Xi Zhou Ce — the strategies of Western Zhou, seat of the old royal capital and the Nine Cauldrons

The Strategies of the Warring States (Zhanguo Ce) is Liu Xiang's Han-dynasty compilation, arranged by state, of the persuasions, stratagems, and anecdotes that Warring States wandering counselors used to move the courts of their age. This book, the Strategies of Western Zhou (Xi Zhou Ce), carries the record of the elder and more prestigious of the two rump Zhou domains, the one that held the old royal capital and the Nine Cauldrons themselves. It opens with Han Qing's persuasion of Lord Xue not to exhaust himself attacking Qin on Han and Wei's behalf once he had already spent nine years enriching them, and carries You Teng's warning to the king of Chu that the honors Western Zhou showed the Qin envoy Chuli Ji were fear, not friendship, told through the old stories of Zhi Bo's gift-bell trick against Qiuyou and Duke Huan's feint against Cai.

The book goes on to Su Dai's negotiation that saved Western Zhou from Han's wartime levy of armor and grain during the siege of Yongshi, trading a worn-out town for the whole of Zhou's loyalty; to Su Li's warning to the victorious general Bai Qi, framed as the parable of the archer Yang Youji, who could hit a hundred targets in a hundred shots yet was told that the one shot he did not need to take would undo them all; and to the dispute that closes the book, in which the exchange of territory between Han and Wei threatens to leave Western Zhou and its two rump neighbor states encircled and its patrons Chu and Zhao endangered besides. Each episode stands under its own heading drawn from its opening line.

Names of persons and states are given in Hanyu pinyin without tone marks, with the Chinese characters supplied at first appearance; the standing rivalry of the Vertical Alliance (合從) against the Horizontal Alliance (連橫) and the recurring device of the parable — an archer, a stolen bell, a divided grove of power elsewhere in the Strategies — mark the persuasive style of this book as much as of its companion. The commentary of Bao Biao and Yao Hong travels with the source text below in its own untranslated layer, along with the collation notes set in 〔 〕.

Translated for the Good Works Library directly from the classical Chinese, which is printed in full below. J. I. Crump's Chan-kuo Ts'e (1970; revised 1996) is the standing complete English translation of the Strategies of the Warring States; it is named here as a control-in-existence but was not consulted, and this translation makes no claim of firstness.

Contents

• Strategies of Western Zhou (西周策)
  • Lord Xue Uses Qi to Attack Chu on Behalf of Han and Wei (薛公以齊為韓魏攻楚)
  • Qin Attacks the Army of the Wei General Xi Wu at Yique (秦攻魏將𡱝武軍於伊闕)
  • Qin Sends Chuli Ji into Zhou with a Hundred Chariots (秦令樗里疾以車百乘入周)
  • The Campaign at Yongshi (雍氏之役)
  • The Lord of Zhou Goes to Qin (周君之秦)
  • Su Li Speaks to the Lord of Zhou (蘇厲謂周君)
  • The Chu Army Lies South of the Mountain (楚兵在山南)
  • Chu Requests a Road Between the Two Zhous (楚請道於二周之間)
  • Bu the Minister of Justice Speaks to the Lord of Zhou for Zhou Zui (司寇布為周最謂周君)
  • Qin Summons the Lord of Zhou (秦召周君)
  • Xi Wu Is Defeated at Yique (𡱝武敗於伊闕)
  • Han and Wei Exchange Territory (韓魏易地)
  • Qin Wishes to Attack Zhou (秦欲攻周)
  • Gong Ta Speaks to the Lord of Zhou (宮他謂周君)
  • A Speech to the King of Qi (謂齊王)
  • The Three States Attack Qin and Turn Back (三國攻秦反)
  • Xi Wu Is Defeated (𡱝武敗)

Translation

Strategies of Western Zhou (西周策)

Lord Xue Uses Qi to Attack Chu on Behalf of Han and Wei (薛公以齊為韓魏攻楚)

Lord Xue (薛公) used Qi to attack Chu on behalf of Han and Wei, and then joined Han and Wei in attacking Qin, borrowing troops and begging grain from Western Zhou. Han Qing (韓慶), on behalf of Western Zhou, said to Lord Xue:

"My lord, you used Qi to attack Chu on behalf of Han and Wei, and for nine years you took Wan and Ye and the country north of them, and by this made Han and Wei strong. Now you attack Qin as well, to add to their strength. If Han and Wei have no anxiety from Chu in the south and no trouble from Qin in the west, then their lands will be broad and their weight will grow greater, and Qi will surely be made light of. Now root and branch flourish by turns, and emptiness and fullness each have their season; privately I think your position a dangerous one.

"You would do better to let our poor state come to terms with Qin in secret, while you yourself do not attack and do not borrow troops or beg grain. Bear down upon the Hangu Pass without attacking, and let our poor state carry your true intention to the King of Qin, saying: 'Lord Xue will surely not break Qin in order to enlarge Han and Wei; the reason he has advanced his troops is that he wants Your Majesty to order Chu to cut off its eastern territory and give it to Qi.'

"The King of Qin will release the King of Chu in order to make peace. You will have had our poor state render Qin this good turn, and Qin, escaping destruction and freeing itself at the cost of Chu's eastern territory, will certainly want it. When the King of Chu is released he will be grateful to Qi; Qi will gain the eastern territory and grow the stronger for it, and Xue will be free of trouble generation after generation. Qin will not be greatly weakened, and lying as it does to the west of the Three Jin, the Three Jin will be bound to hold Qi in esteem."

Lord Xue said, "Good." He therefore sent Han Qing into Qin, and had the three states refrain from attacking Qin, and refrain from borrowing troops and begging grain from Western Zhou.

Qin Attacks the Army of the Wei General Xi Wu at Yique (秦攻魏將𡱝武軍於伊闕)

Qin attacked the army of the Wei general Xi Wu (犀武) at Yique, and then advanced its troops to attack Zhou. Someone spoke to Li Dui (李兌) on behalf of Zhou Zui (周最):

"My lord, you would do better to forbid Qin's attack on Zhou. For Zhao, no plan is better than one that sets Qin and Wei fighting again. Now if Qin attacks Zhou and takes it, its host will surely suffer many wounds. If Qin wishes to hold what it has gained in Zhou, it will certainly not attack Wei; and if Qin attacks Zhou and fails to take it, then with the toil of its victory over Wei behind it and the failure of its attack on Zhou before it, it will again certainly not attack Wei.

"Now if you forbid it while Qin has not yet made peace with Wei, and with the whole of Zhao behind you order Qin to halt, Qin will not dare to disobey. Thus you will have driven Qin back and settled Zhou. When Qin leaves Zhou, it will surely attack Wei again. Wei will not be able to hold out, and will certainly come to terms through you — and then you will be a man of weight. And if Wei does not come to terms but resists hard, then you will have preserved Zhou while Qin and Wei fight each other. In that case too the weight of it all rests wholly with Zhao."

Qin Sends Chuli Ji into Zhou with a Hundred Chariots (秦令樗里疾以車百乘入周)

Qin sent Chuli Ji (樗里疾) into Zhou with a hundred chariots. The lord of Zhou received him with a company of soldiers, and with great respect. The King of Chu was angry, and reproached Zhou for honoring the guest from Qin. You Teng (游騰) said to the King of Chu:

"Long ago Zhi Bo (智伯) wished to attack Qiuyou (厹由). He sent it a great bell, carried on a broad wagon, and followed the wagon in with his troops. Qiuyou was destroyed in the end, and the reason was that it had made no preparation. When Duke Huan attacked Cai, he proclaimed that he was attacking Chu, but in truth he fell upon Cai unawares.

"Now Qin is a state of tigers and wolves, and it harbors besides the intention of swallowing Zhou. It has sent Chuli Ji into Zhou with a hundred chariots. The lord of Zhou is afraid of this, and takes warning from Cai and from Qiuyou. Therefore he set long weapons in front and strong crossbows behind, calling it an escort for Ji, while in truth it was a guard upon a prisoner. How could the lord of Zhou fail to cherish his own state? He feared that his state might be lost in a single day, and that this would be a grief to Your Majesty."

The King of Chu was then pleased.

The Campaign at Yongshi (雍氏之役)

In the campaign at Yongshi, Han requisitioned armor and grain from Zhou. The lord of Zhou was troubled by it and told Su Dai (蘇代). Su Dai said, "Why be troubled? I can make Han cease requisitioning armor and grain from you, and I can also get Gaodu for you." The lord of Zhou was greatly pleased and said, "If you can indeed do it, I will put my state at your disposal."

Su Dai then went to see Gongzhong (公仲), the chancellor of Han, and said: "Have you not heard Chu's calculation? Zhao Ying (昭應) said to the King of Chu, 'The house of Han is worn out by war, its granaries are empty, and it has nothing with which to hold its walls. I shall gather it in by hunger; in no more than a month I shall take it.' Now they have besieged Yongshi for five months and cannot take it — this is Chu's own distress. The King of Chu has begun to disbelieve Zhao Ying's plan. But now you requisition armor and grain from Zhou, and this is to announce your weakness to Chu. When Zhao Ying hears of it, he will surely urge the King of Chu to add troops for the siege of Yongshi, and Yongshi will certainly be taken."

Gongzhong said, "Good. But my envoy has already set out."

Dai said, "Why do you not give Gaodu to Zhou?"

Gongzhong said angrily, "That I should refrain from requisitioning armor and grain from Zhou is already much. Why should I give them Gaodu as well?"

Dai said, "If you give them Gaodu, Zhou will certainly bend and come over to Han. When Qin hears of it, it will be greatly angered, will burn Zhou's credentials, and will no longer let Zhou's envoys pass. So you would be getting a whole Zhou at the price of a worn-out Gaodu. Why not give it?"

Gongzhong said, "Good." He did not requisition armor and grain from Zhou, and gave it Gaodu. Chu in the end could not take Yongshi and withdrew.

The Lord of Zhou Goes to Qin (周君之秦)

The lord of Zhou was going to Qin. Someone said to Zhou Zui: "You would do better to praise the filial devotion of the King of Qin, and on that ground offer Ying (應) as an estate for the maintenance of the Queen Dowager. The King of Qin and the Queen Dowager will surely be delighted, and thus you will have Qin on your side. If relations turn out well, the lord of Zhou will certainly count it your merit; and if relations turn out badly, those who urged the lord of Zhou to enter Qin will be the ones held guilty."

Su Li Speaks to the Lord of Zhou (蘇厲謂周君)

Su Li (蘇厲) said to the lord of Zhou: "It was Bai Qi (白起) who broke Han and Wei, killed Xi Wu, attacked Zhao, and took Lin, Lishi, and Qi — all of it. This is skill in the use of arms, and Heaven's mandate besides. Now he is to attack Liang; Liang will surely be broken, and if it is broken, Zhou is in danger. You had better stop him. Say to Bai Qi:

"'In Chu there was one Yang Youji (養由基), a fine archer. He would stand a hundred paces from a willow leaf and shoot at it, and a hundred shots would hit a hundred times. All about him cried, "Excellent!" One man passing by said, "A fine archer — he can be taught to shoot."

"'Yang Youji said, "Everyone calls me good; you alone say I can be taught to shoot. Why do you not shoot in my place?"

"'The stranger said, "I cannot teach you to brace the left arm and bend the right. But as for shooting willow leaves and hitting a hundred times out of a hundred — if you do not stop while you are still doing well, then in a little while your breath and strength will tire, your bow will pull crooked and your arrow bend, and one shot that misses will wipe out all your former achievement."

"'Now it is you who broke Han and Wei, killed Xi Wu, attacked Zhao in the north, and took Lin, Lishi, and Qi. Your achievements are very many. And now you would take Qin's troops out beyond the frontier, pass the two Zhous, tread through Han, and attack Liang. Should one attack fail, all your former achievement would be wiped out. You had better plead illness and not go out.'"

The Chu Army Lies South of the Mountain (楚兵在山南)

The Chu army lay south of the mountain, and the general Wude (吾得) was about to fasten the King of Chu's anger upon Zhou. Someone said to the lord of Zhou:

"You would do better to have the heir apparent lead out the marshal of the army to meet Wude at the frontier, while you yourself meet him in the outskirts, so that all the world may know how highly you esteem Wude. Then let it leak out to Chu, saying: 'The thing with which the lord of Zhou serves Wude is a bronze vessel, and its name is Plot Against Chu.' The king will certainly demand it, and since Wude will have nothing to hand over, the king will certainly hold him guilty."

Chu Requests a Road Between the Two Zhous (楚請道於二周之間)

Chu asked for a road between the two Zhous in order to bear down upon Han and Wei, and the lord of Zhou was troubled by it. Su Qin (蘇秦) said to the lord of Zhou:

"Clear the road and carry it through as far as the Yellow River. Han and Wei will certainly detest it. Qi and Qin, fearing that Chu means to take the Nine Cauldrons, will certainly rescue Han and Wei and attack Chu. Chu cannot hold what lies beyond Fangcheng — how then could it keep a road between the two Zhous? And if the four states do not detest it, then though you may not wish to grant it, Chu will simply take it for itself."

Bu the Minister of Justice Speaks to the Lord of Zhou for Zhou Zui (司寇布為周最謂周君)

Bu (布), the minister of justice, spoke to the lord of Zhou on behalf of Zhou Zui:

"Your Lordship has sent men to tell the King of Qi that Zhou Zui is unwilling to be made heir apparent. For your sake I cannot approve of it.

"Hanye Shi (函冶氏) bought a fine sword for the Grand Duke of Qi. The duke did not know its quality, returned the sword, and demanded his gold back. A man of Yue offered a thousand in gold for it; even so the price fell short, and Hanye Shi would not sell. When he was about to die he charged his son, saying, 'Never let the knowing of it be yours alone.'

"Now your making Zui heir apparent is a bond that only the two of you know, and there is no one in the world who trusts it. I fear the King of Qi will take it that Your Lordship truly means to install Guo (果), and only makes a show of yielding the place to Zui in order to sell the story to Qi. You will be thought full of tricks and Zui full of deceit. Why do you not buy goods that can be trusted? Let there be no stinting in the support and provision you give Zui, and let the world see it."

Qin Summons the Lord of Zhou (秦召周君)

Qin summoned the lord of Zhou, and the lord of Zhou found it hard to go. Someone spoke to the King of Wei on the lord of Zhou's behalf:

"Qin has summoned the lord of Zhou, meaning to use him to attack Wei's Nanyang. Why does Your Majesty not send troops out into Henan? When the lord of Zhou hears of it, he will make it his excuse to Qin and not go. And if the lord of Zhou does not enter Qin, Qin will certainly not dare to cross the river and attack Nanyang."

Xi Wu Is Defeated at Yique (𡱝武敗於伊闕)

When Xi Wu was defeated at Yique, the lord of Zhou went to Wei to ask for rescue, and the King of Wei put him off by pleading the urgency of Shangdang. On his way back the lord of Zhou saw the park at Liang and delighted in it. Qimu Hui (綦母恢) said to the lord of Zhou, "The park at Wen is not inferior to this, and it is nearer besides. I can get it for you, my lord."

He went back and saw the King of Wei. The king said, "Does the lord of Zhou bear me a grudge?"

He replied: "He bears no grudge. And who would bear Your Majesty a grudge? But I have a worry on Your Majesty's behalf. The lord of Zhou was the head of the plan. He staked his whole state to shield Your Majesty against Qin, and Your Majesty gave him no shield in return. I foresee that he will certainly take his state over to the service of Qin. Qin will bring out all its troops from beyond the passes, together with the host of Zhou, to attack Nanyang, and the two Shangdang will be cut off."

The King of Wei said, "Then what is to be done?"

Qimu Hui said: "In his position the lord of Zhou gains nothing by serving Qin, yet he is fond of small advantages. If Your Majesty now grants him a garrison of thirty thousand men together with the park at Wen, the lord of Zhou will have something to say to his elders and his people, and will take his pleasure in the profit of the park at Wen, and he will certainly not join with Qin. I have heard that the revenue of the park at Wen is eighty in gold a year. If the lord of Zhou obtains the park at Wen, what he renders to Your Majesty in service will be a hundred and twenty in gold a year. So Shangdang will be free of trouble, and there will be a surplus of forty in gold besides."

The King of Wei therefore sent Meng Mao (孟卯) to convey the park at Wen to the lord of Zhou, and granted him the garrison.

Han and Wei Exchange Territory (韓魏易地)

Han and Wei exchanged territory, and this was not to Western Zhou's advantage. Fan Yu (樊餘) said to the King of Chu:

"Zhou is bound to perish. In this exchange of lands between Han and Wei, Han gains two counties and Wei loses two counties. The reason Wei does it is that it will wholly enclose the two Zhous — which is worth more than two counties, for the Nine Cauldrons are kept there. Moreover, if Wei holds Nanyang, the lands of Zheng, and Sanchuan, and encloses the two Zhous besides, then what lies beyond Chu's Fangcheng is in danger; and if Han joins the two Shangdang and by them bears down upon Zhao, then what lies above Zhao's Yangchang, the Sheep's Gut defile, is in danger. Therefore, on the day the exchange is completed, both Chu and Zhao will be made light of."

The King of Chu took fright, and through Zhao put a stop to the exchange.

Qin Wishes to Attack Zhou (秦欲攻周)

Qin wished to attack Zhou. Zhou Zui said to the King of Qin:

"For one who plans on behalf of Your Majesty's state, the counsel is: do not attack Zhou. To attack Zhou brings in truth no profit worth having to the state, while the report of it makes the world fear and hate you. When the world fears Qin at the report of it, it will surely turn east and join with Qi. Your troops will be worn out upon Zhou while the world is joined to Qi, and then Qin will stand alone and will not be king. It is because the world wishes to exhaust Qin that it urges Your Majesty to attack Zhou. And if Qin and the world are exhausted together, then your commands will no longer range at will even over Zhou."

Gong Ta Speaks to the Lord of Zhou (宮他謂周君)

Gong Ta (宮他) said to the lord of Zhou:

"Wan relied on Qin and made light of Jin; Qin suffered famine, and Wan was destroyed. Zheng relied on Wei and made light of Han; Wei attacked Cai, and Zheng was destroyed. Zhu and Ju were destroyed by Qi; Chen and Cai were destroyed by Chu. In every case they relied on a state that would support them and made light of the enemy near at hand. Now Your Lordship relies on Han and Wei and makes light of Qin; I fear the state will be injured. You would do better to send Zhou Zui to come to terms with Zhao in secret as a guard against Qin — then you will not be broken."

A Speech to the King of Qi (謂齊王)

Someone said to the King of Qi, "Why does Your Majesty not make Zhou Zui a present of land, so that he may be made heir apparent?"

The King of Qi then ordered Sima Han (司馬悍) to advance Zhou Zui's cause in Zhou with gifts. Zuo Shang (左尚) said to Sima Han:

"If Zhou does not listen, then your wisdom will be shown up as helpless, and relations with Zhou will be broken off. You would do better to say to the lord of Zhou: 'Whom do you wish to install? Have someone tell Han of it quietly, and Han will ask the king to advance him with a grant of land.'"

By this Zuo Shang obtained his post.

The Three States Attack Qin and Turn Back (三國攻秦反)

The three states attacked Qin and turned back, and Western Zhou feared that Wei would borrow a road through it. Someone spoke to the King of Wei on Western Zhou's behalf:

"It is not to the advantage of Chu and Song that Qin should feel grateful to the three states. They will attack Your Majesty's settlements in order to serve Qin's advantage."

The King of Wei took fright, and ordered his army to set its camps and hasten east.

Xi Wu Is Defeated (𡱝武敗)

When Xi Wu was defeated, Zhou sent Zhou Zu (周足) to Qin. Someone said to Zhou Zu:

"Why do you not say to the lord of Zhou: 'If I go to Qin, relations between Qin and Zhou will certainly turn bad. Among my lord's ministers there is one whom Qin holds in esteem and who wants the chancellorship; he will speak ill of me in Qin, and I shall be made out unfit for the mission. I beg to be relieved of my office before I go. Let my lord then make him chancellor; once he has the post, he will not speak ill of Zhou in Qin.'

"The lord holds Qin in high regard, and that is why he sends his chancellor. To go while giving up the chancellorship would be to make light of Qin, so you will certainly not be relieved of it. Speak in this way and then go: if relations with Qin turn out well, it will be your own accomplishment; and if relations with Qin turn out badly, the man who is no friend to you will be the one punished."

Colophon

This file was prepared for the Chinese shelf of the Good Works Library, translated independently from the classical Chinese text printed below. Each persuasion and anecdote keeps its own heading as the 士禮居叢書 text divides it, and speeches are rendered as continuous direct discourse rather than broken into summary. Only the main text is translated; the interlinear commentary of Bao Biao and Yao Hong, together with the collation notes set in 〔 〕, are printed in the source layer but not rendered into English.

J. I. Crump's Chan-kuo Ts'e (1970; revised 1996) is a complete published English translation of the Zhanguo Ce and is named here as a control-in-existence; it was not fetched or consulted in preparing this file, and no claim of firstness is made for this translation.

A note on one name: the lord of Zhou in this book is Western Zhou's own ruler, kept distinct throughout from the lord of Zhou who appears in the companion book of Eastern Zhou; both domains use the same title for their heads, and the source's own context, not a supplied gloss, is what distinguishes them episode by episode.

Prepared for the Good Work Library by the Tianmu Anglican Church with AI-assisted translation and editorial work.

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Source Text: 戰國策 西周策

Classical Chinese text in the Chinese Wikisource transcription of the 士禮居叢書 edition, with the commentary of Bao Biao and Yao Hong and the collation notes set in 〔 〕 as the transcription carries them. Presented complete for reference, study, and verification alongside the English translation above; the commentary is not translated.

西周策

〔鮑本西周　漢志，河南、洛陽、穀城、平陰、偃師、鞏、緱氏，皆周地也。正曰：按大事記，周貞定王二十八年考王初立，封其弟揭於河南，是為河南桓公。河南即郟鄏。武王遷九鼎，周公營以為都，是為王城。洛陽，周公所營下都，以遷頑民，是為成周。平王東遷，定都王城。王子朝之亂，敬王徙都成周。至是考王以王城故地封桓公焉。平王東遷之後，所謂西周者，豐鎬也；東周者，東都也。威烈王以後，所謂西周者，河南也；東周者，洛陽也。何以稱河南為西周？自洛陽下都視王城，則在西也。何以稱洛陽為東周？自河南王城視下都，則在東也。河南桓公卒，子威公立。威公卒，子惠公立。考王十五年，河南惠公復自封其少子班於鞏以奉王，號東周，沒亦謚惠。是時東、西周雖未分治，河南惠公既號奉王者為東周，亦必自號西周矣。顯王二年，趙與韓分周為二，於是東西各為列國。顯王雖在東周，特建空名。是後史傳所載致伯賜胙之類，周王也。征伐謀策稱東、西周君者，皆謂二周也。周本紀云，赧王時，東、西周分治，非也。赧王特徙都西周耳，當以趙世家為正（以上并大事記文）。按高誘注，西周王城，今河南；東周成周，今洛陽。世本云，西周桓公名揭，居河南；東周惠公名班，居洛陽。及索隱、正義所載甚詳。獨邵子經世書紀赧王為西周君與東周惠公並，而不紀西周公，仍舊誤也。鮑考之不精，即以西周為王，謂之正統，謂東不得先於西，亂易舊次，此開卷第一繆。近時陳振孫書錄，特舉其首西周為美，亦失考，所當改正從舊。又考春秋，書王城、成周。公羊傳曰，王城者何？西周也；成周者何？東周也。說亦甚明。昭二十六年，天王入于成周。左傳以十二月入王城，三十二年，城成周。蓋敬王定遷，在既城之後，而孫莘老、胡康侯皆以成周即京師，亦未考王城、成周之實，而誤合為一也。要之，此文古今說者，多以迷瞀致誤。故大事記辨之甚詳，且實因鮑氏而發。近有著東西周辨者，其說亦然，而不引呂子，豈未之見邪？徐廣云，周地亡，凡七縣，河南止緱氏。此是合東、西周地言之。今總注，蓋因正統之說而誤者。〕

薛公以齊為韓魏攻楚

薛公〔姚本薛，齊邑也。齊公子田嬰也，孟嘗君田文之父也。封於薛，號靖郭毛君，今屬魯國也。鮑本靖郭君田嬰之子孟嘗君田文也。襲其父封薛。薛屬魯國。〕以齊為韓、魏攻楚，〔鮑本楚懷二十六年，齊、韓、魏攻楚，此十二年也。〕又與韓、魏攻秦，〔鮑本齊閔二十六年為韓、魏攻秦，此十七年也。正曰：此據史。按通鑑、大事記，赧王二年，當閔王元年。此當作十六年。〕而藉兵乞食於西周。〔姚本食，糧也。　鮑本藉，猶借。〕韓慶〔姚本韓慶，西周臣也。　鮑本凡韓皆韓人，其在周，去韓仕周也。凡非本國人，皆自其國求仕者也。〕為西周〔姚本續：史記，蘇代為西周。〕謂薛公曰：「君以齊為韓、魏攻楚，九年而〔鮑本「年」下無「而」字。○　「九」字誤，當云「六」或「五」。〕取宛、葉〔鮑本二縣屬南陽。補曰：宛，於袁反，鄧州縣。葉，舒涉反，汝州縣。〕以北以〔鮑本「以」作「為」。○　補曰：一本「而取宛、葉以北以強韓、魏」。　札記丕烈案：史記作「以」，無「而」字。〕強韓、魏，今又攻秦以益之。〔姚本益韓、魏之強也。　鮑本益其強。〕韓、魏南無楚憂，西無秦患，則地廣而益重，〔姚本廣，多也。重，尊也。〕齊必輕矣。〔姚本益韓、魏，韓、魏重而齊輕也。〕夫本末更〔鮑本更，猶迭。〕盛，虛實有時，〔鮑本言不可常。〕竊為君危之。〔姚本謂薛公。危，不安也。　鮑本并言齊、薛今雖善，韓、魏復或為患。〕君不如令弊邑〔鮑本周也。〕陰合於〔姚本陰，私也。　鮑本「於」作「為」。○　札記丕烈案：史記作「於」。〕秦而君無攻，〔姚本無攻秦也。　鮑本但出兵臨秦，不用攻也。〕又無藉兵乞食。〔姚本勿示秦以少兵少糧也。　鮑本勿示秦以弱。〕君臨函谷而無攻，〔姚本臨，猶守也。函谷，關名也，在弘農城北，今在新安東。無攻秦。　鮑本臨，言以兵至其地。補曰：正義云，陝州桃林縣西南有洪溜澗，古函谷也。今屬靈寶縣。〕令弊邑以君之情〔鮑本心所欲也。〕謂秦王〔鮑本昭襄。〕曰：『薛公必〔鮑本「必」下補「不」字。○　補曰：史，下有「不」字，是。〕破秦以張〔姚本張，彊也。　鮑本張，去音，大之也。〕韓、魏，所以進兵者，欲王令楚割東國以與齊也。』〔鮑本「也」作「而」。○　補曰：史作「而」。楚之東地，即楚策「下東國」云。〕秦王出楚王以為和，〔姚本出，歸也。是時張儀誘楚懷王令召秦，秦使質之，故曰歸楚王以為和。　鮑本懷。楚懷三十年，張儀誘楚王會秦，秦留之。此十六年也。〕君令弊邑以此忠〔鮑本「忠」作「患」。○　札記今本「忠」作「惠」，鮑本作「患」。丕烈案：史記作「惠」。〕秦，秦得無破，〔鮑本「破」作「攻」。○　秦得無攻，周之力也。　札記丕烈案：史記作「破」。「破秦」，上文有。鮑改誤甚。〕而以楚之東國〔姚本楚東國，近齊南境者也。〕自免也，必欲之。楚王出，必德齊，〔鮑本齊出之，齊之恩也。〕齊得東國而益強，〔姚本恩德齊，使得歸，楚王必以東國與齊也。〕而薛世世無患。秦不大弱，〔鮑本無三國之兵故。〕而處之三晉之西，〔姚本三晉，晉三卿韓氏、魏氏、趙氏分晉而君之，故曰三晉也。〕三晉必重齊。」〔鮑本秦居晉西，不弱而善齊，三晉畏秦，故齊重。〕薛公曰：「善。」因令韓慶入秦，而使三國無攻秦，而使不藉兵乞食於西周。〔鮑本孟嘗傳有。今按楚記，三國攻楚，秦救之，引去。與此言取宛、葉小駁。正曰：大事記，穎濱蘇氏云，秦昭王欺楚懷王，要之割地。諸侯孰視，無敢一言問秦者。惟田文怨秦，借楚為名，與韓、魏伐秦，自山東難秦，未有若此其壯者也。惜其聽蘇代之計，臨函谷而無攻，以求楚東國，而名義索然以盡。由此觀之，秦惟不遇桓、文之君，故橫行而莫之制，世豈有以大義而屈於不義者哉？　「為強」、「為和」之「為」，如字，餘去聲。〕

秦攻魏將𡱝武軍於伊闕

秦攻魏將𡱝武軍於伊闕，〔鮑本唐志，為縣，屬河南。注，北有伊闕故關。此役秦昭十四年，此二十二年。補曰：正義云，水經注，禹疏龍門以通水，兩山相對若闕，故謂之伊闕。今洛南猶謂之龍門也。諸本「犀」作「𡱝」，當正。　札記丕烈案：「𡱝」即「犀」別體耳。後策文殺𡱝武，史記作「仆師武」，集解引此作「犀師」。「犀」者，聲之轉也。〕進兵而攻周。〔姚本秦攻魏將𡱝武軍於伊闕，秦遂進攻周。伊闕，在洛陽西南六十里，禹所辟也，水所由此流入于洛川也。〕為周最謂李兌〔姚本李兌，趙將也。　鮑本趙司寇。〕曰：「君不如禁〔姚本禁，止也。〕秦之攻周。趙之上計，莫如令秦、魏復戰。〔鮑本趙，魏鄰也。魏有秦兵，則趙無事。〕今秦攻周而得〔鮑本得，猶勝。正曰：得其土地人民也。〕之，則眾必多傷矣。秦欲待〔鮑本「待」作「持」。○　補曰：字有訛。　札記今本「待」作「持」。〕周之得，必不攻魏；秦若攻周而不得，前有勝魏之勞，後有攻周之敗，又必不攻魏。今君禁之，而秦未與魏講〔姚本講，和也。一曰「戰」。　鮑本講，和解也。補曰：史甘茂傳索隱云，鄒氏「講」讀曰「媾」。又曰漢、史「媾」、「講」兩字常雜。愚按，「搆」、「構」、「購」（韓世家有）亦然。今凡為和解之義者，定讀從「媾」；為交結之義者，字當從「扌」。後放此。〕也。而〔姚本曾，一作「攻」，劉作「而」。〕全趙令其止，必不敢不聽，是君卻〔鮑本卻，猶退。〕秦而定周也。秦去周，必復攻魏，魏不能支，〔鮑本支，猶拒。〕必因君而講，〔鮑本與秦和也。〕則君〔姚本君，謂李兌也。　鮑本凡言重，皆制人而不制于人者也。〕重矣。若魏不講，而疾支之，是君存周而戰秦、魏也。重亦盡在趙。」

秦令樗里疾以車百乘入周

秦令樗里疾〔姚本疾，秦公子名也。其里有大樗樹，因號樗里子也。　鮑本秦惠王弟。其居在渭南陰鄉樗里，故號樗里子。後相武王。〕以車百乘入周，周君迎之以卒，〔姚本百人為卒。〕甚敬。〔姚本甚敬，敬樗里疾也。〕楚王〔姚本楚王，懷王也。一曰頃襄王之子，懷王之孫也。〕怒，讓周，以其重秦客。〔姚本怒周敬重秦客，故責讓之也。　鮑本謂疾。〕游騰〔姚本續：後語，游勝。游騰，周臣也。　鮑本周人。正曰：高注作「臣」。〕謂楚王曰：「昔智伯欲伐厹由，〔姚本智伯，晉卿智襄子孫也。厹由，狄國，或作仇首也。　鮑本夷國，屬臨淮。漢志，「由」作「猶」。又九域圖，并州有仇猶城，引此。正曰：高注狄國。括地志云，并州盂縣外城，俗名原仇山。史樗里傳作「仇猶」，韓子「仇繇」，呂春秋、劉外紀「夙繇」。高注「或作仇首」。漢志，臨淮，乃泗之連水。羅氏路史謂，非智伯所伐者。厹，音求，字又作「叴」、「㕤」。札記丕烈案：「夙」是「厹」形近之訛。「厹」、「仇」同字。〕遺之大鍾，載以廣〔姚本廣大車也。　鮑本欲開道也。〕車，因隨入以兵，厹由卒亡，無備故〔姚本厹由貪大鍾之賂，開道至晉以受鍾，智伯隨入兵伐而取之也。　鮑本受其鍾，不防以兵。〕也。桓公伐蔡〔姚本桓歸蔡姬，未絕；蔡人嫁之，故伐蔡也。不欲令蔡知，故詐言誅楚也。　鮑本僖三年，蔡姬沈舟盪公，公怒，歸之，未絕也。蔡嫁之，故伐之。蔡，蔡叔度所封，屬汝南，後徙封下蔡。〕也，號〔鮑本號，聲言也。以伐楚號眾。〕言伐楚，其實襲〔鮑本無鐘鼓曰襲。正曰：此據左氏說。陸氏纂例，掩其不備曰襲。〕蔡。今秦者，〔鮑本「秦」下無「者」字。○　札記丕烈案：史記無。〕虎狼之國也，〔姚本秦欲吞滅諸侯，故謂虎狼國也。鮑本喻其貪殘。〕兼有吞〔姚本吞，滅也。　札記丕烈案：史記無。〕周之意；使樗里疾以車百乘入周，周君懼焉，以蔡、厹由戒〔姚本戒，以二國為戒也。　鮑本「戒」作「惑」。○　一本「戒之」。　札記丕烈案：史記作「以仇猶、蔡觀焉」，與策文不同。〕之，故使長兵在前，〔鮑本戈矛之屬。〕強弩在後，名曰衛〔鮑本衛，行列為護也。〕疾，而實囚之也。〔鮑本「之」下無「也」字。○　補曰：一本有「也」字。　札記丕烈案：史記無。〕周君豈能無愛國哉？恐一日之亡國，〔姚本錢、劉一無「國」字。　鮑本恐秦亡之。〕而憂大王。」〔姚本恐不敬其使，一日之中以滅亡國，而為大王憂也。　鮑本為楚王憂。〕楚王乃悅。〔鮑本補曰：樗里傳有。〕

雍氏之役

雍氏之役，〔姚本雍，韓別邑也。楚攻韓，圍雍氏，故曰役。役，事也。　鮑本周紀注，陽翟有雍氏城。韓紀注，赧王三年、十五年，楚再圍雍氏。此十五年也。〕韓徵甲與粟於周。〔姚本韓召兵及糧於周也。　鮑本徵，猶索。〕周君患之，告蘇代。〔姚本蘇代，蘇秦兄也。　鮑本秦之弟，洛陽人。〕蘇代曰：「何患〔姚本患，憂。〕焉？代能為君令韓不徵甲與粟於周，又能為君得高都。」〔姚本高都，韓邑。今屬上黨。　鮑本屬上黨。正曰：水經云，伊水逕邥郵亭，又北逕高都。杜預云，河南新城有邥郵亭。括地志云，高都故城在洛州伊闕縣北。京相璠云，非在上黨者。〕周君大悅曰：「子苟能，寡人請以國聽。」〔姚本聽，從也。　鮑本以國事從之。〕蘇代遂往見韓相國公中〔姚本公中，韓公侈，為相國也。　鮑本「中」作「仲」。○　韓公族。正曰：古「仲」字省。補曰：索隱云，公仲侈。裴駰云，相國，秦官。韓亦有相國，倣秦也。〕曰：「公不聞楚計乎？昭應〔姚本昭應，楚將也。　鮑本昭、屈、景皆楚之族姓。〕謂楚王〔鮑本懷王。〕曰：『韓氏罷〔鮑本「罷」，「疲」同，勞也。〕於兵，倉廩空，無以守城，吾收〔鮑本「收」作「攻」。○　補曰：一本「收之」。〕之以飢，不過一月必拔之。』今圍雍氏五月不能拔，〔鮑本得城曰拔，如拔物然。〕是楚病也。〔姚本病，困也。〕楚王始不信昭應之計矣，今公乃徵甲及粟於周，此告〔鮑本猶以飢疲告之。〕楚病也。昭應聞此，必勸楚王益兵守雍氏，雍氏必拔。」公中曰：「善。然吾使者已行矣。」代曰：「公何不以高都與周？」公中怒曰：「吾無徵甲與粟於周，亦已多矣。何為與高都？」代曰：「與之高都，則周必折〔姚本折，屈也。　鮑本入，猶歸。〕而入於韓，秦聞之必大怒，而焚周之節，〔姚本節，符信也。　鮑本節，符信也，行者所執。焚之者，不通周也。周官，通達於天下必有節，無節則不達。〕不通其使，是公以弊高都得完周也，何不與也？」公中曰：「善。」不徵甲與粟於周而與高都，楚卒不拔雍氏而去。〔鮑本紀有而略，周君為東周。補曰：正義，雍，於恭反。〕

周君之秦

周君之秦。謂周最〔姚本謂，有人謂周最，姓名不見也。最，周公子也。　鮑本最時從王。〕曰：「不如譽秦王〔鮑本秦昭。〕之孝也，因以應為太后養地。〔姚本原，周邑也。太后，秦昭王母也。　鮑本「應」作「原」。○　補曰：史同。徐注，穎川父城縣應鄉。　札記今本「應」作「原」。丕烈案：史記作「應」。考索隱云，案戰國策作「原」。原，周地。小司馬依高注為說，則作「原」為是，因史記而訛為「應」也。吳氏引姚本云史同，失考索隱耳。〕秦王、太后必喜，是公有秦也。〔鮑本有，言得其意。〕交善，〔鮑本周、秦之交。〕周君必以為公〔姚本公，周最也。〕功；交惡，勸周君入秦者，必有罪矣。」〔鮑本紀四十五年有。〕

蘇厲謂周君

蘇厲〔鮑本亦秦之弟。〕謂周君曰：「敗韓、魏，殺𡱝武，〔姚本𡱝武，魏將。〕攻趙，取藺、離石、祁者，皆白起。〔姚本白起，秦將也。殺𡱝武於伊闕。藺、石，本屬西河；祁，本屬太原也。〕是攻用兵，又有天命〔姚本是，實也；攻，巧玄也。白起用兵，又有天命之助也。　鮑本攻，功字，言善巧也。正曰：「攻」、「工」字通借。〕也。今攻梁，〔鮑本魏都。〕梁必破，破則周危，君不若止之。謂白起曰：『楚有養由基者，善射；〔姚本養，姓；由基，名。楚善射人也。　鮑本楚共王將。〕去柳葉者百步而射之，百發〔鮑本發，發矢。〕百中。左右皆曰善。有一人過曰︰「善射，可教射也〔姚本集、劉、錢無「也」字。　鮑本意欲其息。〕矣。」養由基曰︰「人皆〔姚本劉、錢下有「曰」字。〕善，〔鮑本善，善我。〕子乃曰可教射，子何不代我射之也？」客曰︰「我不能教子支左屈右。〔姚本支左屈右，善射法也。　鮑本支，去竹之支也。蓋取其直左右臂。正曰：列女傳云，左手如拒，右手如附枝，右手發之，左手不知，此射之道也。〕夫射柳葉者，百發百中，而不已善息，〔姚本「已」，錢、劉作「以」。　鮑本「已」作「以」。○　百中善也，此時宜息。　札記丕烈案：史記作「以」。〕少焉氣力倦，弓撥矢鉤，〔鮑本「鉤」作「拘」。○　補曰：「拘」有鉤音，古或通。　札記丕烈案：「拘」當是。此亦因史記而訛為「鉤」耳。〕一發不中，前功盡〔鮑本盡，猶滅。〕矣。」今公破韓、魏，殺𡱝武，而北攻趙，取藺、離石、祁者，公也。公之功甚多。今公又以秦兵出塞，過〔姚本曾一作「週」，集、劉作「過」。〕兩周，踐〔鮑本踐，履也，猶過。〕韓而以攻梁，一攻而不得，前功盡滅，〔姚本滅，沒也。〕公不若稱病不出也。』」〔鮑本周紀三十四年有。補曰：「射之」、「射柳」之「射」，食亦反。〕

楚兵在山南

楚兵在山南，〔姚本在周之山南也。　鮑本山，吳岳，屬扶風。禮所謂岳山也。正曰：岍山，秦地，非此所指。〕吾得〔姚本吾得，楚將也。「吾」當為「五」，楚五將者也。　鮑本「吾」作「伍」。○　補曰：「吾」字訛，當作「伍」。　札記丕烈案：鮑改吳補皆非，高注可證。〕將為楚王〔鮑本頃襄。〕屬怒〔鮑本「怒」作「怨」。○　屬，連也，猶結。〕於周。或謂周君曰：「不如令太子將軍正迎吾得於境，〔姚本或，猶有人謂周君也。使太子與軍正於境迎吾得也。　鮑本周太子也。將，去音。軍正，猶卒正，軍之率也。正曰：此謂將軍而正迎也。史穰且傳「軍正」無注。〕而君自郊迎，令天下皆知君〔鮑本「君」作「軍」。○〕之重吾得也。因泄〔姚本泄，猶使楚聞之也。　鮑本微漏其言，使楚知之。〕之楚，曰：『周君所以事吾得者器，必〔姚本一無「必」字。〕名曰謀〔姚本曾、集作「謀」，錢、劉作「某」。鮑本此以間得於楚，言與得之器，其款識云然。〕楚。』王必求之，〔鮑本楚王。〕而吾得無效也，〔姚本效，致也。　鮑本得實未嘗得器，故無以效。〕王必罪之。」〔鮑本以其欺也。彪謂：此謀雖不出於正，而免國於難可也。正曰：鮑以此為尊周，繆矣。〕

楚請道於二周之間

楚請道於二周之間，〔鮑本以假道請。〕以臨〔姚本臨，猶伐也。〕韓、魏，周君患之。蘇秦〔鮑本「秦」作「子」。○　秦字季子，洛陽人，其死時，東、西周未分，此當為代若厲，諸如此處不一。正曰：東、西周見前。史不曰蘇秦東周洛陽人乎？〕謂〔姚本曾一作「調」。集、劉作「謂」。〕周君曰：「除道屬〔姚本屬，猶至也，通也。　鮑本除，去穢也。〕之於河，〔鮑本夏紀注，河出金城、積石。蓋道行兩周之間，使楚所假連及之。正曰：河，東過洛、汭，在鞏縣東，洛邑北望有河。〕韓、魏必惡〔鮑本惡楚。〕之。齊、秦恐楚之取九鼎也，〔鮑本道廣可以出鼎。〕必救韓、魏而攻楚。楚不能守方城之外，〔姚本方城，楚塞也。外，北也。〕安能道二周之間。若四國〔姚本四國，齊、秦、韓、魏也。〕弗惡，君雖不欲與〔鮑本與之道。正曰：謂鼎也。〕也，楚必將自取之矣。」

司寇布為周最謂周君

司寇布〔姚本布，周臣也。　鮑本司寇，周官，布其名。〕為周最謂周君曰：「君使人告齊王以周最不肯為太子也，〔鮑本閔王善最，欲其為太子，以賂進之。最時讓立，周以最不肯立告齊。正曰：閔王說見前章，此並無據。〕臣為君不取也。函冶氏為齊太公〔姚本齊太公，田常孫田和也，始代呂氏為齊侯，號曰太公。函，姓；冶，官名也。因以為氏。知鑄冶，曉鐵理，能相劍。太公不知其劍善，故歸之而責其買劍金。〕買良劍，公不知善，歸其劍而責之金。越人請買之千金，折而不賣。〔姚本雖願千金，猶未盡其本價也，故折其（錢、劉下有「劍」字），不賣與越人也。　鮑本折，折劍。正曰：高注云，「雖千金，猶未盡其本價，故折其錢而不賣」。則「折」作「折闕」義，若作「斷折」，則於下文不通。〕將死，而屬〔鮑本「屬」，「囑」同。集韻，託辭。〕其子〔姚本函冶氏屬其子曰。〕曰：『必無獨知。』〔姚本必無以語人，獨知其利。　鮑本無以告人，自知其良。正曰：因高注。愚意，「必無獨知」當作一句，言凡有售，必使眾知其良，不可獨知也。〕今君之使最為太子，〔鮑本周雖以最不肯立告齊，猶欲立之，特未定耳。〕獨知之契〔鮑本契，約也。當兩知之，今則獨。補曰：禮記「右契」注，一書兩札，同而別之。〕也，天下未有信之者也。臣恐齊王之為君實立果〔姚本果，周太子也。　鮑本「為」作「謂」。○　補曰：策「為」、「謂」通借，此當作「謂」。亦周子也。　札記丕烈案：「謂」、「為」非通借，乃寫者亂之，後倣此。〕而讓〔鮑本讓，飾說也。〕之於最，以嫁之齊也。〔姚本嫁，賣。　鮑本「之」下補「於」字，「齊」下無「也」字。○　言欺齊。〕君為多巧，〔鮑本巧，猶詐。〕最為多詐，〔鮑本心欲之而言不肯。〕君何不買信貨哉？〔鮑本可信之貨，非獨知也。〕奉養無有愛〔鮑本愛，猶吝。〕於最也，使天下見之」。〔鮑本然則立最信矣。從周紀，皆當為楚王。正曰：使眾見之而信最之當立。從周紀改楚，非。補曰：「為周」、「為君」、「為齊」之「為」，去聲。〕

秦召周君

秦召周君，周君難往。〔鮑本意不欲往。〕或為周君謂魏王〔姚本史記作韓王。　鮑本安釐。正曰：無考。〕曰：「秦召周君，將以使攻魏之南陽。〔姚本南陽，魏邑也。〕王何不出〔鮑本「出」下有「兵」字。○　札記丕烈案：史記有。〕於河南？〔姚本史記作南陽。　鮑本河南，洛陽也。時未為郡，言河之南耳。正曰：河南即西周郟鄏。考王封弟河南，其名久矣。〕周君聞之，將以為辭於秦而不往。〔姚本以魏兵在河南為辭，不往詣秦也。〕周君不入秦，秦必不敢越〔鮑本越，度也。〕河而攻南陽。」

𡱝武敗於伊闕

𡱝武敗於伊闕，周君之魏求救，〔姚本秦將白起敗魏將𡱝武於伊闕，遂進攻，周君故求救於魏也。　鮑本補曰：大事記，秦怒東周助韓、魏，故攻之。按策文當作西周。〕魏王〔鮑本昭。〕以上黨之急辭之。〔姚本故不救周。　鮑本意者有趙或韓兵也。正曰：趙兵無考。周、韓、魏共伐秦，此時韓、魏必和。〕周君反，見梁囿而樂之也。〔姚本梁，魏惠王之都也。畜禽曰苑囿，有林池曰園也。　鮑本陳留浚儀注，魏惠王自安邑徙大梁，有林池曰囿。正曰：囿者，蕃育鳥獸之所。〕綦母恢〔姚本綦母恢，周臣也。〕謂周君曰：「溫囿不下此，〔姚本溫囿，今在河內，是時屬魏。下，猶減也。此，□梁囿（一作梁）也。溫囿近周，□能為君取□溫囿也。　鮑本溫屬河內。言其樂不在梁下。〕而又近。〔鮑本近周。〕臣能為君〔札記今本脫「君」字。〕取之。」反見魏王，王曰：「周君怨寡人乎？」對曰：「不怨。且誰怨王？臣為王有患〔姚本患，憂也。　鮑本「怨王」作「怨乎」。○〕也。周君，謀主也。〔姚本周，天子也，故曰謀主也。　鮑本猶為天子故。正曰：韓世家，使公孫喜率周、魏伐秦，敗伊闕，緣是，故稱謀主。比周君也。〕而設以國為王〔鮑本「王」作「乎」。○　札記今本「王」作「乎」。〕扞〔姚本扞，禦也。傳曰，扞禦北狄也。　鮑本設，施陣。扞，衛也。〕秦，而王無之扞也。〔姚本言魏為周無所扞禦也。〕臣見其必以國事秦也，秦悉塞外之兵，與周之眾，以攻南陽，〔姚本南陽，魏邑。〕而兩上黨絕矣。」〔鮑本言趙、韓援魏之路絕。正曰：是時魏上黨被兵，若周、秦攻南陽，則魏又當禦其攻，而上黨必絕。後云「上黨無患」，言得併力於此也。〕魏王曰：「然則柰何？」綦母恢曰：「周君形不小利，事秦而好小利。〔姚本形，勢也。小利，謂溫囿也。　鮑本「不」下有「好」字。○　國小多憂，其勢宜不得游觀。札記今本「不」下有「好」字。丕烈案：此「小」字因下文而衍，讀以「秦」字句絕。鮑本有「好」字，乃讀「利」字為句，所解全謬。今本依之，非也。〕今王許戍〔姚本戍，守也。　鮑本戍，守邊也，許為周扞秦。〕三萬人與溫囿，周君得以為辭於父兄百姓，〔鮑本云得戍卒之援。〕而利溫囿以為樂，〔姚本「利」，錢作「私」。私，愛也。　鮑本「利」作「私」。○　補曰：作「利」字，則與上協。得戍公也，得囿私也。　札記丕烈案：吳氏說非是，詳高注。姚校皆作「私」。秦策「而私商於之地」，亦其證。〕必不合於秦。臣嘗聞溫囿之利，歲八十金，〔鮑本「歲」上有「計」字。○　魏人貢其上之數。〕周君得溫囿，其以事王者，歲百二十金，〔鮑本周許魏之數。〕是上黨每〔鮑本「每」作「無」。○　札記今本「每」作「無」。〕患〔鮑本周善事魏，則趙、韓必不加兵。〕而贏四十金。」〔姚本溫囿貢于魏王八十金耳，周君得之則貢百二十金，故曰「是贏四十金」。鮑本贏，有余賈利也。〕魏王因使孟卯〔鮑本鴻烈汎論訓注，齊人，即芒卯。〕致溫囿於周君而許之戍〔鮑本「戍」下無「也」字。○〕也。〔鮑本彪謂：周君非賢君也，秦兵在境，而樂於囿，其志荒矣。恢雖能得囿，非君子所以事其君者也。補曰：「為辭」、「為樂」之「為」，如字，餘去聲。〕

韓魏易地

韓、魏易地，〔鮑本韓策書此在楚圍雍氏后。〕西周弗利。〔姚本利，便也。〕樊餘〔姚本樊餘，周臣也。曾，下有「為周」字。〕謂楚王〔姚本為周謂楚王。楚王，懷王。〕曰：「周必亡矣。韓、魏之易地，韓得二縣，魏亡二縣。〔鮑本易地，則魏亦有得；而獨言亡者，亡多於得也。〕所以為之者，〔鮑本魏雖多亡，然且為之。〕盡包二周，〔鮑本東、西。〕多於二縣，九鼎存焉。〔鮑本漢志，武王遷九鼎于郟鄏。郟鄏屬河南，為東周。正曰：說見前。〕且魏有南陽、鄭地、三川〔鮑本河內修武注，晉始啟南陽是也。京兆、山陽皆有鄭，河南有新鄭。此在楚、魏之間，新鄭也。河南郡注，秦三川郡也。周紀「三川震」注，涇、渭、洛。補曰：杜注，在晉山南河北，故曰南陽。鄭本在西都畿內咸林。武公得虢、檜之地，乃徙其封，是為新鄭。咸林今華州鄭縣，新鄭今鄭州。正曰：三州，河、洛、伊。張儀所謂天下朝市，秦武王所謂車通以闚周室者也。秦拔成皋、滎陽，初置三川郡。〕而包二周，則楚方城之外危；〔鮑本南陽郡注，葉公邑，號方城。補曰：正義云，方城山在葉縣西。〕韓兼兩上黨以臨趙，即趙羊腸〔姚本羊腸，趙險塞名也。山形屈璧（錢作辟），狀如羊腸。今在太原晉陽之西北也。　鮑本上黨壺關有羊腸阪。此皆以所近之國強故危。〕以上危。故易成之曰，〔鮑本「曰」作「日」。○　札記今本「曰」作「日」。丕烈案：舊「日」字多寫為「曰」字者。〕楚、趙皆輕。」楚王恐，因趙以止易也。〔鮑本「趙」下有「兵」字，「易」下無「也」字。○　補曰：一本「因趙以止易也」。〕

秦欲攻周

秦欲攻周，周最謂秦王〔鮑本昭。〕曰：「為王之國計者，〔鮑本「王之國」作「國之」。○　札記丕烈案：史記作「為王計者」。〕不攻周。攻周，實不足以利國，而聲畏天下。〔鮑本聲，猶名也。周，天子也，今見攻，故天下畏秦。正曰：畏，猶惡也。周地狹不足以利國，而有攻天子之惡名，見畏惡於天下。與司馬錯說同意。〕天下以聲畏秦，必東合於齊。兵弊〔姚本弊，罷也。　鮑本攻雖勝，不無傷失。〕於周，而合天下於齊，則秦孤而不王矣。是天下欲罷〔鮑本「罷」，「疲」同。下同。〕秦，故勸王攻周。秦與天下俱罷，〔鮑本天下合齊而與秦戰，戰則必疲。〕則令不橫行〔姚本橫行，東行。　鮑本橫行，無畏忌也。〕於周矣。」〔鮑本紀有。〕

宮他謂周君

宮他〔姚本宮他，周臣也。　鮑本周人。〕謂周君曰：「宛恃秦而輕晉，〔鮑本宛屬南陽，故申伯國。南陽，三晉時屬韓。韓釐五年，秦拔我宛。蓋宛亡在春秋之晉。三晉分晉，乃屬韓也。〕秦飢而宛亡。〔姚本穀不熟曰飢。亡，滅也。　鮑本此下皆恃遠輕近而亡。秦飢不暇救宛，故晉滅之。其亡不經見。〕鄭恃魏而輕韓，魏攻蔡而鄭亡。〔姚本韓哀侯滅亡鄭。　鮑本鄭，河南新鄭。鄭君乙二十一年，韓哀侯滅之。〕邾、〔姚本錢、劉下有「臣」字。〕莒亡於齊，〔姚本為齊所滅亡。　鮑本魯鄒縣，故邾也。邾，曹姓國，二十九世，楚滅之。莒屬城陽國，故盈姓國，三十世，楚滅之。蓋恃齊也。〕陳、蔡亡於楚。〔姚本為楚所滅亡。　鮑本陳，舜後，漢淮陽國。楚惠王十年滅陳，四十二年滅蔡。皆不見所恃。蓋即恃楚，不備之也。〕此皆恃援〔鮑本援，引也。故有助意。〕國而輕近敵也。今君恃韓、魏而輕秦，國恐傷矣。君不如使周最〔鮑本「最」原作「早」，又改作「最」。○　補曰：姚本正作「最」。〕陰合於趙以備秦，則不毀。」

謂齊王

謂齊王〔鮑本凡言「謂」、言「為」而不人，失之也，猶言「或為」、「或謂」。王，閔王。正曰：周最，屢見東、西周策。「謂周最曰，仇赫之相宋」云云，事在赧王十七年；「周最於齊王厚也，而逐之，聽祝弗相呂禮」云云，禮之相，在赧王二十九年，此則正當齊閔之世；周紀，赧王四十五年，「周君之秦，客謂周最以應為太后養地」；五十八年，有「周聚以收齊」，則正當頃襄王之世。相距凡四十年，不可定為閔王時也。按策，西周兩章皆云最為太子，而東周又出最名，無曰太子云者，疑或自是二人，然無所考。〕曰：「王何不以地齎周最以為太子〔姚本齎，進也。周最為周之太子。　鮑本齎，持遺也。最，周之庶子。凡周皆周之族。正曰：鮑意此即上章事，而上有五庶子之文爾，無明據。〕也。」齊王令司馬悍〔姚本劉，一作「稈」。　鮑本齊人。〕以賂〔姚本續：一作「地」。〕進〔鮑本進，猶薦。〕周最於周。左尚〔鮑本齊人。〕謂司馬悍曰：「周不聽，是公之知困而交絕於周也。公不如謂周君曰：『何欲置？〔姚本置，立也。欲立誰為太子也。〕令人微告悍，悍請〔鮑本「悍」下無「請」字。○　補曰：一本「悍請令」。〕令王進之以地。』」左尚以此得事。〔姚本左尚以教司馬悍勸王齎周最地，以此得尊寵之職。　鮑本以教悍得齊王意，故委任之。疑此即上章「楚王」、「楚人」。補曰：最，史作聚。索隱云，「最」，古「聚」字。說文同。趙策顏最，史亦作顏聚。〕

三國攻秦反

三國〔姚本三國，魏、韓、齊也。〕攻秦反，〔姚本反，還也。〕西周恐魏之藉〔鮑本「藉」亦「借」。〕道也。為西周謂魏王〔鮑本哀。正曰：此據史。按通鑑、大事記，顯王三十五年，乃魏惠王後元年；慎靚王三年，當魏襄元年。說見魏策。此當作襄，事在二十一年。〕曰：「楚、宋不利秦之德三國〔鮑本「德」作「聽」。○　聽，猶順從。三國近楚、宋，秦聽之則強而害楚、宋，故不利也。正曰：三國不攻秦而解，故秦德之；秦德之，則和而不利於楚、宋。〕也，彼且攻王之聚〔鮑本楚、宋攻魏之廩庫。正曰：邑落曰聚。如𢠸狐聚、陽人聚之類。〕以利秦。」〔鮑本若為秦報魏王。〕魏王懼，令軍設舍速東。〔鮑本舍，軍次也。魏東還，必道周，周必賓之，故恐。今速東，則無賓之之費矣。〕

𡱝武敗

𡱝武敗，周使周〔姚本集、曾、錢，一無下「周」字。劉有。〕足〔鮑本周相。〕之秦。或謂周足曰：「何不謂周君曰：『臣之秦，秦、周之交必惡。〔鮑本皆美惡之惡。正曰：左傳，周、鄭交惡，杜注，兩相疾惡。據此，則皆當烏故反。〕主君〔鮑本主君稱周君。〕之臣，又秦重〔鮑本秦之所重。〕而欲相〔鮑本欲得周相。〕者，且惡臣於秦，〔鮑本此人欲代足相周，故敗其使事，此二國所以必惡。〕而臣為不能使矣。〔鮑本「臣」下「為」字在「能」字下。○〕臣願免而行。〔鮑本免己之相，以順欲者。〕君因相之，彼得相，不惡周於秦矣。』君重秦，〔鮑本此下或人復說足也。〕故使相往，行而免，且〔鮑本「且」作「是」。○〕輕秦也，公必不免。〔鮑本雖以免自請，勢不可免也。〕公言是而行，交善於秦，〔姚本為秦所善。〕且公之成事也；〔鮑本「且」作「是」，「成事」作「事成」。○　補曰：恐當作「事成」。〕交惡於秦，不善於公〔鮑本「公」下補「者」字。○　札記今本「公」下有「者」字，乃誤涉鮑也。鮑補「者」字。〕且誅〔鮑本意其惡足于秦也。〕矣。」

Source Colophon

The Chinese text follows the Chinese Wikisource transcription of the Strategies of the Warring States (article 戰國策 (士禮居叢書本)/西周, revision of 7 October 2024), inspected from a witness copy captured on 22 August 2026. Chinese Wikisource transcriptions are published under CC BY-SA 4.0 and the GFDL; the text itself is ancient and in the public domain. The wiki header, navigation links, license templates, and modern contributors' footnotes have been removed; the text is otherwise complete and unaltered.

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