The Book of Two Ways is the oldest illustrated book of the dead in ancient Egypt. Painted on the inner floors and walls of Middle Kingdom coffins (ca. 2055–1650 BCE), it depicts two winding roads — one on water, one on land — leading through the underworld to the island of fire where Osiris rests. The roads pass through gates guarded by terrifying beings with knife-wielding epithets and burning faces. The deceased, armed with these formulas, names each guardian, declares their divine identity, and passes through.
These 89 spells (CT1041–CT1129) form the complete Book of Two Ways as attested in the Coffin Texts corpus, primarily in the great coffin B3C from el-Bersha, with supplementary witnesses from coffins across Upper and Middle Egypt. They cover: the gate-guardian lists, the passing formulas, the paths of Rosetau (the sacred necropolis gateway), spells for joining the following of Re and Osiris, and the final vision of the Northern Shore of the Overflowing Lake.
"[N]" throughout is the standard placeholder for the name of the deceased — written N tn ("this N here") or N pn ("this N here") in the Egyptian. Each coffin was personalized for its owner; we have preserved the convention.
First English translation from the Middle Egyptian. No free English version previously existed.
CT1041
"Wretched-of-Face" — that is its guardian.
[The remaining lines of CT1041 are damaged in the primary witness (B3C); only this guardian's epithet is preserved.]
CT1042
[N] is an Akh, master of all the Akhu.
An Akh whom [N] creates — he exists;
an Akh whom she neglects — he does not exist.
[N] is the one who circles her lake with every flame, every light.
Thoth crosses the sky before [N].
[N] passes on beautifully.
CT1043
"Masked-of-Face" — that is its guardian.
[The remaining lines of CT1043 are damaged in the primary witness (B3C).]
CT1044
The Blazing One.
The Alert-of-Heart.
The Wakeful-Faced.
The Sharp-Sighted.
The Voice.
[Further lines damaged.]
CT1045
Flesh-of-His-Enemy —
the one who lives as the Lake-Bird;
Terrible-of-Tongues;
Red-in-Splendor.
[Final lines damaged.]
CT1046
He who assigns every Akh
with offering-reversions within it —
among the followers of Osiris —
when those who follow within it are Akhu,
he is one who dwells within it,
after they have drawn their protection there against their lords.
CT1047
The complaint of Anubis is among the offerings on the day of the departed,
among those who bake the xnmt-offering for Osiris.
[N] is the archivist of Thoth.
[N] is the one who bakes the xnmt-offering for Osiris
among those who make offerings.
The complaint of Anubis is among the offerings on the day of the departed.
CT1048
N is the pure one who bakes for Osiris daily.
"My fields are in the Field of Offerings,
among those who know the rites,
among those who have made xnmt-offerings for Osiris."
N is the scribe of the fields, in the register of Thoth.
N is the servant of Osiris among those who have made offerings.
"The field of Anubis is among the offerings:
it will not be taken from my hand."
CT1049
The basket of offerings —
xnmt is within it for its owner.
[Lines damaged.]
Daily a xnmt-cake comes forth from it for Osiris.
[Lines damaged.]
CT1050
Formula for being as a god — twice — for Osiris:
She who sees the dead Osiris will not die.
The guardian of the gate
is He-Who-Brings-in-Flight.
CT1051
Formula for being among the offerings with the gods who are in the following of Osiris, each day:
May they eat bread among those who live in eternity.
His fields are there.
He is in the company of Thoth.
No destroyer shall repel him.
[Lines damaged.]
CT1052
The serpents of the chest
are the guardians of the gates.
[Lines damaged.]
CT1053
The road to the cities of those who live on sweetness —
the formula for passing by it is what follows:
Formula for passing the cities of Those-of-Knives and the Clamorous-of-Voice:
[Lines damaged.]
Formula for passing by the path of Those-of-the-Flame:
"I am the Eye of Horus —
useful in the night, who created the flame in its beauty.
I am the Lord of the Horizon;
the daily flame is what licks me."
As for one who passes by the path:
his enemy is struck down,
and Apopis is driven back.
Formula for reaching those Kneeling Ones, the guardians of the gates.
CT1054
[First line damaged.]
The Lake of Flame — aA.tyw is its name.
There is no one who may enter the Flame:
he is turned back from it.
He who knows this inherits the road.
Formula of the True Lake.
CT1055
Formula for passing by it — this is what underlies that lake:
"Let [N] pass in peace!
Make a road for [N],
that she may make her barque sail!
The protection of [N] is the protection of Re.
Whatever would befall [N], the same would befall Re,
since you would have acted against N."
[Final line damaged.]
CT1056
"Great-Face-Who-Drives-Back-Aggressors" is the guardian of this bend.
CT1057
"He-of-the-Sharp-Knife" is the guardian of the lake, the guardian of this bend.
CT1058
[N] is the one who drove off the driving-back of aggressors,
who made the raid to plunder.
N bears the egg — his nobility here when he appears
early in the morning,
when his nobility is guarded,
for [N] will have attained it.
When Re appears, [N] will see him.
The abomination of [N] is delay —
for she will have known it,
and he will not live in the horizon
who excludes [N] from the company of the young god.
CT1059
"Protector-of-Two-Gods" — that is his name.
He is the guardian of this bend.
He watches
over those who descend into it.
[Line damaged.]
CT1060
"Since [N] has come here,
at the lifting of the horizon,
it is to announce Re
through the gates of the sky —
and the gods rejoice at the coming of [N].
The fragrance of the god is for her.
No destroyer shall reach her,
nor shall the guardians of the gates exclude her.
[N] is the hidden one in the chapel —
the one in charge of the chapel."
[Lines damaged.]
CT1061
"[N] is the Great Name.
Guide her on the true road!
Her abomination is the executioners.
The protection of N is the protection of Horus-Eldest-of-Re."
"I am the one who acted by his own will."
"The foot of [N] will not be seized;
she will not be turned back
through the gates of the sky.
[N] is the one who equipped Routy,
Heqet, and the living gods.
Do not exclude [N]!"
CT1062
"Dog-Faced-Who-Bellows-with-Force" — that is his name.
That is his pool.
Formula for circulating in the daytime when one knows this spell:
[Lines damaged.]
CT1063
"[N] has inherited the horizon of Re.
Yet [N] is indeed the Master of All.
[N] is the one who revealed what he said.
[N] is the one who inherited the horizon.
Make a road for Re so that he may land!
awn.t! [N] knows your name."
CT1064
"Dog-Faced-Great-of-Forms" — that is his name.
[Line damaged.]
The awn.t for opening the pools.
That is the formula for passing by him.
CT1065
"Open, sky! Open, earth!
Open, eastern horizon! Open, western horizon!
Open, chapel of Upper Egypt! Open, chapel of Lower Egypt!
Open, portals!
Open the eastern gates for Re,
that he may rise in the horizon!
Open for him the doors of the night-barque!
Open for him the gates of the day-barque,
that he may breathe Shu
and release Tefnut —
that those in his following may follow him,
that they may follow [N] as they follow Re, each day!"
CT1066
"He-Who-Repels-with-His-Face-Living-on-Dung" — that is his name.
He is the guardian of this bend.
That is the formula for passing by him.
CT1067
[N] is the one who sent the divine word to the god Re.
"Since [N] has come,
it is to intercept a message to its recipient."
CT1068
"Heed yourself, Re!
Make Osiris content for [N]!
May those in the Underworld adore you!
May those in the Duat glorify you!
May they give you adoration!
When you come in peace,
it is to give offerings to the Great Ones
and abundance to the Small —
and to give offerings to [N]."
May [N] pass to excellence as Re does, each day!
CT1069
The Great-Faced-One who drives back aggressors,
who guards them in his house —
who enters by this bend:
"Selqet! I will exist along eternity!"
That is the guardian of this bend —
the arrogant one whose mother speaks like a mule —
the guardian of this bend,
the watcher inside his chapel.
[Line damaged.]
N is the lizard who created the thunder,
who presented Maat to Re,
who drove off Apopis,
who pierced the firmament,
who repelled the storm
and nourished the two crews of Re.
"My iAA.t-scepter has been given to me;
an offering has been presented to me with its guardian."
[Lines damaged.]
CT1070
The Flame that repels the lone one.
The Flame that repels the lone one.
The Flame that repels the lone one.
CT1071
"High-of-Winds" — that is his name.
[Line damaged.]
The formula for passing by this — it is what is under them,
the guardians of this formula.
"Mighty-of-Force" — that is his name.
"The Wakeful Ones!
[N] is the great voice in the horizon — like your Great One.
Flat on your faces, you Wakeful Ones! Make way for your lord!
[N] is that one."
"The Flame" — that is his name.
The formula for passing by this — it is what is under them.
"Flame-of-Faces" — that is his name.
"Masters of Might!
The face of [N] is that of a Great One;
the rear claws of [N] are that of the wrr.t-crown.
[N] is the master of the mighty ones."
[Lines damaged.]
"[N] is the one who sits upon the Eye of Horus as the first of three —
who determines the sacred writings as the counterpart of Thoth.
The protection of [N] is the protection of Thoth, by your power."
[Lines damaged.]
CT1072
[Line damaged.]
Formula of the roads of Rosetau — those on the water and on the land:
"These roads here —"
[Lines damaged.]
"— are in zig-zag,
each one set against its counterpart,
in zig-zag.
It is one who knows them who finds their roads."
They are high, with walls of flint.
CT1073
"Stand still, you Kneeling Ones, you Hidden-Faced,
who live on your throwing-sticks!
[N] is a mighty one,
laden with power,
who made his road through the flame.
[N] has restored Osiris.
Make a road for [N]
that she may pass!
[Line damaged.]
If it please you, may N see the Sole One who circulates, Re,
among those who have made offerings!
Make a road for [N]!
Let her pass in peace!"
— twice —
CT1074
The roads of Rosetau that are on the land.
CT1075
[N] is the one who bounded the Inundation
and separated the two combatants.
"Since [N] has come,
it is to drive away the humiliation from Osiris."
CT1076
The one who spat out Hapi;
the one who produces him;
Nehebkau;
the one who eats his fathers;
the one who eats his mothers;
the one who drives away angry Seth;
the one who engenders the Bull of Heliopolis;
the one who swallows the Primeval Flood;
Falcon-Faced-One-Issued-from-Wadjyt;
Four-Faced-One-Issued-from-the-Horizon.
CT1077
Multiple-Faced-Who-Hears-the-Serpent-DAd.wt.
Great is the discourse of DAd.wt.
The one who will encounter He-of-the-Cow.
The one who will set down Khepri.
The one who extends the foot.
DAd.wt —
the one who fishes multitudes.
CT1078
The roads of Rosetau that are on the water.
CT1079
"[N] is the one who has wrapped its standard,
who came forth from the wrr.t-crown.
Since [N] has come,
it is to establish offerings at Abydos.
[N] has opened Rosetau;
[N] has eased the suffering of Osiris.
[N] is the one who created the waters,
who apportioned its standard,
who made its road in the valley.
The Great One! Make a shining road for N!
Let her pass!"
[Line damaged.]
May [N] drive away the torment of the Autocreated One!
As for those Kneeling Ones —
it is Geb who placed them in Rosetau,
in the domain of his son Osiris,
lest his brother Seth be able to harm him.
As for anyone who knows the name of those Kneeling Ones —
he will be in the company of Osiris forever:
he will never die.
CT1080
It is the sealed chest in the interior of darkness.
The flame around it holds the efflux of Osiris.
It was placed in Rosetau,
hidden away because it fell there —
it descended upon the desert plateau.
What was within it — that which was deposited in Rosetau.
CT1081
As for anyone who is seen there while living —
he will never perish,
for he knows the formula for passing
by the Kneeling Ones,
the guardians of the gates.
CT1082
Formula for being in Rosetau:
"[N] is the Great Name who created his own light.
If [N] has come to you, Osiris,
it is to adore you
and to make your efflux stand upright."
CT1083
The Flame.
CT1084
"I am the master of redness in the days that come.
I am the one of the sharp knife —
I will not be robbed.
Make me a road before the temple!
The embalmer is for those in the date-palm."
"Bring me what is near the Red Crown!"
Crossing in peace to the protection of Osiris
and passing through the gates.
CT1085
Formula for being in Rosetau, living in abundance at the side of Osiris, and looking:
"I am the Great Name who created his light.
I have come to you, Osiris, to adore you —
do not repel me.
[Line damaged.]
I will make your efflux stand upright —
what flows from you.
I will create the name of Rosetau
after I have fallen into it."
"Heed yourself, Osiris!
Rise up!
Be strong, you! Be mighty, you!
[Lines damaged.]
Be powerful upon this your scepter of Rosetau —
upon this your strength of Abydos!
Circulate, Sole One!
[Lines damaged.]
Do the circuit of Re!
And speak, Osiris:
'I am a noble, I am a god.
What I say is what comes to pass.
I will not be repelled because of you, Re.'"
CT1086
These are the charcoal walls.
"Open a road in Rosetau
that I may ease the suffering of Osiris!
I am the one who created what exists,
who apportioned its standard,
who made its road in the valley.
O Great One! Make me a bright road!
[Line damaged.]
Let me pass!"
CT1087
The word is what is in the interior of darkness.
As for every Akh who knows it — he lives
among the living.
A flame is around it;
it holds the efflux of Osiris.
As for anyone who knows it —
he will never die in eternity,
for he knows Rosetau.
Rosetau will be hidden because he has fallen into it —
he descended from the desert.
What is in the documents is what is with him at Busiris.
The failure of Osiris — that is Rosetau.
As for any man who is there:
he sees Osiris,
[Line damaged.]
and he will never die.
[Line damaged.]
CT1088
"Head-Taker."
"The Fierce One."
[Lines damaged.]
CT1089
"Make [N] bring a barque to you, Thoth!
[N] is the one who opened the Duat."
"Re! Raise the head of [N]!
Let [N] sail in your barque!
Let [N] make your road in the sky!"
[Lines damaged.]
CT1090
nHb.ti.
Savage-of-Face.
The Rejoicing One.
The Rain-Sheltered.
The Adored.
[Lines damaged.]
CT1091
"The Flame — stand back!
You there who reduces to cinders!
I will not be reduced to ash.
I have the nemes-cloth and the white crown.
These are the one who transforms
and the one who transforms into Khepri."
CT1092
"O Thoth —
the one chosen as heir, as Master of the Morning!
I have Maat.
Darkness is my abomination."
[Lines damaged.]
CT1093
The road of Thoth to the House of Maat.
"I will be in the following of Thoth, at night, binding them."
[Lines damaged.]
CT1094
"Heed yourself, Thoth — you who are in the following of Re!
The sound Wadjet-Eye, in its brilliance — that is this N.
It is this N who clears the turbidity from the wounded eye,
making it shine.
See, this N has come to you,
in your nighttime following,
among those who have made offerings.
This N has descended into the barque of Re;
he has doused the flame;
the darkness was lit among those who come with offerings —
bringing Maat
to the Ferrier-of-the-Lake —
after he heard the words of the monster
on the great northern plateau,
of Extension-of-Bows.
It is this N who rescues Re
from the power of the storm-fury of Apopis,
and he will not fall
into his snare.
It is this N who snatched away the cry,
who cleansed the wounded eye,
who circulated to the gate,
who adorned the god with what was made for him.
Make this N bring it to you, Thoth!
This N will not be repelled because of you in the night.
It is this N who brought the sound Eye —
who rescued it
from the power of the one who seized it.
The witness is the Mansion of the Moon."
CT1095
It is Isis who is truly before him,
showing him
the roads
during the crossing of the sky,
when he imitates what Re does.
CT1096
Thoth is the one who is in the sky,
with the Eye of Horus before him in the Mansion of the Moon.
CT1097
The Rejoicing One.
The Flame.
The Flame.
CT1098
As for this Mehen-serpent that is upon him —
it was Isis who brought it to him.
Horus the Elder will say:
"Pronounce his name, therefore, on the day of the escorting there —
in the horizon,
while dividing the retinue in the horizon
when they bring their Great Ones,
and when the father among the gods says:
'Make, you, a retinue with your rxy.t-people,
so that I make them pass because of you!'
Re is the one who illumines the night."
[Line damaged.]
As for any man who is in his following —
he lives in eternity in the following of Thoth —
if he is permitted to appear in the night
and the heart of Osiris is pleased,
since he is the sole one more turned aside than he,
placed
among his followers
in the retinue.
CT1099
[N] is a follower of Re,
who receives his bronze,
who adorns the god in his chapel,
a Horus who arose for his lord,
secret of throne,
in the purity of the chapel,
a messenger of the god by his will.
[N] is the one who took up Maat
and presents her before him.
[N] is the one who bound the cord
and gathered his chapel.
The abomination of [N] is the storm.
Water will not gush beside [N];
[N] will not be repelled because of Re;
[N] will not be held back by He-Who-Acts-with-His-Hands;
[N] will not walk in the valley of darkness;
she will not enter the lake of the criminals;
she will not be in the heat of aggression;
[N] will not fall as prey
when she enters
among the spoil of His-Face-Behind-the-Slaughterhouse-of-the-Sharp-Slaughterhouse.
"Heed yourselves, you of the mat!
The sacred things of the god
are in the hiding places,
while the hands of Geb are at the dawn.
Who, then, is the one who will guide the Great Ones
and count the small ones at his time —
when Thoth is within the hiding places
and performs the purification of counting the countable multitude,
who pierces the firmament and clears the darkness in his domain?"
If [N] has reached him in his seat,
it is so that [N] may seize the staff,
so that [N] may receive the nemes of Re —
great of beautiful journeys.
"Horus has shone behind his eye;
his Two Enneads are around his seat.
May they drive out the painful illness he suffers!
May [N] drive out the illness
and ease him who is beneath him!
If [N] has pierced the horizon for Re
and made his barque traverse beautifully,
it is so that Thoth's face may be illumined for [N].
May [N] adore Re
by what he has done!
May he take heed of [N]!
May he strike away the obstacle for her!
[N] will not be without a barque;
she will not be turned back from the horizon.
[N] is Re.
She will not be without a barque at the great crossing.
It is His-Face-in-the-Leg —
the one who sets down the arm —
for the name of Re is in the belly of [N],
his nobility in her mouth.
[N] speaks it to him.
[N] is the one who hears his words."
"Praise to you, Re, Master of the Horizon,
for whom the Henememet are pure,
who governs the sky at great strength —
when the oars of the enemies are broken!
See, [N] has come —"
[CT1099 continues, but the text is heavily damaged in the primary witness (B3C) from this point — approximately 65 lines are blank or missing in the manuscript (VII 401–415). The spell's conclusion cannot be reconstructed without access to additional witnesses.]
CT1100
"He-Who-Extends-the-Bow-Rope" — the guardian of the front gate.
"It is from the Great Valley that [N] has come here.
If [N] has taken the fighter's spear, it is from the hand
of the sharp executioner
who is not repelled.
[N] is the one who drives back the destroyers —
who will not be driven back by them."
"Lay-Aside-Your-Weapons!"
"He-Who-Extends-the-Bow-Rope! The Watchful-Faced!
Let not turbidity arise among the Henememet
on the day of the god's consecration!
If you came
as any serpent,
Re would die
and Apopis would be slaughtered.
The rite upon this would be performed inside the slaughterhouse of xw."
[Final line damaged.]
CT1101
Iknty — the guardian of the second gate.
[Line damaged.]
"What is upon [N] is what they established as the protection of [N].
The monster stands
against you;
the barque has fallen into the weakened waters.
You are splattered from the mouth of Re,
and you will not go
into the power of his following.
The force is upon you;
his tongue is against you.
Step back to your place!
He will not come at his time
when you are seen —
the aggressor from below, for the Great One has come."
CT1102
"He-Who-Eats-the-Excrement-of-His-Hindquarters" — the guardian of the third gate.
"Back! Behind, aggressor!
Your arm is in AbH.w.
Your back is in the red bb.t.
You feed on what the mm.t-plant feeds on.
[N] has made your acquaintance,
and she has learned the name of this throwing-stick thrown behind you.
Flat on your face! Lay down your arms —
so that the light may go forth,
pierce the firmament,
and the turbidity of vision may then be cleared!"
CT1103
"Inverted-Faced-and-Manifold-of-Voice" — the guardian of the fourth gate.
"Shu and Routy —
Shu is in the sky
and Routy is on the earth.
You are the one who told me that sky and earth are cleared.
Flat on your face!"
If the white crown and the nemes have stepped back,
it is so that the spirit may be brought in.
If the gatekeeper has begun to tremble —
Inverted-Faced, it is behind the sacred things of the god —
announced in the sky.
"Who is the one who circles Mehen?"
"His nobility is great —
the one whom Thoth will judge in the morning,
when the barque is broken,
as soon as you come
to encounter [N]."
CT1104
"If N has come in joy,
it is to announce to N the cubits of Re as Khepri —
Horus the Elder of Re, as he circles the sky —
when he sees N among those at the oars."
[Line damaged.]
CT1105
"If [N] has come into the sky of Routy,
it is after [N] has taken up Maat.
Make a road for [N],
so that she may receive the wrr.t-crown
upon Horus the Elder of Re, from its hand into the hand of N!
Bring it to her!
Make a road for her,
that N may pass by it,
that she may guide Maat
and pierce the darkness!"
CT1106
"If [N] has come to you —
Horus the Elder among those who pierce the firmament —
it is so that you may deliver [N]
from the power of Those-of-the-Claws,
from He-Who-Seizes-What-He-Sees,
so that the breath of his mouth may not seize [N],
and his force may not repel her.
[N] has flowed over Hr.y-nT.f.
Let [N] pass
and pierce the darkness!"
[Final line damaged.]
CT1107
Darkness.
Darkness.
Darkness.
[Lines damaged.]
CT1108
"Inverted-Faced-and-Manifold-of-Forms" — the guardian of the first gate.
He lives on the excluded —
those who cannot pass by it.
The formula for passing by him is what precedes N,
and the protection of N is in his own hand.
N can transport the Autocreated One.
[Line damaged.]
CT1109
"He-Who-Lives-on-Worms" — the guardian of the middle gate.
He lives on the one who does not know the formula
for going up to that sky of Horus the Elder —
the third who has risen for his lord, so that he may live.
As for one who transforms into worms — he will eat them,
for he does not know that the formula for passing by him
is what is before him,
his protection being in his hand.
[N] is the one in the midst of his firmament.
That one is the brother of [N]: Mehen, in the sailing.
[Line damaged.]
CT1110
Iknty-who-bellows-in-the-flame — the guardian of the third gate —
the third who has risen for his lord, who lives on flame.
A flame is what is on his mouth.
The formula for passing by him is what is before him,
and the protection of [N] is in his hand.
[N] is the one in the midst of his firmament as Horus the Elder.
[N] cannot be brought low
by the living or the dead —
it is his retinue that has given prosperity to N.
CT1111
Flame.
Gate of Darkness.
CT1112
"Open yourself, Storm —
turbidity of Re, the covered one,
who heals Horus well each day —
the great of forms, the heavy of power,
who repels turbidity with his breath!"
"See, [N] has come, Re,
sailing.
[N] is one of the gods on the side of the sky.
May [N] announce to you the One-Who-Is-in-His-Day!
Drag with your rope!
Your opposition is gone."
CT1113
"Lift yourself up!
May [N] rise for you!
[Line damaged.]
Lift yourself up —
very high!
[N] is the abomination of Apopis,
for [N] knows how to spit out wounds.
[N] sees
that the one who spits out wounds is the one who brings relief."
[N] will not be repelled because of Re.
CT1114
Horus the Elder — the one who is in all this sky, in every sky.
As for anyone who knows this formula here — great of forms —
he will be there as one great of forms.
"Heed yourself, Re!
May [N] see your beauty!
May you not reach the aggressors who are against you!"
CT1115
It is the pot of heaven, what is in the tent of the god.
It remains in the sky —
its front is of fire, its back is of darkness.
CT1116
The possessor of her ointment and the foremost of iHy.
It is the seat of the Akh who can enter the flame and pierce the darkness —
who cannot go up to the sky of Re and Horus the Elder,
among the following of Re and Horus the Elder, with offerings,
in the horizon of Re and Horus the Elder.
The true chest of Re
is the seat of an equipped and true Akh — twice — who can never die,
without there being any god he knows before him.
The seat of an equipped Akh is what is, himself, as a god.
CT1117
As for anyone who knows the sealed thing:
he is more Akh there than Osiris.
He has surpassed every tribunal where Thoth is found —
yet Thoth is normally in the tribunal of Osiris.
If there is a man or a Great One beside his lake
who is to journey to the Beautiful West,
he reads this in four purifications, four times,
and he journeys on his fourth day —
precisely so, in every way.
But if he wishes to know how to survive:
he reads this every day,
after he has rubbed his flesh with bAd-ointment of an ama-girl
and scales of a bald ama-fish.
[Line damaged.]
CT1118
The mansion of Osiris — the land of the Akhu.
Seth — the land of the Akhu.
CT1119
It is the one who acts against Osiris.
Water is around him,
and life is on his mouth.
As for Osiris — the one created in the field —
his hands will drive Seth away for him.
Every member is within him,
in the place where they arrive,
and these his members are effective for the one he resembles.
"Heed yourself, Osiris — you who have your mansions,
You-Who-Remain, the Weary One, the Sufferer!
Your heart stays firm —
you who do not fight, you who remove strife!
[N] has told the thing of the red linen box of the Evil One.
Consider [N], O Osiris — you whom she has considered!
Heal the bones of [N]!
Strengthen the members of [N]!"
CT1120
[N] stood upright in the company of Osiris
when he stood upright.
"Osiris! Your ba has come to you.
Open your throat!
Give, Osiris for Osiris!" — four times —
"The sweet winds have come to you;
his strength has settled to earth —
and they have abandoned the rage upon him forever."
CT1121
The centipede.
[Line damaged.]
Aker.
"He-Who-Remains-and-Lives" —
that is the name of this barque.
CT1122
It is because of Osiris that he ignores Seth.
"Stand upright!
May I raise you up!
Open your ears!
May I give you the sound Wadjet-Eye!"
CT1123
"[N] is the one who has come forth from you."
"Give the Eye of Horus to Osiris —
so that your eye may be pure.
Raise yourself that you may live!"
What N has satisfied is what she gave.
CT1124
May N be pure in this very coffin of [N]!
[N] is Thoth, the possessor of the affair of Osiris,
the possessor of the affair of [N].
This comes from her father, Osiris,
the one who is in the height of Mehen.
CT1125
"Heed yourselves, O secret portals,
sacred of name and holy of place!
May you deliver [N]
from the power of all who impose every evil obstacle —
of the mighty ones who are before you —
until [N] has come before the Master of All,
has pacified the Two Combatants,
and [N] has presented the orphan,
while he complains of the wound made against his father
by TbhA, the slayer of his members!"
CT1126
Apopis.
His vertebra.
Imsety.
Hapi.
Duamutef.
Qebehsenuef.
He-Who-Watches-His-Father.
The Autocreated One.
The Henememet — the crew of Re — whose number is not known.
CT1127
Recitation by the Ancient Magician:
"You are thus destined for death.
He-Who-Watches-His-Father has fallen because of you."
It is said that they shoot at him —
those of the bows —
and the lance-bearers bring him down.
CT1128
[Lines damaged.]
The retinue in the prow: Isis, Seth, and Horus.
The retinue in the stern: Hou, Sia.
[Line damaged.]
CT1129
The northern shore of the Overflowing Lake,
whose number of cities is not known.
A million cubits surround it — twice — with flame, with torch.
"Heed yourself — the protection for its breath
that its flame upon it has created!
May [N] be delivered
from the power of the one who imposes every evil obstacle —
for Secret-of-His-Own-Awareness is his name —
for [N] came into existence from his very flesh,
for he created [N] from his own members,
with no father of [N] having placed her upon it,
with nothing coming forth for [N] from his members
to exalt the name of [N]
until the sight of his face —
and so that the members of [N] may be elevated to her desire
and in accordance with the beauty in the face of [N] —
for this portal closed upon [N] as the members of this egg
from which [N] had fled —
for it is the darkness of the father Nun that creates
and drives the living back to this portal!"
"I have made a million cubits in my own cubit,
in the removal of this place from [N]."
Colophon
The Book of Two Ways — Coffin Text Spells CT1041–CT1129
Good Works Translation from Middle Egyptian. Translated by Tulku Nuri of the New Tianmu Anglican Church, April 2026, from the Middle Egyptian transliterations in the MORTEXVAR database (database.mortexvar.com), extracted from de Buck's The Egyptian Coffin Texts, Volume 7 (Oriental Institute Publications 87, 1961). Primary witness: Coffin B3C (el-Bersha), with supplementary witnesses B1C, B2Bo, B2L, B1L, B1La, B9C, B12C, B1Bo.
First English translation. No prior complete free English translation of CT1041–CT1129 exists. R.O. Faulkner's The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts (Aris & Phillips, 1977–1978) translates the full corpus but is not freely available. The present translation is independently derived from the Egyptian.
Blood Rule statement: This translation was produced by reading the Middle Egyptian transliterations in the MORTEXVAR database directly. The French translations (de Buck's renderings as preserved in the MORTEXVAR dataset) were consulted as a reference for ambiguous passages and to verify overall comprehension; they are not reproduced here. All English is independently derived from the Egyptian transliteration. The colophon is honest.
Method: The Egyptian transliterations follow de Buck's standard Egyptological conventions (Gardiner-system transliteration). Determinatives are not included in the MORTEXVAR data. Damaged or absent lines are noted with [damaged] or [line damaged]. The placeholder [N] renders the Egyptian N tn ("this N here") or N pn ("this N here"), the standard Coffin Text formula for the deceased's name.
Notable passages: CT1065 (the cosmic opening formula, one of the great liturgical declarations of ancient Egypt); CT1079 and CT1082–1087 (the Rosetau cycle, concerning the sealed place where Osiris rests); CT1094 (the Thoth-and-Eye spell, a complex liturgical narrative); CT1099 (the long identification of the deceased with the following of Re — heavily damaged in the primary witness near its end); CT1125 and CT1129 (the final gates and the vision of the Northern Shore of the Overflowing Lake).
Gaps: CT1099 has an extended lacuna (approximately 65 lines in VII 401–415 of the MORTEXVAR dataset, all blank in B3C). Several other spells have individual damaged lines noted in the text. The rites of CT1117's concluding instruction involve bAd-ointment and ama-fish scales — technical terms not yet fully decoded in modern scholarship; the translation preserves the Egyptian terms.
Glossary contributions: See Sitepublish/Good Work Library/Glossary.md for additions from this text: Rosetau, Akhu/Akh, xnmt-offering, Henememet, Mehen, Kneeling Ones (mAs.w), Wadjet-Eye.
Scribed for the Good Work Library by Tulku Nuri, Translator Life 1, April 2026.
🌲
Source Text — Middle Egyptian Transliterations
The following contains the Middle Egyptian transliterations from the MORTEXVAR database (database.mortexvar.com), extracted from de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts, Vol. 7 (OIP 87, 1961). Blank lines indicate damaged or absent text in the manuscript witnesses. Coffin sigla: B3C = el-Bersha coffin 3C (large, primary witness); B1C = el-Bersha 1C; B2Bo = el-Bersha 2Bo; B2L = el-Bersha 2L; B1L = el-Bersha 1L; B1La = el-Bersha 1La; B9C = el-Bersha 9C; B12C = el-Bersha 12C; B1Bo = el-Bersha 1Bo. Format: reference | witness | transliteration.
CT1041
VII 291 b 1 | B3C | waA-Hr ir.y.s pw
VII 291 b 2 = e | B3C | [blank]
VII 291 c–e | B3C | [blank]
VII 292 a–f | B3C | [blank]
CT1042
VII 293 a | B3C | N tn Ax nb Ax.w
VII 293 b 1 | B3C | Ax iri.(y) N tn iw.f wn.(w)
VII 293 b 2–c | B3C | Ax sfA.(y).{i}s n ntf wn
VII 294 a | B3C | N tn pXr S.f m sD.t nb sSp
VII 294 b | B3C | [blank]
VII 294 c | B3C | iw dbn N tn ir.t Hr r a.s
VII 295 a | B3C | DHwty DA.f p.t xft N tn
VII 295 b | B3C | iw N tn swA.s nfr.(w)
VII 295 c | B3C | [blank]
CT1043
VII 295 d | B3C | ST.w-Hr ir.y.s pw
VII 296 a–c | B3C | [blank]
CT1044
VII 296 d | B2Bo | ASb.[w]
VII 296 e | B2Bo | rs-ib
VII 296 f | B2Bo | rs-Hr
VII 296 g | B2Bo | spd-Hr
VII 296 h | B2Bo | xrw
VII 296 i | B2Bo | smt.w
CT1045
VII 297 a | B3C | iwf-xf.t(y)
VII 297 b | B3C | anx m TA-S
VII 297 c | B3C | nhd-ns.(w)
VII 297 d | B3C | Adm.w-m-nfr.w
VII 297 e 1–2 | B3C | [blank]
CT1046
VII 298 a 1 | B3C | didi Ax nb
VII 298 a 2 | B3C | (w)Db.w im.s
VII 298 a 3 | B3C | mm Sms.w n wsir
VII 298 b 1 | B3C | iw Sms.w n.t(y)w im.s Ax.w pw
VII 298 b 2 | B3C | Hms im.s
VII 299 a | B3C | m-xt stp.sn sA.sn im r nb.w.sn
CT1047
VII 299 b | B3C | iw HA.t inpw m Htp.wt hrw rwi.w
VII 299 c | B3C | mm irr.w xnm.t n wsir
VII 299 d | B3C | N tn ir.y-a n DHwty
VII 300 a | B3C | N tn pfs.t xnm.t n wsir mm irr.w Htp.wt
VII 300 b | B3C | iw HA.t inpw m Htp.wt hrw rwi.w
CT1048
VII 300 c | B1C | N wab pfss n wsir m-Xr.t-hrw
VII 300 d | B1C | iw HA.wt.i m sx.t Htp.wt
VII 300 e | B1C | mm rx.ww x.t
VII 301 a | B1C | mm iri.w xnm.wt n wsir
VII 301 b | B1C | N zS HA.wt r a n DHwty
VII 301 c | B1C | N xnm.t(y) n wsir mm iri.w Htp.wt
VII 301 d | B1C | iw HA.t inpw ? m Htp.wt
VII 301 e | B1C | n iTi.tw m a.i
CT1049
VII 301 f | B2Bo | nb.tt Htp.w
VII 301 g | B2Bo | xnm.t im.s n nb.s
VII 301 h–302 c | B2Bo | [blank or damaged]
VII 302 b | B2Bo | prr xnm.t im.s n wsir ra nb
CT1050
VII 302 d | B3C | r n wnn m nTr zp 2 n wsir
VII 302 e | B3C | nn mn(i) mAA.t wsir m(w)t
VII 302 f 1 | B3C | iry arr.yt
VII 302 f 2 | B3C | mz.w-m-awA
CT1051
VII 303 a | B3C | [r n w]nn m Htp.wt [mm nTr.w] n.t(y)w m Sms.w n wsir ra nb
VII 303 b 1 | B3C | wnm.sn t mm anx.w D.t
VII 303 b 2 = d | B3C | [blank]
VII 303 c | B3C | wnn HA.wt.f im
VII 304 a | B3C | iw.f Hna DHwty
VII 304 b | B3C | n(n) xsf.(w).f in nbD nb
VII 304 c 1–d | B3C | [blank]
CT1052
VII 304 e 1 | B1C | HfA.wt af.tt
VII 304 e 2 | B1C | ir.(y)w arr.wt
VII 304 f–j | B1C | [blank]
CT1053
VII 305 a | B2Bo | wA.t nw r niw.wt n.(w)t anx.w m bn.wt
VII 305 b | B2Bo | r n swA Hr.s nw n.t(y) tp-a.wy
VII 305 c 1 | B2Bo | r n swA
VII 305 c 2 | B2Bo | Hr niw.wt n.(w)t ds.w [kh]A.w-xrw
VII 305 d–e | B2Bo | [blank]
VII 305 f 1 | B2Bo | r n swA
VII 305 f 2 | B2Bo | Hr wA.t n.t sD.t(y)w
VII 305 g | B2Bo | ink ir.t Hr
VII 305 h | B2Bo | Ax.t m grH iri.t sD.t m nfr.w.s
VII 306 a 1 | B2Bo | ink nb Ax.t
VII 306 a 2 | B2Bo | sD.t ra nb nsb.w wi
VII 306 b 1–5 | B2Bo | [ir] swA [Hr wA.t] [sxr.t(w)] xf.t(y).s wnnt xsf.(w) [aAp]p
VII 306 c 1 | B2Bo | r n pH
VII 306 c 2 | B2Bo | mAs.ww ipw
VII 306 c 3 | B2Bo | ir.(y)w arr.wt
CT1054
VII 306 d 1 | B1C | [blank]
VII 306 d 2 | B1C | S n sD.t aAtyw {r}rn.f
VII 306 e | B1C | n-wnt z nb rx ao m sD.t
VII 306 f | B1C | Sna.t(w).f im
VII 306 g 1 | B1C | iw.f iwa.f wA.t pw
VII 306 g 2 | B1C | r n S mAa.(w)
CT1055
VII 307 a | B3C | r n swA Hr.f nw n.t(y) Xr{n} S.t pw
VII 307 b | B3C | di swA N tn m Htp
VII 307 c | B3C | iri wA.t n N tn
VII 307 d | B3C | sod.s wiA
VII 308 a | B3C | mk.t N tn pw mk.t.f
VII 308 b | B3C | xpr.t(y).s(y) r N tn xpr.(w) mi.tt ir.f
VII 308 c | B3C | Dr iri.w.k
VII 308 d | B3C | [blank]
CT1056
VII 309 a | B3C | aA-Hr-xsf-AT.w ir.y oAb pw pw
CT1057
VII 309 b | B3C | mds ir.y S ir.y oAb pw pw
CT1058
VII 310 a 1–4 | B3C | N tn dr xsf.t AT.w xp ir iTi.t
VII 310 b 1 | B3C | iw N Xr swH.t saH.f min xa.f
VII 310 b 2 | B3C | m nhp.w
VII 311 a 1 | B3C | zA.{T}tw saH.f
VII 311 a 2 | B3C | n pH.(w) sw N tn
VII 311 b | B3C | xa.(w).f mA(A) sw N tn
VII 311 c 1 | B3C | bw.t N tn pw inn
VII 311 c 2 = e | B3C | [blank]
VII 311 d | B3C | Dr rx.s sw
VII 311 e | B3C | n anx.f m Ax.t xm.w.t(y).f(y) N tn Hna nTr nxn
CT1059
VII 312 b | B3C | mk.ti-nTr.wy rn.f pw
VII 313 a | B3C | iry oAb pw pw
VII 313 b 1 | B3C | swt zAA
VII 313 b 2 | B3C | hAA im.f
VII 313 c | B3C | [blank]
CT1060
VII 313 d 1 | B3C | i.n N tn min
VII 313 d 2 | B3C | m Tn.w Ax.t
VII 314 a 1 | B3C | sr N tn ra
VII 314 a 2 | B3C | Hr arr.wt p.t
VII 314 b | B3C | Ha nTr.w m-xsf.w N tn
VII 314 c | B3C | iw sT nTr r.s
VII 315 a | B3C | n(n) pH.(w) s(y) nbD.w
VII 315 b 1 | B3C | n(n) xm.w s(y)
VII 315 b 2 | B3C | ir(y).w arr.wt
VII 315 c | B3C | N tn StA m-Xn.w kAr
VII 316 a 1 | B3C | Hr.(y) xm
VII 316 a 2–c | B3C | [blank or damaged]
VII 316 c | B3C | n oAss kAr nw pH.w N tn
VII 317 a | B3C | m tA wab.yt
CT1061
VII 317 b | B3C | N tn rn-wr
VII 317 c | B3C | [iri n].Tn s(y) Hr wA.t mAa.t
VII 317 d | B3C | bw.t.s pw xb.tyw
VII 318 a | B3C | mk.t N pw mk.t Hr-sms.w-ra
VII 318 b | B3C | ink iri n ib.f
VII 318 c | B3C | n nDrr rd n N tn
VII 318 d 1 | B3C | n xsff.s
VII 318 d 2 | B3C | Hr arr.wt p.t
VII 319 a | B3C | N tn apr.t rwti
VII 319 b | B3C | Ho.t nTr.w anx.w
VII 319 c | B3C | imi.k xm.w N tn
CT1062
VII 320 a | B3C | dbi-Hr-khA-At rn.f pw
VII 320 b | B3C | SAs.w.f pw
VII 320 c | B3C | r n pXr m hrw Dr rx z r pn
VII 320 d 1–2 | B3C | [blank]
CT1063
VII 321 a | B3C | iwa.n N tn Ax.t n.t ra
VII 321 b | B3C | isT N tn is nb tm
VII 321 c | B3C | N tn zn Dd.t.n.f
VII 321 d | B3C | N tn iwa Ax.t
VII 322 a 1 | B3C | iri wA.t n ra
VII 322 a 2 | B3C | xn.f
VII 322 b | B3C | awn.t rx.n N tn rn.T
CT1064
VII 322 c | B12C | Tzm-Hr-aA-ir.w r[n.f] pw
VII 323 a | B12C | [blank]
VII 323 b | B12C | awaw n wp.t XAs.w
VII 323 c | B12C | r n swA Hr.f pw
CT1065
VII 324 a | B3C | wn p.t wn tA
VII 324 b | B3C | wn Ax.t iAb.tt wn Ax.t imn.tt
VII 324 c | B3C | wn itr.t Sma.t wn itr.t mH.t
VII 324 d | B3C | wn znS.w
VII 325 a | B3C | znS sbA.w iAb.tyw n ra
VII 325 b | B3C | pr.f m Ax.t
VII 325 c | B3C | wn n.f aA.wy msk.tt
VII 325 d 1–2 | B3C | znS n.f sbA.w manD.yt
VII 325 e | B3C | sn.f Sw
VII 326 a | B3C | omA.f tfn.t
VII 326 b 1–2 | B3C | Sms sw im.yw Sms.[w]
VII 326 c | B3C | Sms.sn N tn mi ra ra nb
CT1066
VII 327 a | B3C | xsf-Hr-[anx]-m-Ar.wt rn.f pw
VII 327 b | B3C | ir.(y) n oAb pw pw
VII 327 c | B3C | r n swA Hr.f pw
CT1067
VII 328 a–b | B3C | N tn zb mdw-nTr n nTr ra
VII 328 c 1 | B3C | i.n N tn
VII 328 c 2 | B3C | sDb.s wp.t n nb.s
CT1068
VII 329 a | B3C | i.nD Hr.k ra
VII 329 b | B3C | sHtp.k wsir n N tn
VII 329 c | B3C | dwA Tw im.yw imH.t
VII 330 a | B3C | sAx Tw im.yw dwA.t
VII 330 b | B3C | di.sn n.k iA
VII 330 c | B3C | iwy.k m Htp
VII 330 d | B3C | di.k Htp.wt n wr.w wAx n Srr.w
VII 331 a | B3C | di.k Htp.(w)t n N tn
VII 331 b | B3C | zb N tn r imAx mi ra ra nb
CT1069
VII 331 c 1 | B1C | aA-Hr xsf At.ww
VII 331 c 2 | B1C | zAA st m pr.f
VII 331 d | B1C | ao Xr oAb pw pw
VII 331 e | B1C | sro.t wn[n.i] m-Aw[.t D.t]
VII 332 a | B1C | ir.(y) oAb pw pw
VII 332 b | B1C | xnfA Dd.w mw.t.f mi Sw.t
VII 332 c | B1C | ir.(y) oAb pw pw
VII 332 d | B1C | zAA [pw pw m-Xn.w xm.f]
VII 332 e | B1C | [blank]
VII 332 f | B1C | N aSA iri xrw p[.t]
VII 332 g 1–2 | B1C | [sar] mAa.t [n] ra dr aApp
VII 332 h 1–2 | B1C | wbA biA xsf nSn
VII 332 i | B1C | sanx is.ty ra
VII 333 a | B1C | rdi.(w) n.i iAA.t.i
VII 333 b | B1C | sar.(w) n.i Htp m ir.y.f
VII 333 c–e | B1C | [blank]
CT1070
VII 333 f | B1C | sD.t xsf.t wa pw
VII 333 g | B1C | sD.t xsf.t wa pw
VII 333 h | B1C | sD.t xsf.t wa pw
CT1071
VII 334 a | B3C | oA-TA.ww rn.f pw
VII 334 b | B3C | [blank]
VII 334 c | B3C | r n swA Hr.s nw n.t(y) Xr.sn
VII 334 d | B3C | nb-At rn.f pw
VII 334 e | B3C | nhz.w
VII 335 a | B3C | N tn aA xrw m Ax.t wr.Tn is
VII 335 b | B3C | Hr Hr.Tn nhz.w iri wA.t n nb.Tn
VII 335 c | B3C | N tn pw
VII 335 d | B3C | bs.y rn.f pw
VII 336 a | B3C | r n swA Hr.s nw n.t(y) Xr.s(n)
VII 336 b | B3C | sD.t-Hr.w rn.f pw
VII 336 c | B3C | nb.w wsr.wt
VII 336 d | B3C | iw Hr n N tn m wr
VII 337 a | B3C | pH.(w)y N tn m wrr.t
VII 337 b | B3C | N tn nb wsr.tyw
VII 337 c–338 b | B3C | [blank]
VII 338 c | B3C | N tn Hms Hr ir.t Hr m tp.y 3.w
VII 338 d | B3C | wDa mdw-nTr m sn.w DHwty
VII 338 e | B3C | [blank]
VII 339 a | B3C | mk.t N tn mk.t DHwty m-a.Tn
VII 339 b–c | B3C | [blank]
CT1072
VII 339 d | B3C | [blank]
VII 339 e 1–2 | B3C | r n wA.wt n.(w)t r-stA.w pn Hr.(w)t mw Hr.(w)t tA
VII 339 f 1 | B3C | iw wA.wt iptw min
VII 339 f 2–3 | B3C | [blank]
VII 340 a | B3C | m-stnm
VII 340 b 1 | B3C | wa.t nb.(t) im xsf.t(i) m snw.t.s
VII 340 b 2 | B3C | m-stnm
VII 340 c | B3C | in rx s(n) gmm wA.wt.sn
VII 341 a | B3C | iw.sn oA.(w) m inb.w n.w ds.w
CT1073
VII 342 a | B3C | gH ir.Tn mAs.w StA.w-Hr.w
VII 342 b | B3C | anx.w m amaA.wt.sn
VII 342 c 1–2 | B3C | N tn wsr [blank]
VII 343 a | B3C | wdn A.t
VII 343 b | B3C | iri wA.t.f m sD.t
VII 343 c | B3C | iw srwx.n N tn wsir
VII 343 d 1–2 | B3C | iri wA.t n N tn swA.s
VII 344 a | B3C | [blank]
VII 344 b | B3C | ix mA.n N wa dbn ra mm ir.w Htp.wt
VII 344 c | B3C | iri wA.t n N tn
VII 345 a 1–2 | B3C | di swA.s m Htp zp 2
CT1074
VII 345 b | B3C | wA.wt Hr.(w)t tA n.(w)t r-stA.w
CT1075
VII 346 a 1 | B3C | N tn tAS
VII 346 a 2 | B3C | Agb wp rH.wy
VII 346 b 1 | B3C | i.n N tn
VII 346 b 2 | B3C | dr.s DH.w Hr wsir
CT1076
VII 346 c | B3C | bS-Hrp(i)
VII 346 d | B3C | didi sw
VII 347 a | B3C | nHb-kA.w
VII 347 b | B3C | wnm it.w.f
VII 347 c | B3C | wnm mw.wt.f
VII 347 d | B3C | xsf stX Spt
VII 347 e | B3C | wt.tyw kA iwnw
VII 347 f | B3C | am HH.w
VII 347 g | B3C | Hr-n-bik pr m wAD.yt
VII 347 h | B3C | Hr-Hr-Hr-Hr pr m Ax.t
CT1077
VII 347 i | B9C | aSA-Hr.w {xn}sDm{w} DA{w}d.wtt
VII 347 j | B9C | aSA r DAd.(w)t
VII 347 k | B9C | xp.y mH.ty
VII 348 a | B9C | wAH xpr
VII 348 b | B9C | dwn rd
VII 348 c | B9C | DAd.[wt]
VII 348 d | B9C | HAm aSA[.t]
CT1078
VII 348 e | B3C | wA.wt Hr.(w)t m.w n.(w)t r-stA.w
CT1079
VII 348 f | B3C | N tn wnx iA.t.f
VII 349 a | B3C | pr m wrr.t
VII 349 b 1–2 | B3C | i.n N tn smn.s x.t m AbDw
VII 349 c | B3C | wp N tn r-stA.w
VII 349 d | B3C | snDm N tn mn.t wsir
VII 350 a | B3C | N tn sxpr mw wDa iA.t.f iri wA.t.f m in.t
VII 350 b | B3C | wr iri wA.t sSp.t n N
VII 350 c | B3C | di.y swA.s
VII 350 d | B3C | [blank]
VII 351 a | B3C | dr N tn ihm iri-sw
VII 351 b 1–2 | B3C | ir mAs.w ipw (i)n gb smn sn m r-stA.w m Dr zA.f wsir
VII 351 c | B3C | n-snD sn.f stX
VII 351 d | B3C | im.f bzn.w sw
VII 351 e | B3C | ir z nb rx rn n mAs.w ipw wnn.f Hna wsir r-nHH
VII 351 f | B3C | n sk.n.f D.t
CT1080
VII 352 a | B3C | xtm.t nw n.tt m-Xn.w kkw
VII 352 b | B3C | sD.t HA.s Xr.t rDw pw n wsir
VII 352 c | B3C | rdi.(w).s m r-stA.w
VII 353 a | B3C | StA.(w).f Dr xr.f im.f
VII 353 b | B3C | hA.t im.f pw Hr xAs.t n.(t) Sa
VII 353 c | B3C | wn.t Xr.f pw wd.yt m r-stA.w
CT1081
VII 354 a | B3C | ir z nb mAA.w im anx.(w) n sk.n.f D.t
VII 354 b 1–3 | B3C | Dr rx.f r n swA Hr mAs.(y)w ir.yw arr.wt
CT1082
VII 354 c | B3C | r n wnn m r-stA.w
VII 354 d | B3C | N tn rn-wr iri sSp.t.[f]
VII 354 e | B3C | i.n N [tn xr].k wsir
VII 355 a | B3C | dwA Tw N tn
VII 355 b | B3C | di N tn Tz sw rDw.k
CT1083
VII 355 c | B1L | sD.t
CT1084
VII 355 d | B1La | ink nb dSr.w m hrw.w xpr.w
VII 355 e | B1La | ink mds.w
VII 355 f | B1La | n awAA.(i)
VII 355 g | B1La | iri n.i wA.t xnt Hw.t-nTr
VII 355 h | B1La | iw wt n {sw}im.y.w bnr.t
VII 356 a | B1La | ini.w n.i xr.t dSr.t
VII 356 b | B1La | sDA.t m Htp r stp-sA n wsir
VII 356 c 1–2 | B1La | swA arr.wt
CT1085
VII 356 d | B1La | r n wnn m r-stA.w
VII 356 e 1 | B1La | anx HA.w-x.t r-gs wsir mAA
VII 356 e 2 | B1La | [blank]
VII 357 a | B1La | in[k rn]-wr iri sSp.f
VII 357 b | B1La | ii.n.i xr.k wsir dwA.i Tw
VII 357 c | B1La | n dr.k wi
VII 357 d | B1La | [blank]
VII 358 a | B1La | di.i Tz sw rDw.k
VII 358 b | B1La | sTA im.k
VII 358 c | B1La | ir.y.i r[n n r]-stA.w Dr xr.(w).i im.f
VII 358 d | B1La | i.nD Hr.k wsir
VII 359 a | B1La | Tz Tw
VII 359 b | B1La | sxm ir.k wsr ir.k
VII 359 c | B1La | [blank]
VII 359 d | B1La | sxm m sxm.k {i}pw n r-stA.w
VII 360 a | B1La | m wsr.[k] pw n AbDw
VII 360 b | B1La | pXr [wa]
VII 360 c–361 b | B1La | [blank]
VII 361 c | B1La | dbn ra is
VII 361 d 1–2 | B1La | Dd.k wsir
VII 361 e | B1La | ink saH nTr
VII 362 a | B1La | Dd.i xpr
VII 362 b | B1La | n(n) xsf.(w).i Hr.k ra
CT1086
VII 362 c | B1L | inb.w pw n.(w) Dab.[t]
VII 362 d | B1L | wp wA.t m r-stA.w
VII 363 a | B1L | s[nD]m.i mn.t n(.t) wsir
VII 363 b | B1L | ink sxpr n.tt
VII 363 c | B1L | wDa iA.t.f
VII 363 d | B1L | iri wA.t.f m in.t
VII 363 e | B1L | wr iri n.i wA.t sSp.(t)
VII 363 f | B1L | [blank]
VII 364 a | B1L | [di.y] swA[.i]
CT1087
VII 364 b | B2L | md.t nw n.tt m-Xn.w kkw
VII 364 c | B2L | ir Ax nb rx s(y) iw.f anx.(w)
VII 364 d | B2L | mm anx.w
VII 364 e | B2L | iw sD.t HA.s
VII 364 f | B2L | Xr.t rDw pw n wsir
VII 365 a | B2L | ir z nb rx.t(y).f(y) s(y) n sk.n.f im D.t
VII 365 b | B2L | Dr rx.f wnt r-stA.w
VII 365 c | B2L | StA.w r-stA.w Dr xr.(w).f im
VII 365 d | B2L | iw hA.(w) Hr xAs.t
VII 365 e | B2L | Xr.t a.w pw wnn.t Xr.f m Ddw
VII 365 f | B2L | iwtyw pw n wsir r-stA.w
VII 365 g | B2L | ir z nb n.ty im
VII 366 a | B2L | iw.f mAA.f wsir
VII 366 b | B2L | [blank]
VII 366 c | B2L | n mni.n.f D.t
VII 366 d | B2L | [blank]
CT1088
VII 366 e | B12C | inn-tp
VII 366 f | B12C | nsr.w
VII 366 g–j | B12C | [blank]
CT1089
VII 367 a | B3C | di ini.t n.k N tn DHwty
VII 367 b | B3C | N tn wn dwA.t
VII 367 c | B3C | ra Tz N tn m [tp].k
VII 367 d | B3C | sod N tn m wiA.k
VII 368 a 1 | B3C | iri N tn wA.t.k m (p.t)
VII 368 a 2–369 d | B3C | [blank]
CT1090
VII 370 c | B2Bo | nHb.ti
VII 370 d | B2Bo | nHA-Hr
VII 370 e | B2Bo | Xr.(y)-aH.wt
VII 370 f | B2Bo | Xr.(y)-Hw.t
VII 370 g | B2Bo | Xr.(y)-iA
VII 370 h–m | B2Bo | [blank]
CT1091
VII 371 a 1 | B1L | sD.t HA.T
VII 371 a 2 | B1L | At.t im
VII 371 b | B1L | nn ATw.(w).i
VII 371 c | B1L | iw.i Xr nms Xr HD.t
VII 371 d | B1L | Tnn xpr.(w) xpr.[t] m xpr
CT1092
VII 371 e | B1L | ianw n.k DHwty
VII 371 f | B1L | sTp.(w).[f] [n (i)wa] m nb {m} nhp.w
VII 371 g 1 | B1L | iw.i Xr mAa.t
VII 371 g 2 | B1L | bw.[t] [kk.w]
VII 371 h–i | B1L | [blank]
CT1093
VII 371 j | B12C | wA.t DHwty nw r pr mAa.t
VII 372 a | B12C | wnn.(i) m Sms.w DHwty m grH m [nwH].sn
VII 372 b 1–c | B12C | [blank]
CT1094
VII 372 d | B1Bo | i.nD Hr.k DHwty im.(y) Sms.w ra
VII 373 a | B1Bo | in(n) wDA.t pw N pn bAo.t
VII 373 b | B1Bo | in N pn wDa HAti Hr nkn.t bAo.s
VII 374 a 1–2 | B1Bo | mk N pn i.y xr.k m Smsw.k pi n grH mm iri.w Htp.wt
VII 374 b | B1Bo | iw N pn hA.y m wiA ra
VII 375 a | B1Bo | mwi.n.f sD.t
VII 375 b | B1Bo | sSp.(w) kkw mm i.w m Htp.wt
VII 375 c 1–2 | B1Bo | m ini.t mAa.t n DA-S
VII 376 a 1–3 | B1Bo | sDm.n.f mdw hiw Hr war.t wr.t mH.tt Dwn-pD.wt
VII 376 b | B1Bo | in N pn nHm ra m a nSn n aApp
VII 377 a 1–2 | B1Bo | (n)n xr.(w).f m int.t.f
VII 377 b | B1Bo | in N pn Sd xrw
VII 377 c | B1Bo | sbAo nkn.t
VII 377 d | B1Bo | pXr sbA
VII 377 e | B1Bo | dbA nTr m ir.t(w) n.f
VII 378 a | B1Bo | di ini.t n.k N pn DHwty
VII 378 b | B1Bo | n(n) xsff N pn Hr.k m grH
VII 378 c 1–3 | B1Bo | in N pn ini wDA.t nHm s(y) m a on s(y)
VII 379 a | B1Bo | mtr pw
VII 379 b | B1Bo | Hw.t iaH
CT1095
VII 379 c | B2Bo | As.t nw n.tt m-HA.t.f m mAa.t
VII 379 d 1–3 | B2Bo | sSm.s n.f wA.wt m DA.t p.t
VII 379 e | B2Bo | stwt.f irr.t ra
CT1096
VII 380 a | B9C | DHwty nw n.ty m p.t
VII 380 b | B9C | ir.t Hr Hr-a.wy.f m Hw.t iaH
CT1097
VII 380 c | B9C | Xr.(y)-Ha.wt
VII 380 d | B9C | sD.t
VII 380 e | B9C | [sD.t]
CT1098
VII 381 a | B3C | ir mHn pw n.t(y) tp.f
VII 381 b 1–2 | B3C | in As.t ini n.f sw xr Hr sms.w
VII 381 c | B3C | iri rn.f rf hrw pw n stp.sn-sA im rf
VII 382 a | B3C | m Ax.t
VII 382 b 1–2 | B3C | m psS Sn.wt m Ax.t
VII 382 c | B3C | m ini.sn aA.(w).sn
VII 382 d | B3C | m Dd (i)t im.y nTr.w
VII 383 a | B3C | iri n.T(n) Sn.wt m rx.(y)t.T(n)
VII 383 b | B3C | di.i zb.sn Hr.T(n)
VII 383 c | B3C | ra pw psD m grH
VII 384 a | B3C | [blank]
VII 384 b 1–2 | B3C | ir z nb n.t(y) m Sms.w.f iw.f anx.(w) D.t mm Sms.w n DHwty
VII 385 a | B3C | didi.t(w) xa.f m grH
VII 385 b | B3C | sAw.t(w) ib n wsir
VII 385 c | B3C | Dr-ntt.f m wa nwD r.f
VII 385 d 1–3 | B3C | di.y mm Sms.w.f m Sn.yt
CT1099
VII 386 a | B3C | N tn Sms.w ra
VII 386 b | B3C | Szp biA.f
VII 386 c | B3C | dbA nTr m xm.f
VII 386 d | B3C | Hr ar n nb.f
VII 386 e | B3C | StA s.t
VII 387 a | B3C | m ab.w kAr
VII 387 b | B3C | wp.t(y) n nTr n mr.t.n.f
VII 387 c 1–2 | B3C | N tn Sd mAa.t saa n.f s(y) m-bAH.f
VII 388 a | B3C | N tn Tz nwH oAs kAr.f
VII 388 b | B3C | bw.t N tn pw nSn
VII 388 c | B3C | n(n) bs.w m.w r-gs N tn
VII 389 a | B3C | n xsff N tn Hr ra
VII 389 b | B3C | n Snaa N tn in iri-m-a.wy.f
VII 389 c | B3C | n(n) Sm.(w) N tn m in.t kkw
VII 390 a | B3C | n(n) ao.(w).s m S xbn.tyw
VII 390 b | B3C | n(n) wnn.s m SAm.t A.t
VII 390 c | B3C | n(n) xr.(w) N tn m HAo.t
VII 391 a 1–3 | B3C | ao.s mm iTi.(w) n Hr.f-HA-nm.t-n.t-nm.t-spd.t
VII 391 b | B3C | ianw n.Tn tmA.tyw
VII 391 c | B3C | iw Dsr.w nTr
VII 392 a | B3C | m StA.w a.wy gb Hr nhp.w
VII 392 b | B3C | in-m ir(f) sSm.(w).f wr.w
VII 392 c | B3C | ip.(w).f HaA.w r nw.f
VII 393 a | B3C | isT DHwty m-Xn.w StA.w
VII 393 b | B3C | iri.f ab.w n ip HH.w ipp
VII 393 c | B3C | wbA biA xsr HA.ti m Dr.f
VII 394 a | B3C | pH.n sw N tn m s.t.f
VII 394 b | B3C | nDr N tn mdw
VII 394 c | B3C | Szp N tn nms ra
VII 394 d | B3C | aA Sm.wt nfr.(w)t
VII 395 a | B3C | wbs Hr m-sA ir.t.f
VII 395 b | B3C | psD.ty.f HA zp 2 s.t.f
VII 395 c | B3C | dr.s(n) ih mr i.mn.f
VII 395 d | B3C | dr N tn ih
VII 396 a | B3C | snDm.s Xr.(y).f
VII 396 b | B3C | wbA.n N tn Ax.t n ra
VII 396 c | B3C | iri.n N tn wiA.f sDA.t nfr.t
VII 397 a | B3C | HD Hr n DHwty n N tn
VII 397 b | B3C | dwA N tn ra
VII 397 c | B3C | m ir.t.n.f
VII 397 d | B3C | sDm.f n N tn
VII 397 e | B3C | Hwi.f n.s sDb
VII 397 f | B3C | n(n) iwi.w N tn
VII 398 a | B3C | n Snaa.s m Ax.t
VII 398 b | B3C | N tn ra
VII 398 c | B3C | n(n) iwi.y.s DA.t aA.t
VII 398 d 1–2 | B3C | in Hr.f-m-rd wAH a
VII 399 a | B3C | Dr-ntt rn n ra m X.t N tn saH.f m [r].s
VII 399 b | B3C | Dd n.f sw N tn
VII 399 c | B3C | N tn sDm mdw.f
VII 400 a | B3C | iA n.k ra nb Ax.t
VII 400 b | B3C | wab.w n.f Hnmm.t
VII 400 c | B3C | xrp.w n.f p.t ir A.t wr.t
VII 401 a | B3C | swA.t(w) Hp.wt znT.w
VII 401 b 1 | B3C | mk N tn i.t(i)
[CT1099 source text continues, but VII 401b2–415e (approximately 65 entries) are blank or fragmentary in B3C and cannot be transcribed.]
CT1100
VII 416 a 1 | B3C | dwn HA.t
VII 416 a 2 | B3C | ir.y arr.yt HA.t
VII 416 b | B3C | i.n N tn min m in.t {z}aA.t
VII 416 c | B3C | nHm.n N tn z{x}r.t.yw n aHA m a.f
VII 417 a 1 | B3C | nm.ty spd A.t
VII 417 a 2 | B3C | iwty xsf.(w).f
VII 417 b 1 | B3C | N tn xsf nbD.w
VII 417 b 2 | B3C | iwty xsf.sn
VII 417 c | B3C | m hA.w Hr.i
VII 418 a | B3C | dwn-HA.t rs-Hr
VII 418 b | B3C | imi xpr.f HA.ty m Hnmm.t hrw Dsr.(w) nTr
VII 418 c | B3C | ir iw.t.k
VII 419 a | B3C | m HfA.t nb.(t)
VII 419 b | B3C | m(w)t.kA ra
VII 419 c | B3C | zfT.kA.t(w) app
VII 419 d | B3C | iri.(w) x.t im.f m-Xn.w nm.t xw
VII 419 e | B3C | [blank]
CT1101
VII 420 a | B3C | iknty ir.y arr.yt sn.nw.t
VII 420 b | B3C | [blank]
VII 420 c | B3C | tp.t n.t N tn stp.(t).n.sn sA n N tn
VII 421 a 1–2 | B3C | iw hiw aHa.(w) m-xsf.(w).k
VII 421 b | B3C | iw wiA xr.(w) Hr m.w gnn.w
VII 421 c | B3C | iw.k sT ntf.t(i) m r n ra
VII 422 a 1–2 | B3C | n(n) wDA.(w).k m a Smsw.f
VII 422 b 1–2 | B3C | iw A.t Hr.k iw nT.f r.k
VII 422 c | B3C | xt m s.t.k
VII 422 d | B3C | n(n) iw.k zp.f
VII 422 e | B3C | mAA.t(w).k
VII 423 a | B3C | A.ty Xr.(y) n i wr.t
CT1102
VII 423 b 1 | B3C | wnm-HAm.t-pH.wy.f
VII 423 b 2 | B3C | ir.y arr.t xmt.(nw.t)
VII 423 c–424 a | B3C | Hm HA.k A.ty
VII 424 b | B3C | iw a.k m AbH.w
VII 424 c | B3C | iw psD.k m bb.t dSr.t
VII 424 d | B3C | wnm.k m wnm.t mm.t
VII 425 a | B3C | iw rx.n Tw N tn
VII 425 b | B3C | rx.n.s rn n amaA.t.k tw omA.yt HA.k
VII 425 c | B3C | Hr Hr.k wAH a.wy.k
VII 426 a | B3C | pr sSp
VII 426 b | B3C | wbA.f biA
VII 426 c | B3C | xsr.(w) sw HA.t Hr
CT1103
VII 426 d 1 | B3C | xsf-Hr-aSA-xrw
VII 426 d 2 | B3C | ir.y arr.yt fd.nw.t
VII 427 a | B3C | Sw rwty
VII 427 b 1 | B3C | Sw r p.t
VII 427 b 2 | B3C | rwty r tA
VII 427 c | B3C | Twt Dd n.i Dsr p.t tA
VII 427 d | B3C | Hr Hr.k
VII 427 e–f | B3C | Hm.n HD.t nms
VII 428 a 1–3 | B3C | sao.(w).f ssd.n xsf-Hr HA Dsr nTr
VII 428 b | B3C | sr m Asr.t
VII 428 c | B3C | in m pXr mHn
VII 429 a | B3C | aA saH.f
VII 429 b | B3C | wDa-mdw DHwty m nhp.w
VII 429 c | B3C | wiA sD.(w)
VII 429 d 1–2 | B3C | Dr iw.k xsf im N tn
CT1104
VII 430 a | B3C | i.n N m Ha.wt
VII 430 b 1 | B3C | sr N Tnw
VII 430 b 2 | B3C | mH.w ra m xpr
VII 430 c | B3C | Hr sms.w ra pXr.f p.t
VII 431 a | B3C | mAA.f N mm im.yw Hm.w
VII 431 b | B3C | [blank]
CT1105
VII 431 c | B3C | i.n N tn m p.t n.t rwty
VII 432 a | B3C | Sd.n N tn mAa.t
VII 432 b | B3C | iri wA.t n N tn
VII 432 c | B3C | Szp.s wrr.t tp Hr [sms].w ra m.a.s m a N
VII 432 d | B3C | ini n.{i}s s(y)
VII 433 a 1 | B3C | iri n.{i}s wA.t
VII 433 a 2 | B3C | swA N im.s
VII 433 b | B3C | smAa.{i}s mAa.t
VII 433 c | B3C | wbA.s kk.w
CT1106
VII 433 d | B3C | i.n N tn xr.k
VII 434 a | B3C | {w}Hr sms.w (m)m wbA.w biA
VII 434 b 1 | B3C | nHm.k N tn
VII 434 b 2 | B3C | m a ann.tyw
VII 434 b 3 | B3C | iT(T)-n[.f]-mAA.t.f
VII 435 a | B3C | n iTi hh n r.f N t[n]
VII 435 b | B3C | n xsf s(y) A.t.f
VII 435 c | B3C | iw N tn sTA.t(i) Hr Hr.(y)-nT.f
VII 435 d | B3C | di swA N
VII 435 e | B3C | wbA.s kk.w
VII 435 f | B3C | [blank]
CT1107
VII 436 a | B3C | kk.w
VII 436 b | B3C | kk.w
VII 436 c | B3C | kk.w
VII 436 d–g | B3C | [blank]
CT1108
VII 436 h 1 | B3C | sxd-Hr-aSA-ir.w
VII 436 h 2 | B3C | ir.y arr.yt tp.t
VII 436 i | B3C | anx.f m xm.w
VII 437 a | B3C | iwt(y) rx.sn swA Hr.s
VII 437 b | B3C | r n swA Hr.f nw n.ty tp a.wy N
VII 437 c | B3C | mk.t N m a.f
VII 437 d | B3C | iw N rx.t(i) DA.t irr-n.f-Ds.f
VII 437 e | B3C | [blank]
CT1109
VII 437 f | B3C | anx-m-fnT.w ir.(y) arr.yt Hr-ib.t
VII 437 g–438 a | B3C | anx.f m iw.t(y) rx.f r n Sm.t r p.t tw n.t Hr sms.w
VII 438 b | B3C | 3-nw i.a(r) n nb.f anx.f
VII 438 c | B3C | ir xpr m fnT.w wnm.xr.f st
VII 438 d–e | B3C | Dr tm.f rx.(w) r n swA Hr.f nw n.t(y) tp-a.wy.f
VII 438 f | B3C | mk.t.(f) m a.f
VII 438 g | B3C | N tn Hr(.y)-ib biA.f
VII 438 h | B3C | swt sn N tn mHn m sod.wt
VII 438 i | B3C | [blank]
CT1110
VII 439 a | B3C | iknty khA xrw.f m sD.t ir.y arr.yt 3.t
VII 439 b | B3C | 3.nw i.a(r) n nb.f anx.f m sD.t
VII 439 c | B3C | sD.t nw n.tt tp r.f
VII 439 d | B3C | r n swA Hr.f nw n.t(y) tp-a.wy.f
VII 439 e | B3C | mk.t N tn m a.f
VII 439 f | B3C | N tn Hr.(y)-[ib biA].f m Hr sms.w
VII 440 a 1–2 | B3C | n hA.n.t(w) N tn in anx.w zbi.w
VII 440 b | B3C | in Sn.wt.f rdi[.t wDA].w n N
CT1111
VII 440 c | B1L | sD.t
VII 440 d | B1L | arr.yt kk.w
CT1112
VII 440 e | B3C | wn Tw XAti
VII 441 a | B3C | HA.t(y) ra wnx sDA Hr nfr ra nb
VII 441 b | B3C | aA ir.w wdn A.t
VII 441 c | B3C | xsr HA.t m hh.f
VII 442 a 1–2 | B3C | mk N tn i.t(i) ra m sod.wt
VII 442 b | B3C | N tn wa m nTr.w ipw Hr.(y)w gs p.t
VII 442 c–d | B3C | sr n.k N tn im.y-hrw.f
VII 443 a | B3C | hny m nwH.k
VII 443 b | B3C | n-wnt xsf.k
CT1113
VII 443 c 1 | B3C | oA n.k
VII 443 c 2 | B3C | i.a(r) n.k N tn
VII 443 d | B3C | [blank]
VII 443 e | B3C | oA n.k
VII 443 f | B3C | oA.(y)t
VII 444 a | B3C | N tn bw.t aApp
VII 444 b | B3C | Dr rx[.n] N tn psg nzp.w
VII 444 c | B3C | iw mAA{n} N tn
VII 444 d | B3C | psg nzp.w nDm
VII 445 a | B3C | n(n) xsf.(w) N tn Hr ra
CT1114
VII 445 b | B3C | Hr sms.w nw n.t(y) m p.t tw nb.t p.t nb.t
VII 445 c | B3C | ir z nb rx r pn [n.t(y) m]-HA.t aA ir.ww
VII 445 d | B3C | wnn.f im m aA ir.ww
VII 445 e 1 | B3C | i.nD Hr.k ra
VII 445 e 2 | B3C | mA.n N tn nfr.w.k
VII 446 a | B3C | n pH.{T}k [n]bD.(w) ir.yw.k
CT1115
VII 446 b | B3C | mzwr p.t nw n.t(y) zH nTr
VII 446 c | B3C | iw.f mn.(w) m p.t
VII 446 d | B3C | HA.t.f m sD.t pH.wy.f m kk.w
CT1116
VII 447 a | B3C | Xr.(y) mrH.t.s tp.(y)w iHy
VII 447 b | B3C | s.t Ax nw rx ao m sD.t wbA kkw
VII 447 c | B3C | iw.t(y) rx.f pr.t r p.t tw n.t ra Hr sms.w
VII 447 d | B3C | mm Sms.w n ra Hr sms.w m Htp.wt m Ax.t ra Hr sms.w
VII 447 e | B3C | af.tt nw mAa.t n.t ra
VII 448 a | B3C | s.t Ax apr mAa zp 2 iwt(y) mni.n.f D.t
VII 448 b | B3C | n-wnt nTr nb rx.(w).f HA.t.f
VII 448 c | B3C | s.t Ax apr wnn m nTr Ds.f
CT1117
VII 448 d | B3C | ir z nb rx ssDA.t(y)
VII 448 e | B3C | Ax sw im r wsir
VII 449 a | B3C | iw swA.n.f DADA.t nb.t wnn DHwty im.s
VII 449 b | B3C | wnn swt DHwty m DADA.t n.t wsir
VII 449 c | B3C | ir wnn z wr Hr S.f n xp.t r imn.t nfr.t
VII 449 d | B3C | Sdd s(y) z zp 4 m wab.t n.t tp 4
VII 449 e | B3C | xpp.f m fd.nw.f hrw
VII 450 a | B3C | mt.y r x.t nb.t
VII 450 b | B3C | ir swt mr.f rx sanx
VII 450 c | B3C | Sdd.f s(y) ra nb
VII 450 d | B3C | sin.n.f iwf.f m bAd [n id.t] ama.t [Hna Snf.wt] n.(w)t iAz ama
VII 450 e | B3C | [blank]
CT1118
VII 451 a | B3C | Hw.t wsir tA Ax.w
VII 451 b | B3C | stX tA Ax.w
CT1119
VII 451 c | B3C | siw wsir pw
VII 451 d 1–2 | B3C | iw m.w HA.f anx Hr r.f
VII 451 e | B3C | ir Hm wsir ir.y m HA.t sAS a.wy.f n.f stX
VII 451 f | B3C | iw a.t nb.(t) im.f
VII 452 a | B3C | m bw pH.(w).s(n) im
VII 452 b | B3C | Ax a.wt.f iptf n stwt.f
VII 452 c | B3C | i.nD Hr.k wsir Xr(.y) {n} Hw.wt.f i.mn wrD(.w) nbD-ib
VII 452 d 1–3 | B3C | ib.k mn.(w) tm aHA bHn Xnn.w
VII 452 e | B3C | Dd N tn xr.t sAr.t Tr[A]w mds-ib
VII 452 f | B3C | ip N tn n.k wsir ip.n.s Tw
VII 452 g | B3C | wDA os.w n N tn
VII 452 h | B3C | rwd a.wt n.(w)t N tn
CT1120
VII 453 a 1–2 | B3C | aHa N tn Hna wsir aHa.f
VII 453 b | B3C | wsir i n.k bA.k
VII 453 c | B3C | wn Ht.t.k
VII 453 d 1 | B3C | imi wsir n wsir
VII 453 d 2 | B3C | zp 4
VII 453 e | B3C | i n.k TAw.w nDm.(w)
VII 453 f | B3C | wAH A.t.f r tA
VII 453 g | B3C | bT.n.sn nSn Hr.f n nHH
CT1121
VII 453 h | B3C | spA
VII 453 i | B3C | [blank]
VII 453 j | B3C | Akr
VII 454 a | B3C | mn-anx
VII 454 b | B3C | rn n wiA pn
CT1122
VII 454 c | B3C | xm.n.f stX Hr wsir
VII 454 d 1–2 | B3C | aHa Tz.i Tw
VII 454 e 1–2 | B3C | wbA msDr.wy.k d.i n.k wDA.t
CT1123
VII 454 f 1 | B3C | N tn pr im.k
VII 454 f 2 | B3C | imi ir.t Hr n wsir
VII 454 g 1 | B3C | wab ir.t.k
VII 454 g 2 | B3C | Tz anx.k
VII 454 h | B3C | sHtp.n N rdi.n.s
CT1124
VII 455 a | B3C | wab N m dbA.t n.t N tn Ds.s
VII 455 b | B3C | N tn DHwty nb x.t n wsir nb x.t n N tn
VII 455 c | B3C | iw nn n (i)t.s wsir im.y oAA mHn{t}
CT1125
VII 455 d–e | B3C | i.nD Hr.Tn sbx.wt StA.wt rn.w Dsr.wt s.wt
VII 456 a 1–2 | B3C | nHm.Tn N tn m a Hwi sDb nb Dw n sxm.w im.yw bAH.Tn
VII 456 b | B3C | r i.t N tn m-bAH nb r-Dr
VII 456 c | B3C | shr.n.s aHA.wy
VII 456 d | B3C | sar.n N tn nmHy
VII 456 e | B3C | iw.f Hr nkn ir.y r (i)t.f in TbhA smA Ha.w.f
CT1126
VII 457 a | B3C | aApp
VII 457 b | B3C | Tz.f
VII 457 c | B3C | imsti
VII 457 d | B3C | Hp.y
VII 457 e | B3C | dwA-mw.t.f
VII 457 f | B3C | obH-sn.w.f
VII 457 g | B3C | mA-it.f
VII 457 h | B3C | iri.n.f-Ds.f
VII 457 i | B3C | Hnmm.t is.t ra n rx.(w) Tn.w
CT1127
VII 457 j | B3C | Dd-mdw in HkA(.w) sms(.w)
VII 457 k | B3C | iw.k tr r zb.w
VII 457 l | B3C | iw mAA.w-(i)t xr.{t}(w) Hr.k
VII 457 m 1–2 | B3C | i.(w) sTt sw Hr.(y)w pD.wt
VII 457 n | B3C | sxr sw Xr(.y)w abb.wt
CT1128
VII 458 a–d | B3C | [blank]
VII 458 e–h | B3C | Sn.wt im.t HA.t (A)s.t stX Hr
VII 458 i–k | B3C | Sn.wt im.t pH.(w)y Hw siA
VII 458 l | B3C | [blank]
CT1129
VII 458 m | B3C | sp.t mHt.t n.t S nxA
VII 458 n | B3C | niw.(w)t.s n rx.(w) Tnw
VII 459 a | B3C | iw HH n mH HA.s zp 2 m sD.t m tkA
VII 459 b | B3C | i.nD Hr.T mk.t n hh.s ir.t.n sD.t.s Hr.t.s
VII 459 c 1–2 | B3C | nHm.t(w) N tn m a Hw sDb nb Dw
VII 459 d | B3C | n sStA-n-siA.f rn.f
VII 459 e | B3C | xpr.n N tn m iwf.f
VII 459 f | B3C | omA.n.f N tn m a.wt.f
VII 459 g | B3C | nn (i)t n N tn rdi s(y) Hr.s
VII 460 a | B3C | nn pr.t n N tn m Ha.w.s
VII 460 b 1–2 | B3C | Tn.s rn n N tn r st.w n Hr.s
VII 460 c | B3C | sTn.w a.wt n.(w)t N tn r ib.s
VII 460 d | B3C | r nfr.t m Hr n N tn
VII 460 e | B3C | TAr.n sbx.t tn Hr N tn m Ha.w swH.t tn war.t.n N tn im.s
VII 460 f | B3C | in kkw (i)t nw irr sHr Hr sbx.t tn
VII 461 a | B3C | iw ir.n.i HH n mH m mH.i Ds.i
VII 461 b | B3C | m sHr n s.t tn n.t N tn
Source Colophon
Source: The Egyptian Coffin Texts, Vol. 7, edited by Adriaan de Buck (Oriental Institute Publications 87. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961). Egyptian transliterations extracted from the MORTEXVAR database (database.mortexvar.com), a collaborative digital humanities project for the Coffin Texts corpus. Extraction date: 2026-03-26.
Primary manuscript witness: B3C — the large painted coffin from el-Bersha (Tomb of Djehutynakht, ca. 2000 BCE), held at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Additional witnesses as noted by sigla throughout.
The MORTEXVAR transliterations follow de Buck's standard conventions. Curly brackets indicate scribal errors/corrections in the manuscript. Angle brackets indicate editorial additions. Italicized text in the source indicates uncertain readings.
The Book of Two Ways is the earliest illustrated funerary text in ancient Egypt. The painted coffin floor maps the two roads through the Duat, with fire and lake obstacles, gate-guardian demons, and the resting place of Osiris at Rosetau. Whoever knew these formulas could navigate the underworld and join the eternal following of Re.
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