Tuesday, August 11, 2026 · 天火 · tianmu.org

The Assyrian Prophecies — State Archives of Assyria 9

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State Archives of Assyria 9 — Oracles to Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal

Between roughly 680 and 631 BCE, during the reigns of the Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and his son Assurbanipal, scribes at Nineveh set down on clay the words of prophets who spoke, in the first person, as the goddess Ištar of Arbela — and sometimes as Mullissu, or Aššur himself. Eleven tablets carrying these oracles survive, excavated at Kuyunjik (ancient Nineveh) and now held in the British Museum. They fall into three groups, following the print edition's own division: four tablets gathering several oracles onto a single tablet as "collections"; two individual oracle reports addressed to Esarhaddon; and five oracle reports concerning, or addressed to, Assurbanipal.

Most of the named speakers are women — Issar-la-tašiyaṭ, Bayâ, Ilussa-amur, Urkittu-šarrat, Dunnaša-amur, and others, nearly all "of Arbela," the city of Ištar's great temple, though a few come from elsewhere. The oracles share a distinctive register: the goddess addresses the king directly, often as "my calf" or "my king," promising to fight his enemies, guard his throne, and give him "long days and everlasting years," and returning again and again to the same reassurance — "Fear not." Many lines are broken or lost outright; what survives is a working archive of political prophecy, not a finished literary text, and it reads that way — abrupt, urgent, and repetitive by design.

The English below is the State Archives of Assyria online (SAAo) project's own published translation, reproduced complete and verbatim as continuous reading prose; nothing has been added, paraphrased, or supplied by this library. Brackets and ellipses are SAAo's own markers for damaged or restored text. Seven lines across four of the eleven tablets are too damaged for SAAo itself to have published a translation; each such gap is noted in place rather than filled.

Contents

Chapter One. The Oracle Collections

SAA 09 001–004.

SAA 09 001

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 04310; 4 R 2 61. Prophets named: Issar-la-tašiyaṭ of Arbela, Sinqiša-amur of Arbela, Remutti-Allati of Dara-ahuya, Baya of Arbela, Ilussa-amur of the Inner City, Issar-beli-da’’ini, royal votaress, Ahat-abiša of Arbela, La-dagil-ili of Arbela, two unknown prophets. Assigned to Esarhaddon's reign, c. 673 BC. SAA 09 001; SAAo P333952.

Obverse, Column i

[......] strong (f.) [......] is wide (f.) [......]... [Esarh]addon, king of the lands, fear [not]! What wind has risen against you, whose wing I have not broken? Your enemies will roll before your feet like ripe apples. I am the Great Lady; I am Ištar of Arbela, who cast your enemies before your feet. What words have I spoken to you that you could not rely upon? I am Ištar of Arbela. I will flay your enemies and give them to you. I am Ištar of Arbela. I will go before you and behind you. Fear not! You are paralysed, but in the midst of woe I will rise and sit down (beside you). By the mouth of Issar-la-tašiyaṭ of Arbela. King of Assyria, have no fear! I will deliver up the enemy of the king of Assyria for slaughter. [I will] keep you safe and [make] you [great in] your Palace of Succession. I am the Gr[eat Lady. I am Ištar o]f Arbela [......] from his midst

Obverse, Column ii

What [......] I would not have heard you? [The enemies...] in neck st[ocks, [the vassals] under tribu[te]; I defea[ted] your enemy in a single [encounter]. I have given you faith, I do not sit (idle)! By the mouth of the woman Sinqiša-amur of Arbela. I rejoice with Esarhaddon, my king; Arbela rejoices! By the mouth of the woman Remutti-Allati of Dara-ahuya, a town in the mountains. Fear not, Esarhaddon! I am Bel. (Even as) I speak to you, I watch over the beams of your heart. When your mother gave birth to you, sixty great gods stood with me and protected you. Sin was at your right side, Šamaš at your left; sixty great gods were standing around you and girded your loins. Do not trust in man. Lift up your eyes, look to me! I am Ištar of Arbela; I reconciled Aššur with you. When you were small, I took you to me. Do not fear; praise me! What enemy has attacked you while I remained silent? The future shall be like the past. I am Nabû, lord of the stylus. Praise me! By the mouth of the woman Bayâ, 'son'(!) of Arbela.

Obverse, Column iii

I will [......] you shall [.....]. I am Mu[llissu (...)]. By the mouth of the woman Ilussa-am[ur] of the Inner City. I am Ištar of [Arbela]. Esarhaddon, king of A[ssyria]! In the Inner City, Nineveh, Calah and Arbela I will give long days and everlasting years to Esarhaddon, my king. I am your great midwife, I am your excellent wet nurse. For long days and everlasting years I have established your throne under the great heavens. I watch in a golden chamber in the midst of the heavens; I let the lamp of amber shine before Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, and I watch him like the crown of my head. Have no fear, my king! I have spoken to you, I have not lied to you; I have given you faith, I will not let you come to shame. I will take you safely across the River.

[1 line of the Obverse, Column iii is too damaged for SAAo's published translation; nothing is invented here to fill the gap.]

Obverse, Column iv

Esarhaddon, rightful heir, son of Mullissu! With an angry dagger in my hand I will finish off your enemies. O Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, cup filled with lye, axe of two shekels! Esarhaddon! I will give you long days and everlasting years in the Inner City. O Esarhaddon, I will be your good shield in Arbela. Esarhaddon, ri[ghtful] heir, son of Mul[lissu]! I am mindful of you, I have loved you greatly. I keep you in the great heavens by your curl. I make smoke rise up on your right side, I kindle fire on your left. The kingship [is] stro[ng] on [......]

Obverse, Column v

[......] shall not receive [...] from him. I will cut the conspiring weasels and shrews to pieces before his feet. You (f.) are you. The king is my king! By the mouth of the woman Issar-beli-da''ini, a votaress of the king. I am the Lady of Arbela. To the king's mother: Because you implored me, saying: "You have placed the ones at the (king's) right and left side in your lap, but made my own offspring roam the steppe" — Now fear not, my king! The kingdom is yours, yours is the power! By the mouth of the woman Ahat-abiša of Arbela. All is well with Esarhaddon, king of Assyria. Ištar of Arbela has gone out to the steppe and sent (an oracle of) well-being to her calf in the city. At [her] coming out [......]

Obverse, Column vi

[Fear not, Esarhad]don! [I am the Lady of Arb]ela. [O Esarhaddon, whos]e bosom [Iš]tar of Arbela has filled with favour! Could you not rely on the previous utterance which I spoke to you? Now you can rely on this later one too. Praise me! When daylight declines, let them hold torches! Praise me before them! I will banish trembling from my palace. You shall eat safe food and drink safe water, and you shall be safe in your palace. Your son and grandson shall rule as kings on the lap of Ninurta. By the mouth of La-dagil-ili of Arbela.

SAA 09 002

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 12033 + 1882-05-22, 0527; TI pl.2f+. Prophets named: Nabu-hussanni of the Inner City, Baya of Arbela, La-dagil-ili of Arbela, Urkittu-šarrat of Calah, Sinqiša-amur of Arbela, unknown prophet. Assigned to Esarhaddon's reign, c. 679 BC. SAA 09 002; SAAo P337152.

Column i

[...... sp]oke [... have stre]ngthened [......] their [......] I will give [... I am] the Creatress. I will put [...] in order and consolidate [the throne of Esarha]ddon. [......]. We are the goddesses [...... i]n Esaggil. Esarhaddon, king of Assyria! I will seize [your enemies] and trample [them under my foot]. [Be not a]fraid, mother of the king. [From the mouth of Nabû]-hussanni of the Inner City. [Have no fe]ar, Esarhaddon! [Like a] skilled pilot [I will st]eer [the ship] into a good port. [The fu]ture [shall] be like the past; [I will go] around you and protect you. [The watch over] the lands is very strong. [Sixty gods are standing at] my [right side], sixty gods at my left. Esarhaddon, king of Assyria! I will vanquish yo[ur enemies]. [......] I am their lord [... from] my hand they have received [......] strengthened me [......] Esarhaddon [......]s of the heavens [......] old age [......] I will make him go [......] I will consolidate [...... I will l]ight [...... the w]ell-being of [Esarhadd]on [......] I will [...]. [From the mouth of Bayâ] of Arbela. [I am the La]dy of Arbela. [Esarhaddon, king of] Assyria, [fear not!]

Column ii

[I will annihilate] whatever enemies you [have]. As for [you, stay] in your palace; I will [reconcile] Assyria with you. I will protect [you] by day and by dawn and [consolidate] your crown. Like a winged bird ov[er its young] I will twitter over you and go in circles around you. Like a beautiful (lion) cub I will run about in your palace and sniff out your enemies. I will keep you safe in your palace; I will make you overcome anxiety and trembling. Your son and grandson shall rule as kings before Ninurta. I will abolish the frontiers of all the lands and give them to you. Mankind is deceitful; I am one who says and does. I will sniff out, catch and give you the 'noisy daughter.' As for you, praise me! Gather into your innards these words of mine from Arbela: The gods of Esaggil languish in the 'steppe' of mixed evil. Quickly let two burnt offerings be sent out to their presence, and let them go and announce your well-being! From the mouth of La-dagil-ili of Arbela. Thus shall you answer the disloyal ones! The word of Ištar of Arbela, the word of Queen Mullissu: I will look, I will listen, I will search out the disloyal ones, and I will put them into the hands of my king. I will speak to the multi[tudes]: Listen, sunr[ise] and sunset! I will create [......]. The word of Ištar [of Arbela] to [......]

Column iii

Be on [your] guard [......] the augur[s......] I myself [......] I will roll many [......] I will choose and catc[h......] I [......]. How, how (to answer) those who... many [men], saying, "When will the change in the land come about? Let us not stay in Calah and Nineveh!" As for you, keep silent, Esarhaddon! I will choose the emissaries of the Elamite and the Mannean. I will seal the writings of the Urarṭian. I will cut off the... of Mugallu. Who (then) is the lone man? Who is the wronged man? Have no fear! Well sheltered is Esarhaddon, king of Assyria. From the mouth of the woman Urkittu-šarrat of Calah. Esarhaddon, have no fear! I will put Assyria in order and reconcile the angry gods with Assyria. I will pull away the cover of your enemies and shed the blood of my king's enemies. I will protect my king; I will bring enemies in neck stocks and vassals with tribute before his feet. I am your father and mother. I raised you between my wings; I will see your success. Have no fear, Esarhaddon! I will place you between my arm and my forearm. In woe I will vanquish the enemies of my king. I will put Assyria in order, I will put the kin[gdom of] heaven in order. [...] [t]he sunri[se......] [the sunse]t [......]

Column iv

[...... to a]vert [......] Aššur [...... y]ou [... Esaggi]l, Babylon [......] I am on my guard [...... to my] king I gave [......]. [I am Urk]ittu. Praise me! [Wherever you g]o, I will guard you. [......] you [......] Praise me! [......] very [...... s]trong, you [......] Have no fear! [......] your eyes [I will re]concile [......] [Have no fear], my calf! I will cover your figure [......]. [I will sh]elter you [between my uppe]r arm [and my forearm]. [......] righteous [...... you s]eek me [......] in my presence [......] I will put your kingdom in order. [As for you, mother of the king], have no fear! [......] the support of Aššur. [Esarhaddon], have no fear!

[3 lines of the Column iv are too damaged for SAAo's published translation; nothing is invented here to fill the gap.]

SAA 09 003

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 02401; ABRT 1 22-23. Prophet named: La-dagil-ili of Arbela. Assigned to Esarhaddon's reign, c. 680 BC. SAA 09 003; SAAo P334927.

Column i

(Beginning destroyed) favour [......] give [......]! He has taken care of [...], he has promoted th[eir...]. Heaven and earth are [well]; Ešarra is [wel]l; Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, is [well]. [May the well-b]eing which Esarhaddon [has established] gain footing! Aššur has arranged [a feast in] Ešarra. [......] of the Inner City [...... Es]arhaddon [......] [...... l]ifts up [......] the lands [......] before Aššur [......] with Esarhaddon [......] they come [......] they burn [... t]o his mother [...]... three pillars [...] he runs his [ey]e over [...]. [List]en, O Assyrians! [The king] has vanquished his enemy. [You]r [king] has put his enemy [under] his foot, [from] sun[se]t [to] sun[ris]e, [from] sun[ris]e [to] sun[se]t! I will destroy [Meli]d, [I will de]stroy [...], [I will......],

Column ii

I will deliver the Cimmerians into his hands and set the land of Ellipi on fire. Aššur has given the totality of the four regions to him. From sunrise to sunset there is no king equal to him; he shines as brilliantly as the sun. This is the (oracle of) well-being placed before Bel-Tarbaṣi and the gods. Now then, these traitors provoked you, had you banished, and surrounded you; but you opened your mouth (and cried): "Hear me, O Aššur!" I heard your cry. I issued forth as a fiery glow from the gate of heaven, to hurl down fire and have it devour them. You were standing in their midst, so I removed them from your presence. I drove them up the mountain and rained (hail)stones and fire of heaven upon then. I slaughtered your enemies and filled the river with their blood. Let them see (it) and praise me, (knowing) that I am Aššur, lord of the gods. This is the well-being (placed) before the Image. This covenant tablet of Aššur enters the king's presence on a cushion. Fragrant oil is sprinkled, sacrifices are made, incense is burnt, and they read it out in the king's presence. The word of Ištar of Arbela to Esarhaddon, king of Assyria: Come, gods, my fathers and brothers, [enter] into the cove[nant......]

Column iii

[She placed] a slice of... on the [ter]race and gave them water from a cooler to drink; she filled a flagon of one seah with water from a cooler and gave it to them with the words: "In your hearts you say, 'Ištar is slight,' and you will go to your cities and districts, eat (your) bread and forget this covenant. "(But when) you drink from this water, you will remember me and keep this covenant which I have made on behalf of Esarhaddon." The word of Ištar of Arbela to Esarhaddon, king of Assyria: As if I did not do or give you anything! Did I not bend the four doorjambs of Assyria, and did I not give them to you? Did I not vanquish your enemy? Did I not collect your haters and foes [like but]terflies? [As for yo]u, what have you given to me? [There is no fo]od for my banquet, as if there were no temple; I [am depri]ved of my food, I am d[ep]rived of my cup! I am waiting for them, I have cast my eye upon them. Verily, establish a seah of bowl food and a one-seah flagon of sweet beer! Let me take and put in my mouth vegetables and soup, let me fill the cup and drink from it, let me restore my charms!

Column iv

(Break) let me lift [......] [let m]e go [......] I went up [......] and arranged [a fea]st [...]. [When] I was [there, they said: "We know] that you are Ištar [of A]rbela." I set out [for] Assyria to see yo[ur success], to tread the mountains [with my feet], [and to spea]k about Esarhaddon. [No]w rejoice, Esarhaddon! [I have be]nt [the four doorjamb]s of Assyria and given them to you; I have vanquished yo[ur enemy. The mood of the people] who stand with you has been turned upside down. [From thi]s you shall see [that] I am [Ištar of] Arbela. [As soon as the traitors] have been dragged forth, ['the ones at the right and] left side' shall stand there to bear [the punishment]. (As for) those cou]rtiers and palace [personnel who] rebelled [against] you, [I have sur]rounded them and impaled them by their teeth. [La-dagil-i]li, a prophet of [Arbela, prophesied (this) when......] Ištar [......].

SAA 09 004

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, 1883-01-18, 0839. Assigned to Esarhaddon's reign, c. 680 BC. SAA 09 004; SAAo P336677.

[Esarhaddo]n, king of Assyria, [......] I will [catch... and wease]ls, (and) I will [cast them before] your feet. [As for yo]u, fe[ar] not! [......] I will v[anquish] the later [......] You shall... yo[ur......] [...] I will p[ut......] [...] massive in [...]

[1 line is too damaged for SAAo's published translation; nothing is invented here to fill the gap.]

Chapter Two. Oracle Reports to Esarhaddon

SAA 09 005–006.

SAA 09 005

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 06259; TI pl.4. Assigned to Esarhaddon's reign, c. 680-669 BC. SAA 09 005; SAAo P337153.

Obverse

The word of Ištar of Arbela [to the king's mother:...] My knees are bent fo[r......]. Mullissu [has heard] the cry [of her calf]. Gird (f.) your loins! [......] of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria [......] Ninurta [shall go] at the right and left side o[f.......] [shall put] his enemies under [his] foot [......] I will g[o out] to the Palace of the Steppe [...]

Bottom Edge

I will give security for [Esarhaddon, king of Assyria] [His] e[nemies]

Reverse

within [......] I will [......] The enemy who [......] the enemy who... [...] we will cast [before his feet] and g[o...]. Glorify (pl.) [...] Mullissu! [......] are those of Šamaš, until my father [......].

SAA 09 006

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, 1891-05-09 Bu, 0106 + 1891-05-09 Bu, 0109. Prophet named: Tašmetu-ereš of Arbela. Assigned to Esarhaddon's reign, c. 680-669 BC. SAA 09 006; SAAo P336678.

Obverse

Ištar of Arbe[la has said:......] "I will put in order [......] I will put in order [......] ... [......] "the city [......] Th[ey...]ed [......] they entered [......] of the king [......] they killed [......]

Bottom Edge

I will c[ast......]

Reverse

"I do not [......] help [......] I heard and [......] your enemies [......] this [......] prophes[ied......] [wit]hin [......] who prophes[ied......] before [......] until [your] enemi[es......].

Top Edge

[T]ašmetu-ereš, a [prophet of......], pro[phesied] (this) in the city of Arbela.

Chapter Three. Oracle Reports to Assurbanipal

SAA 09 007–011.

SAA 09 007

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 00883; ABRT 1 26-27. Prophet named: Mullissu-kabtat. Assigned to Esarhaddon's reign, c. 674-671 BC. SAA 09 007; SAAo P334928.

Obverse

The prophetess Mullissu-kabtat (has said): "It is the word of Queen Mullissu: Fear not, Assurbanipal! "Until I have done and given to you what I promised, until you rule as king over the sons of the bearded courtiers and the successors of the eunuchs, [I will look af]ter you in the Palace of Succession; [your father] shall gird the diadem [...]. "[The... king]s of the lands shall say to one another: ['Come, let us] go to Assurbanipal! The king has witnesses! [Whatever the god]s decreed for our fathers and forefathers, [let him now] arbitrate between us.' "[Mullis]su [has] said: [You shall ru]le over [the king]s of the lands; you shall show them their frontiers and set the courses they take. "Secondly, let me tell you: I will finish the land of Gomer like (I finished) Elam.

Reverse

"... I will break the thorn, I will pluck the bramble into a tuft of wool, I will turn the wasps into a squash. "Like a centipede, like a...! You say, 'What does it mean, like a centipede, like a...?' Like a centipede I will enter Egypt, like a... I will come out. "You whose mother is Mullissu, have no fear! You whose nurse is the Lady of Arbela, have no fear! "I will carry you on my hip like a nurse, I will put you between my breasts (like) a pomegranate. At night I will stay awake and guard you; in the daytime I will give you milk; at dawn I will play 'watch, watch your...' with you. As for you, have no fear, my calf, whom I (have) rear(ed)."

SAA 09 008

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 01545; ABL 1280. Assigned to Ashurbanipal's reign, c. 646 or 653 BC. SAA 09 008; SAAo P334828.

Obverse

Words [concerning the Elam]ites. [God] says as follows: "I have go[ne and I ha]ve come." He s[ai]d (this) five, six times, and then: "I have come from the [m]ace. I have pulled out the snake which was inside it, I have cut it in pieces, and I have broken the mace." And (he said): "I will destroy Elam; its army shall be levelled to the ground. In this manner I will finish Elam."

SAA 09 009

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 01292 + DT 130; ZA 24 169+. Prophet named: Dunnaša-amur of Arbela. Assigned to Ashurbanipal's reign. SAA 09 009; SAAo P337163.

Obverse

[O prote]ge of Mullissu, [...] of the Lady of Arbela! [They] are the strongest among the gods; they [lov]e and keep sending their love [to] Assurbanipal, the creation of their hands. [They g]ive him heart for the sake of his life: I roam the desert desiring your [lif]e. I cross over rivers and oceans, I traverse mountains and mountain chains, I cross over all rivers. Droughts and showers consume me and affect my beautiful figure. I am worn out, my body is exhausted for your sake. I have ordained life for you in the assembly of all the gods. My arms are strong, they shall not forsake you before the gods. My shoulders are alert, they will keep carrying you. I keep demanding life for you with my lips; [...] your life; you shall increase life. [O favourite of] Nabû, may your lips rejoice! [I keep spe]aking good words about you [in the assembly of] all [the gods]; I roam the desert [desiri]ng [your life]. [In woe I will r]ise and slau[ghter] your enemy; [your...] will [...] and retur[n] to his country.

Reverse

May Mullissu and the Lady of Arbela keep Assurbanipal, the creation of their hands, alive for ever! By the mouth of the woman Dunnaša-amur [of Arbe]la. Nis[an] 18, eponymy of Bel-šadû'a, governor of Tyre (650).

SAA 09 010

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, 1883-01-18, 0726; CT 53 946. Prophet named: Dunnaša-amur of Arbela. Assigned to Ashurbanipal's reign, c. 668-ca. 631 BC. SAA 09 010; SAAo P314355.

Obverse

we [......] because [......] before [......] face [......]

[2 lines of the Obverse are too damaged for SAAo's published translation; nothing is invented here to fill the gap.]

Reverse

shall be [......] shall bring me out [......] shall give the kingship [......] of all lands [......] the day when you [......] and those who are lo[yal......] I will lengthen [......]

Left Edge

[...] the woman Dunnaša-amur (said): "[......] [...] the prophetess who [......]

SAA 09 011

Tablet; clay; Kuyunjik (Nineveh). British Museum, K 01974; CT 53 219. Assigned to Ashurbanipal's reign, c. 668-ca. 631 BC. SAA 09 011; SAAo P313634.

Reverse

[...] wen[t......] did you/she [not] go t[o......] "days... [......] "I will vanquish the enemy of Assurbanipal [......] "Sit down! I will put the lands in orde[r......] "In my pr[evious] vision [......] "very [much]; a golden star ornament [......] [a t]able, one 'litre' of strong bread upon [it......] a... platter [......] [...]s pulled taut [......] [un]der the [golden] star ornament [......] [at] my head [......] [s]tar[s......]

Colophon

Source and license. This edition reproduces the English translation of the State Archives of Assyria online (SAAo, oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa09/), the digital edition of S. Parpola, Assyrian Prophecies (State Archives of Assyria 9; Helsinki University Press, 1997), lemmatised by Mikko Luukko (2012) as part of the AHRC-funded research project "Mechanisms of Communication in an Ancient Empire: The Correspondence between the King of Assyria and his Magnates in the 8th Century BC" (AH/F016581/1; University College London), directed by Karen Radner, fetched 2026-08-07. SAAo states its content is "released under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license"; the project's own machine-readable data files carry the further statement "This data is released under the CC0 license" (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Both statements are recorded here; this edition credits SAAo, Simo Parpola, and Mikko Luukko regardless of which license term governs a given file, per academic courtesy and the Good Work Library's own attribution practice.

What this edition is. The English text above is SAAo's own published translation of all eleven tablets edited in Parpola's Assyrian Prophecies, reproduced complete and verbatim from the project's HTML reading editions and reformatted from an interlinear line-by-line display into continuous reading prose. The three-part division (Oracle Collections; Oracle Reports to Esarhaddon; Oracle Reports to Assurbanipal) follows the print edition's own chapters, and each tablet's obverse, reverse, edges, and columns are marked where the source itself marks them. No word has been altered, paraphrased, or supplied by this library. Brackets, ellipses, and parenthetical markers such as "(f.)," "(!)," and "(?)" are SAAo's own, recording damaged, restored, or grammatically uncertain cuneiform. Seven lines across four tablets — SAA 09 001, 002, 004, and 010 — are too damaged for SAAo itself to have published a translation; each such gap is marked in place rather than filled.

Composite identification. Each tablet above is given by its SAA 9 catalogue number, its British Museum registration or excavation number where recorded, its citation in the earlier Assyriological literature (4 R, ABL, ABRT, CT 53, TI, ZA) where SAAo notes one, and its SAAo text ID (a CDLI P-number beginning with P), under which the full transliteration and morphological analysis can be studied further at SAAo's own site.

Prepared for the Good Work Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church with AI-assisted research, transcription, and editorial work.

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