrative. During the rest of the time, however, they actually made war on the Romans without cause, until they went off to Italy under the leadership of Theoderic. Thus the Goths fared.

But the Huns, after killing some of them and driving out the others, as has been said, took possession of the land.

The Cutrigurs summoned their children and wives and settled there in the very place where they have lived even to my time. Although they receive many gifts from the emperor every year, they still continually cross the Ister River and overrun the emperor's land, being both at peace and at war with the Romans.

The Utigurs, however, departed homeward with their leader, destined thereafter to live alone in that land.

When these Huns came near the Maeotic Lake, they happened upon the Goths there who are called Tetraxitae.

At first the Goths made a barrier with their shields and stood against their attackers in defense of themselves, trusting both in their own strength and in the advantage of the place; for they are the most stalwart of all the barbarians of that region.

The head of the outlet of the Maeotic Lake, where the Tetraxitae Goths were then settled, forms a crescent-shaped bay by which they were almost entirely surrounded, so that only one approach, and that not a very wide one, was open to those attacking them.

Afterward, seeing that the Huns were unwilling to waste time there and that the Goths had little hope of holding out long against the multitude of the enemy, they came to an agreement with one another.

They agreed that they would join forces and make the crossing in common; that the Goths would settle on the opposite mainland, especially along the bank of the outlet, where they are in fact settled at the present time; and that thereafter they would remain friends and allies of the Utigurs and live forever on terms of complete equality with them.

Thus these Goths settled here. As I have said, the Cutrigurs were left behind in the land on the other side of the lake, and the Utigurs alone possessed the land, causing no trouble at all for the Romans; for they do not even live near them, but are separated by many nations lying between, and are therefore compelled, against their will, not to meddle with them.

West of the Maeotic Lake and the Tanais River, then, the Cutrigur Huns established their homes over the greater part of the plains of that region, as I have said.

Beyond them Scythians and Taurians hold the whole country, a certain part of which is even now called Taurica. This is the place where they say the temple of Artemis stood, over which Iphigeneia, daughter of Agamemnon, once presided.

The Armenians, however, claim that this temple was in the part of their land called Celesene, and that at that time all the peoples of this region were called Scythians. As evidence they cite the story of Orestes and the city of Comana which I have related in that part of my narrative.

But let each person speak as he wishes about these matters; for men are accustomed to appropriate to their own country many things that happened elsewhere, or perhaps never really happened at all, and they are indignant if everyone does not follow their opinion.

Beyond these nations there is an inhabited city on the coast, named Bosporus, which became subject to the Romans not long ago.

From the city of Bosporus to the city of Cherson, which is situated on the coast and has likewise been subject to the Romans from olden times, all the territory between is held by barbarians, Hunnic nations.

Two other towns near Cherson, named Cepi and Phanaguris, have been subject to the Romans from ancient times even to my day; but not long ago these were captured by certain neighboring barbarians and razed to the ground.

From the city of Cherson to the mouth of the Ister River, which is also called the Danube, is a journey of ten days, and barbarians hold that whole region. The Ister rises in the Celtic mountains, skirts the borders of Italy, flows into the lands of Dacia, Illyricum, and Thrace, and finally empties into the Euxine sea.

From that point all the territory as far as Byzantium is under the rule of the Roman emperor.

Such is the circuit of the Euxine sea from Chalcedon to Byzantium.

As to the length of this circuit, however, I cannot speak accurately about all its parts, since, as I have said, so great a multitude of barbarians live along its shores, and the Romans have no intercourse with them except perhaps an occasional exchange of embassies. Those who have previously attempted to measure these distances have not been able to make any definite statement.

This, however, is clear: the right side of the Euxine sea, from Chalcedon to the river Phasis, is a journey of fifty-two days for an unencumbered traveler. From this one may reasonably infer that the other side of the Pontus is not far from the same measure.

Colophon

This Good Works Translation was prepared for the Scythian shelf by the New Tianmu Anglican Church from the Greek source text printed below. The Greek text was downloaded from the PerseusDL canonical Greek repository as tlg4029.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml and inspected locally. Dewing's public-domain English, preserved in the local ToposText capture and Ready archival dossier, was used only as a control.

This is the twenty-eighth unit in the Procopius Wars steppe and Black Sea translation dossier, and the third Book 8 unit.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Procopius, Wars 8.4.1-13 and 8.5.1-33

Greek source text from Procopius, Wars 8.4-5. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above.

Wars 8.4

§ 8.4.1 Μετὰ δὲ τοὺς Ἀβασγῶν ὅρους κατὰ μὲν ὄρος τὸ Καυκάσιον Βροῦχοι ᾤκηνται, Ἀβασγῶν τε καὶ Ἀλανῶν μεταξὺ ὄντες, κατὰ δὲ τὴν παραλίαν Πόντου τοῦ Εὐξείνου Ζῆχοι ἵδρυνται.

§ 8.4.2 τοῖς δὲ δὴ Ζήχοις κατὰ μὲν παλαιὸν ὁ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτωρ βασιλέα καθίστη, τὸ δὲ νῦν οὐδ’ ὁτιοῦν Ῥωμαίοις ἐπακούουσιν οἱ βάρβαροι οὗτοι.

§ 8.4.3 μετὰ δὲ αὐτοὺς Σαγίναι μὲν οἰκοῦσι, μοῖραν δὲ αὐτῶν τῆς παραλίας Ῥωμαῖοι ἐκ παλαιοῦ ἔσχον.

§ 8.4.4 φρούριά τε δειμάμενοι ἐπιθαλασσίδια δύο, Σεβαστόπολίν τε καὶ Πιτιοῦντα, δυοῖν ἡμέραιν ὁδῷ ἀλλήλοιν διέχοντα, φρουρὰν ἐνταῦθα στρατιωτῶν τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κατεστήσαντο.

§ 8.4.5 τὰ μὲν γὰρ πρότερα κατάλογοι Ῥωμαίων στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκτῆς πάντα χωρία ἐκ τῶν Τραπεζοῦντος ὁρίων ἄχρι ἐς τοὺς Σαγίνας εἶχον, ᾗπέρ μοι εἴρηται· νῦν δὲ μόνα τὰ δύο ταῦτα φρούρια ἐλέλειπτο σφίσιν, οὗ δὴ τὰ φυλακτήρια καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ εἶχον, ἐπειδὴ Χοσρόης, ὁ Περσῶν βασιλεύς, Λαζῶν αὐτὸν ἐπαγαγομένων ἐς τὴν Πέτραν, στράτευμα Περσῶν ἐνταῦθα στέλλειν ἐν σπουδῇ εἶχε, τούς τε τὰ φρούρια ταῦτα καθέξοντας καὶ καθιζησομένους ἐν τοῖς ἐνταῦθα φυλακτηρίοις.

§ 8.4.6 ἅπερ ἐπεὶ οἱ Ῥωμαίων στρατιῶται προμαθεῖν ἴσχυσαν, προτερήσαντες τάς τε οἰκίας ἐνέπρησαν καὶ τὰ τείχη ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος καθελόντες ἔς τε τὰς ἀκάτους μελλήσει οὐδεμιᾷ ἐσβάντες ἐς ἤπειρον εὐθὺς τὴν ἀντιπέρας καὶ Τραπεζοῦντα πόλιν ἐχώρησαν, ζημιώσαντες μὲν τῇ τῶν φρουρίων διαφθορᾷ τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἀρχήν, κέρδος δὲ αὐτῇ πορισάμενοι μέγα, ὅτι δὴ τῆς χώρας ἐγκρατεῖς οὐ γεγόνασιν οἱ πολέμιοι. ἄπρακτοι γὰρ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐς τὴν Πέτραν ἀνέστρεφον Πέρσαι. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τῇδε ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι.

§ 8.4.7 Ὑπὲρ δὲ Σαγίνας Οὐννικὰ ἔθνη πολλὰ ἵδρυνται. τὸ δ’ ἐντεῦθεν Εὐλυσία μὲν ἡ χώρα ὠνόμασται, βάρβαροι δὲ αὐτῆς ἄνθρωποι τά τε παράλια καὶ τὴν μεσόγειον ἔχουσι, μέχρι ἐς τὴν Μαιῶτιν καλουμένην Λίμνην καὶ ποταμὸν Τάναϊν, ὃς δὴ ἐς τὴν Λίμνην ἐσβάλλει.

§ 8.4.8 αὕτη δὲ ἡ Λίμνη ἐς τὴν ἀκτὴν Πόντου τοῦ Εὐξείνου τὰς ἐκβολὰς ποιεῖται. ἄνθρωποι δὲ οἳ ταύτῃ ᾤκηνται Κιμμεριοι μὲν τὸ παλαιὸν ὠνομάζοντο, τανῦν δὲ Οὐτίγουροι καλοῦνται.

§ 8.4.9 καὶ αὐτῶν καθύπερθεν ἐς βορρᾶν ἄνεμον ἔθνη τὰ Ἀντῶν ἄμετρα ἵδρυνται. παρὰ δὲ τὸν χῶρον αὐτὸν ὅθεν ἡ τῆς Λίμνης ἐκβολὴ ἄρχεται, Γότθοι οἱ Τετραξῖται καλούμενοι ᾤκηνται, οὐ πολλοὶ ὄντες, οἳ δὴ τὰ Χριστιανῶν νόμιμα σεβόμενοι περιστέλλουσιν οὐδενὸς ἧσσον.

§ 8.4.10 ʽΤάναϊν δὲ καλοῦσιν οἱ ἐπιχώριοι καὶ τὴν ἐκβολὴν ταύτην, ἥπερ ἐκ Λίμνης ἀρξαμένη τῆς Μαιώτιδος ἄχρι ἐς τὸν Εὔξεινον Πόντον διήκει, ἐς ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν, ὥς φασιν, εἴκοσιν. ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἄνεμον ὃς ἐνθένδε πνεῖ Ταναΐτην προσαγορεύουσιν.ʼ

§ 8.4.11 εἴτε δὲ τῆς Ἀρείου δόξης ἐγένοντό ποτε οἱ Γότθοι οὗτοι, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα Γοτθικὰ ἔθνη, εἴτε καὶ ἄλλο τι ἀμφὶ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῖς ἤσκητο, οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ ἴσασιν, ἀλλ’ ἀφελείᾳ τε τανῦν καὶ ἀπραγμοσύνῃ πολλῇ τιμῶσι τὴν δόξαν.

§ 8.4.12 Οὗτοι ὀλίγῳ πρότερον ʽλέγω δέ, ἡνίκα πρῶτόν τε καὶ εἰκοστὸν ἔτος Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς τὴν αὐτοκράτορα εἶχεν ἀρχὴν’ πρέσβεις τέτταρας ἐς Βυζάντιον ἔπεμψαν, ἐπίσκοπον σφίσι τινὰ δεόμενοι δοῦναι· ἐπεὶ ὅστις μὲν αὐτοῖς ἱερεὺς ἦν τετελευτήκει οὐ πολλῷ πρότερον, ἔγνωσαν δὲ ὡς καὶ Ἀβασγοῖς ἱερέα βασιλεὺς πέμψειε· καὶ αὐτοῖς προθυμότατα Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἐπιτελῆ ποιήσας τὴν δέησιν ἀπεπέμψατο.

§ 8.4.13 οἱ δὲ πρέσβεις οὗτοι δέει Οὔννων τῶν Οὐτιγούρων ἐς μὲν τὸ ἐμφανές, αὐτηκόων πολλῶν ὄντων, ἀποστοματίζοντες ὅτου δὴ ἕνεκα ἥκοιεν, ἄλλο οὐδὲν ὅτι μὴ τὰ ἀμφὶ τῷ ἱερεῖ βασιλεῖ ἤγγειλαν, ὡς λαθραιότατα δὲ ξυγγενόμενοι ἅπαντα φράζουσιν, ὅσα συνοίσειν τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῇ ἔμελλε, ξυγκρουομένων ἐς ἀλλήλους ἀεὶ τῶν σφίσι προσοίκων βαρβάρων. ὅντινα δὲ τρόπον οἱ Τετραξῖται καὶ ὅθεν ἀναστάντες ἐνταῦθα ἱδρύσαντο, ἐρῶν ἔρχομαι.

Wars 8.5

§ 8.5.1 Πάλαι μὲν Οὔννων, τῶν τότε Κιμμερίων καλουμένων, πολύς τις ὅμιλος τὰ χωρία ταῦτα ἐνέμοντο ὧν ἄρτι ἐμνήσθην, βασιλεύς τε εἷς ἅπασιν ἐφειστήκει.

§ 8.5.2 καί ποτέ τις αὐτῶν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔσχεν, ᾧ δὴ παῖδες ἐγένοντο δύο, ἅτερος μὲν Οὐτιγοὺρ ὄνομα, Κουτριγοὺρ δὲ ὁ ἕτερος.

§ 8.5.3 οἵπερ, ἐπειδὴ αὐτοῖν ὁ πατὴρ τὸν βίον συνεμετρήσατο, τήν τε ἀρχὴν ἄμφω ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς διεδάσαντο καὶ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις αὐτοῖς ἔδοσαν·

§ 8.5.4 οἱ μὲν γὰρ Οὐτίγουροι, οἱ δὲ Κουτρίγουροι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ὀνομάζονται. οὗτοι μὲν ἅπαντες τῇδε ᾤκηντο, κοινὰ μὲν τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ξύμπαντα ἔχοντες, οὐκ ἐπιμιγνύμενοι δὲ ἀνθρώποις οἳ δὴ τῆς τε Λίμνης καὶ τῆς ἐνθένδε ἐκροῆς ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ θάτερα ἵδρυντο, ἐπεὶ οὔτε διέβαινόν ποτε τὰ ὕδατα ταῦτα οὔτε διαβατὰ εἶναι ὑπώπτευον, πρὸς τὰ εὐκολώτατα περίφοβοι ὄντες, τῷ μηδὲ ἀποπειράσασθαι αὐτῶν πώποτε, ἀλλ’ ἀμελέτητοι τῆς διαβάσεως παντάπασιν εἶναι.

§ 8.5.5 Λίμνην δὲ τὴν Μαιῶτιν καὶ τὴν ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐκβολὴν ὑπερβάντι εὐθὺς μὲν ἐς αὐτήν που τὴν ταύτης ἀκτὴν οἱ Τετραξῖται καλούμενοι Γότθοι τὸ παλαιὸν ᾤκηντο, ὧν ἐπεμνήσθην ἀρτίως· πολλῷ δὲ αὐτῶν ἄποθεν Γότθοι τε καὶ Οὐισίγοτθοι καὶ Βανδίλοι καὶ τὰ ἄλλα Γοτθικὰ γένη ξύμπαντα ἵδρυντο.

§ 8.5.6 οἳ δὴ καὶ Σκύθαι ἐν τοῖς ἄνω χρόνοις ἐπεκαλοῦντο, ἐπεὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἅπερ τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία εἶχον, Σκυθικὰ μὲν ἐπὶ κοινῆς ὀνομάζεται, ἔνιοι δὲ αὐτῶν Σαυρομάται ἢ Μελάγχλαινοι, ἢ ἄλλο τι ἐπεκαλοῦντο.

§ 8.5.7 Προϊόντος δὲ τοῦ χρόνου, φασίν, εἴπερ ὁ λόγος ὑγιής ἐστι, τῶν μὲν Κιμμερίων νεανίας τινὰς ἐν κυνηγεσίῳ διατριβὴν ἔχειν, ἔλαφον δὲ μίαν πρὸς αὐτῶν φεύγουσαν ἐς τὰ ὕδατα ἐσπηδῆσαι ταῦτα.

§ 8.5.8 τούς τε νεανίας, εἴτε φιλοτιμίᾳ εἴτε φιλονεικίᾳ τινὶ ἐχομένους, ἢ καί τι δαιμόνιον αὐτοὺς κατηνάγκασε, τῇ ἐλάφῳ ἐπισπέσθαι ταύτῃ, μηχανῇ τε μεθίεσθαι αὐτῆς οὐδεμιᾷ, ἕως ξὺν αὐτῇ ἐς τὴν ἀντιπέρας ἀκτὴν ἵκοντο.

§ 8.5.9 καὶ τὸ μὲν διωκόμενον ὅ τι ποτ’ ἦν εὐθὺς ἀφανισθῆναι· ʽδοκεῖν γάρ μοι οὐδὲ ἄλλου του ἕνεκα ἐνταῦθα ἐφάνη, ὅτι μὴ τοῦ γενέσθαι κακῶς τοῖς τῇδε ᾠκημένοις βαρβάροισ̓ τοὺς δὲ νεανίας τοῦ μὲν κυνηγεσίου ἀποτυχεῖν, μάχης δὲ ἀφορμὴν καὶ λείας εὑρέσθαι.

§ 8.5.10 ἐς ἤθη γὰρ τὰ πάτρια ὅτι τάχιστα ἐπανήκοντες ἔνδηλα πᾶσι Κιμμερίοις πεποίηνται ὅτι δὴ ταῦτα βατὰ σφίσι τὰ ὕδατα εἴη. ἀνελόμενοι οὖν αὐτίκα τὰ ὅπλα πανδημεί τε διαβάντες ἐγένοντο μελλήσει οὐδεμιᾷ ἐν τῇ ἀντιπέρας ἠπείρῳ, Βανδίλων μὲν ἤδη ἐνθένδε ἀναστάντων ἐπί τε Λιβύης ἱδρυσαμένων, ἐν Ἱσπανίᾳ δὲ Οὐισιγότθων οἰκησαμένων.

§ 8.5.11 Γότθοις οὖν τοῖς ἐς τὰ τῇδε ᾠκημένοις πεδία ἐξαπιναίως ἐπιπεσόντες πολλοὺς μὲν ἔκτειναν, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἐτρέψαντο ἅπαντας.

§ 8.5.12 ὅσοι τε αὐτοὺς διαφυγεῖν ἴσχυσαν, ξὺν παισί τε καὶ γυναιξὶν ἐνθένδε ἀναστάντες ἀπέλιπον μὲν τὰ πάτρια ἤθη, διαπορθμευσάμενοι δὲ ποταμὸν Ἴστρον ἐν γῇ τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἐγένοντο.

§ 8.5.13 Καὶ πολλὰ μὲν τοὺς ταύτῃ ᾠκημένους δεινὰ ἔδρασαν, μετὰ δὲ δόντος βασιλέως ᾠκήσαντο ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης χωρία, καὶ τὰ μὲν ξυνεμάχουν Ῥωμαίοις, τάς τε συντάξεις ὥσπερ οἱ ἄλλοι στρατιῶται πρὸς βασιλέως κομιζόμενοι ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος καὶ φοιδερᾶτοι ἐπικληθέντες· οὕτω γὰρ αὐτοὺς τότε Λατίνων φωνῇ ἐκάλεσαν Ῥωμαῖοι, ἐκεῖνο, οἶμαι, παραδηλοῦντες, ὅτι δὴ οὐχ ἡσσημένοι αὐτῶν τῷ πολέμῳ Γότθοι, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ ξυνθήκαις τισὶν ἔνσπονδοι·

§ 8.5.14 ἐγένοντο σφίσι· φοίδερα γὰρ Λατῖνοι τὰς ἐν πολέμῳ καλοῦσι ξυνθήκας, ᾗπέρ μοι ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν δεδήλωται λόγοις· τὰ δὲ καὶ πόλεμον πρὸς αὐτοὺς διέφερον οὐδενὶ λόγῳ, ἕως ᾤχοντο ἀπιόντες ἐς Ἰταλίαν, Θευδερίχου ἡγουμένου σφίσι. τὰ μὲν οὖν τῶν Γότθων τῇδε κεχώρηκεν.

§ 8.5.15 Οὖννοι δὲ αὐτῶν τοὺς μὲν κτείναντες, τοὺς δέ, ὥσπερ ἐρρήθη, ἐξαναστήσαντες τὴν χώραν ἔσχον. καὶ αὐτῶν Κουτρίγουροι μὲν παῖδάς τε καὶ γυναῖκας μεταπεμψάμενοι ἐνταῦθα ἱδρύσαντο,

§ 8.5.16 οὗ δὴ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ᾤκηνται. καὶ δῶρα μὲν πολλὰ πρὸς βασιλέως ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος κομίζονται, καὶ ὣς δὲ διαβαίνοντες ποταμὸν Ἴστρον καταθέουσιν ἐσαεὶ τὴν βασιλέως χώραν,

§ 8.5.17 ἔνσπονδοί τε καὶ πολέμιοι Ῥωμαίοις ὄντες. Οὐτίγουροι δὲ ξὺν τῷ ἡγουμένῳ ἐπ’ οἴκου ἀπεκομίζοντο, μόνοι τὸ λοιπὸν ἐνταῦθα καθιζησόμενοι.

§ 8.5.18 οἵπερ ἐπειδὴ Λίμνης τῆς Μαιώτιδος ἀγχοῦ ἐγένοντο, Γότθοις ἐνταῦθα τοῖς Τετραξίταις καλουμένοις ἐνέτυχον.

§ 8.5.19 καὶ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα φραξάμενοι ταῖς ἀσπίσιν οἱ Γότθοι ἀντικρὺ τοῖς ἐπιοῦσιν ὡς ἀμυνόμενοι ἔστησαν, σθένει τε τῷ σφετέρῳ καὶ χωρίου ἰσχύϊ θαρσοῦντες· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀλκιμώτατοι ἁπάντων εἰσὶ τῶν τῇδε βαρβάρων.

§ 8.5.20 καὶ ἡ πρώτη τῆς Μαιώτιδος ἐκροή, οὗ δὴ τότε οἱ Τετραξῖται Γότθοι ἵδρυντο, ἐν κόλπῳ ξυνιοῦσα μηνοειδεῖ, περιβαλοῦσά τε αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον, μίαν ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς εἴσοδον οὐ λίαν εὐρεῖαν τοῖς ἐπιοῦσι παρείχετο.

§ 8.5.21 ὕστερον δὲ ʽοὔτε γὰρ Οὖννοι χρόνον τινὰ τρίβεσθαι σφίσιν ἐνταῦθα ἤθελον, οἵ τε Γότθοι τῷ τῶν πολεμίων ὁμίλῳ ἐπὶ πολὺ ἀνθέξειν οὐδαμῆ ἤλπιζον’ ἐς λόγους ἀλλήλοις ξυνίασιν, ἐφ’ ᾧ ἀναμιχθέντες κοινῇ ποιήσονται τὴν διάβασιν, καὶ οἱ Γότθοι ἱδρύσονται μὲν ἐν τῇ ἀντιπέρας ἠπείρῳ παρ’ αὐτὴν τῆς ἐκβολῆς μάλιστα τὴν ἀκτήν, ἵνα δὴ καὶ τανῦν ἵδρυνται, φίλοι δὲ καὶ ξύμμαχοι τὸ λοιπὸν Οὐτιγούροις ὄντες ἐπὶ τῇ ἴσῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ σφίσιν ἐνταῦθα βιώσονται τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα.

§ 8.5.22 οὕτω μὲν οὖν οἵδε οἱ Γότθοι τῇδε ἱδρύσαντο καὶ τῶν Κουτριγούρων, ὥσπερ μοι εἴρηται, ἀπολελειμμένων ἐν γῇ τῇ ἐπὶ θάτερα τῆς Λίμνης οὔσῃ μόνοι Οὐτίγουροι τὴν χώραν ἔσχον, πράγματα Ῥωμαίοις ὡς ἥκιστα παρεχόμενοι, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ αὐτῶν ἄγχιστα ᾤκηνται, ἀλλ’ ἔθνεσι πολλοῖς διειργόμενοι μεταξὺ οὖσιν ἀκουσίῳ ἀπραγμοσύνῃ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἔχονται.

§ 8.5.23 Ὑπερβάντι δὲ Λίμνην τε τὴν Μαιώτιδα καὶ ποταμὸν Τάναϊν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον μὲν τῶν τῇδε πεδίων Κουτρίγουροι Οὖννοι, ᾗπέρ μοι ἐρρήθη, ᾠκήσαντο· μετὰ δὲ αὐτοὺς Σκύθαι τε καὶ Ταῦροι ξύμπασαν ἔχουσι τὴν ταύτῃ χώραν, ἧσπερ μοῖρά τις Ταυρικὴ καὶ νῦν ἐπικαλεῖται, ἵνα δὴ καὶ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος τὸν νεὼν γεγονέναι φασίν, οὗπέρ ποτε ἡ τοῦ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἰφιγένεια προὔστη.

§ 8.5.24 καίτοι Ἀρμένιοι ἐν τῇ παρ’ αὐτοῖς Κελεσηνῇ καλουμένῃ χώρᾳ τὸν νεὼν τοῦτον γεγονέναι φασὶ Σκύθας τε τηνικάδε ξύμπαντας καλεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐνταῦθα ἀνθρώπους, τεκμηριούμενοι τοῖς ἀμφί τε Ὀρέστῃ καὶ πόλει Κομάνῃ δεδιηγημένοις μοι ἐς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ λόγου.

§ 8.5.25 ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων λεγέτω ἕκαστος ὥς πη αὐτῷ βουλομένῳ ἐστί· πολλὰ γὰρ τῶν ἑτέρωθι γεγενημένων, ἴσως δὲ καὶ οὐδαμῆ ξυμπεπτωκότων, ἄνθρωποι προσποιεῖσθαι φιλοῦσιν ὡς πάτρια ἤθη, ἀγανακτοῦντες, ἢν μὴ τῇ δοκήσει τῇ αὐτῶν ἅπαντες ἕπωνται.

§ 8.5.26 Μετὰ δὲ τὰ ἔθνη ταῦτα πόλις θαλασσία οἰκεῖται, Βόσπορος ὄνομα, Ῥωμαίων κατήκοος γενομένη οὐ πολλῷ πρότερον.

§ 8.5.27 ἐκ δὲ Βοσπόρου πόλεως ἐς πόλιν Χερσῶνα ἰόντι, ἣ κεῖται μὲν ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ, Ῥωμαίων δὲ καὶ αὐτὴ κατήκοος ἐκ παλαιοῦ ἐστί, βάρβαροι, Οὐννικὰ ἔθνη, τὰ μεταξὺ ἅπαντα ἔχουσι.

§ 8.5.28 καὶ ἄλλα δὲ πολίσματα δύο ἀγχοῦ Χερσῶνος, Κῆποί τε καὶ Φανάγουρις καλούμενα, Ῥωμαίων κατήκοα ἐκ παλαιοῦ τε καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦν. ἅπερ οὐ πολλῷ ἔμπροσθεν βαρβάρων τῶν πλησιοχώρων ἑλόντες τινὲς ἐς ἔδαφος καθεῖλον.

§ 8.5.29 ἐκ δὲ Χερσῶνος πόλεως ἐς τὰς ἐκβολὰς ποταμοῦ Ἴστρου, ὃν καὶ Δανούβιον καλοῦσιν, ὁδὸς μέν ἐστιν ἡμερῶν δέκα, βάρβαροι δὲ τὰ ἐκείνῃ ξύμπαντα ἔχουσιν.

§ 8.5.30 Ἴστρος δὲ ποταμὸς ἐξ ὀρέων μὲν τῶν Κελτικῶν ῥεῖ, περιιὼν δὲ τὰς Ἰταλίας ἐσχατιάς, φερόμενός τε ἐπὶ τὰ Δακῶν καὶ Ἰλλυριῶν καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης χωρία, ἐκβάλλει ἐς τὸν Εὔξεινον Πόντον. τὰ δὲ ἐνθένδε ἅπαντα μέχρι ἐς Βυζάντιον τοῦ Ῥωμαίων βασιλέως τυγχάνει ὄντα.

§ 8.5.31 Ἡ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Εὐξείνου Πόντου περίοδος ἐκ Καλχηδόνος μέχρι ἐς Βυζάντιον ταύτῃ πη ἔχει.

§ 8.5.32 ἐς ὅσον δὲ ἡ περίοδος ἥδε διήκει, ἅπαντα μὲν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν, βαρβάρων, ὥσπερ μοι ἐρρήθη, ᾠκημένων ἐνταῦθα τοσούτων τὸ πλῆθος, ἐπιμιξίας τε Ῥωμαίοις παρ’ αὐτῶν τινάς, ὅτι μὴ ὅσα κατὰ πρεσβείαν, ἴσως οὐδεμιᾶς οὔσης· ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τοῖς πρότερον ταῦτα ἐγκεχειρηκόσι διαμετρήσασθαι ἐς τὸ ἀκριβές τι ξυμβαίνει εἰρῆσθαι.

§ 8.5.33 ἐκεῖνο μέντοι διαφανές ἐστιν, ὡς Πόντου τοῦ Εὐξείνου τὰ ἐν δεξιᾷ, εἴη δ’ ἂν ἐκ Καλχηδόνος ἐς ποταμὸν Φᾶσιν, δυοῖν καὶ πεντήκοντα ὁδὸς ἡμερῶν ἐστὶν εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρί· ᾧ δὴ οὐκ ἀπὸ τρόπου τεκμηριούμενος φαίη ἄν τις καὶ τὴν ἑτέραν τοῦ Πόντου μοῖραν μέτρου τοῦδε εἶναι οὐ πολλῷ ἄποθεν.

Source Colophon

Greek source text from the PerseusDL canonical Greek repository file tlg4029.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml, inspected locally for this translation unit.

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