translated and printed by William Caxton, 1490

In June of 1490, William Caxton — England's first printer, then in the last years of his life — finished putting into English a French prose retelling of the story of Aeneas, the "Livre des Eneydes" printed at Lyons in 1483. He called his version Eneydos, dedicated it to the young Prince Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII, and set it before it a prologue that has outlasted the romance it introduces.

In that prologue Caxton confesses a printer's dilemma: some readers had scolded him for using words too curious and strange for common people to understand; others, honest and great clerks, had urged him toward the most curious terms he could find. Caught between plain rudeness and curiosity, he offers the proof that English will not sit still for anyone. Certain merchants, he says, were becalmed on the Thames waiting to sail for Zeeland, and put ashore for food. One of them, a mercer named Sheffield, asked a woman for eggs — and she, understanding no French, understood no English either, for she spoke none of his kind: he asked for "eggys," she knew none, until another man asked for "eyren," and then she understood him well. Loo, Caxton asks, what should a man write in these days — eggys or eyren? — by cause of diversity and change of language. It is the most famous single passage ever written about the instability of English, set down by the one man then standing at the press deciding, word by word, which English would win.

What follows the prologue is the romance itself: not a translation of Virgil's Aeneid but Caxton's rendering of a French prose paraphrase, itself drawing on Boccaccio and other authors, telling Aeneas's flight from Troy, the death of Polydorus, Dido's founding of Carthage and her ruin, and Aeneas's wars in Italy, across sixty-five short chapters, closing with Caxton's own colophon dated the 22nd of June, 1490.

The text below follows the edition of W. T. Culley and F. J. Furnivall, Caxton's Eneydos, 1490, Englisht from the French Liure des Eneydes, 1483 (Early English Text Society, Extra Series LVII, London, 1890), the only modern edition of Caxton's text, checked against the sole surviving family of copies of Caxton's print. This transcription is made from a HathiTrust page-scan of that edition; see the Colophon below for the full account of how the scan was read back into text.

Contents

• Caxton's Prologue
• The French Translator's Prologue
• Chapters 1–65 (listed below by their rubrics in the 1890 Table of Contents)
• Caxton's Colophon

1. How the ryche kynge Pryamus edifyed the grete cyte of troye
2. How the cyte was cruelly sette a fyre & flamme, and how Eneas, armed, bare his fader oute of the same cyte
3. How Eneas sacryfyced to his goddys in the place where Polydorus had be slayn
4. How Eneas, in makynge the forsayd sacryfyce, hewe ye tronke of a tree, oute of the whiche yssued bloode, and how polydorus declared the sygnyfycacyon of the sayd myracle
5. Thobsequyes of Polydorus
6. Here begynneth the historye how dydo departed from her country
7. How dydo arryued in Lybye and buylded and edefyed the cyte of Cartage
8. How a kynge, neyghbour to Cartage, dyd demaunde to wif the fayr dydo, quene of Cartage
9. A comendacyon to dydo
10. How Iuno prayd ye goddes of wyndis that they sholde make torment in thayer
11. How dydo counseled wyth her suster Anne
12. Thansuers of anne to hir suster dydo
13. How Eneas arryued in cartage, and how dydo was esprysed of his loue
14. How the goddes accorded the maryage of Eneas to dydo
15. Of the gret tempest & storme at maryage of theym
16. How yarbas complayned hym to Iubyter, and how Iubyter sent Mercuryus toward Eneas
17. How dydo, knowynge the departyng of Eneas, ranne thorugh the cyte of Cartage as a woman dysperate
18. How dydo sorowfully bewayled the departyng of Eneas
19. How dydo, al in a rage, complayned her to Eneas and to the goddys
20. How dido, wyth grete cursynges, gaaf leue to Eneas
21. How dydo fyl doun in a swone, and how the nauye of Eneas was made redy for ytalye
22. How Eneas brake the ooken tree of the grete loue of dydo
23. Of the wordes of dydo to her suster Anne
24. How dydo prayd her suster to make a grete fyre for to brenn ye harnoys of eneas
25. How dydo made her lamentacyons repreuyng the periurement of laomedon
26. Of ye vysion that eneas had for to depart towarde ytalye
27. How Eneas encyted the patrons & maystres of his shyppes for to departe
28. How dydo slewe hirselfe wyth the swerde of Eneas
29. Of the beaute of dydo
30. How Eneas sayled, and how by tempest he aryued in Secyle
31. How eneas toke ye see for to seke ye regyon of ytalye
32. How kynge Egeus lete falle hym selfe in-to the see for the deth of his sone Theseus
33. How Eneas arryued in ytalye
34. Here it is shewed how many kynges had ben in ytalye, to-fore that Eneas came thyder fyrste
35. How Eneas byganne to bylde his fortresse vpon the ryuer of tonyre
36. How Eneas sente his messagers towarde kynge latyne
37. How kyng latynus made grete Ioye to the messagers of Eneas
38. How kyng latyn sent certayn presentis to eneas
39. How Turnus sente for his folke, for to chace Eneas oute of his lande
40. How Eneas wente to seke socours of the kynge Euander
41. How grete a sorowe was made whan Eneas and Palas departed from palence
42. How Turnus com tofore the caste of Eneas for to assaulte hym
43. How Vysus and Eryalus made theym redy to entre vpon the hoost of Turnus
44. How Vysus and Eryalus entred into the tentis of Turnus hooste
45. How the two felawes loste eche other in the forest
46. How bolcus slewe Eryalus, & how Vysus his felaw slewe bolcus
47. How thassaulte was grete atte gate of the castel
48. How Eneas cam ayen from palence wyth moche folke ayenst Turnus
49. How Eneas fought Turnus for the deth of palas
50. How Eneas smote Merencyus wyth his spere in his thie a grete strooke
51. How Merencyus made grete sorowe whan he sawe his sone deed
52. How Eneas sente the body of Palas in-to the shippe, and sente it to his fader
53. Of the messagers that Turnus had sent to diomedes
54. How kyng latyn counseled for to make peas wyth Eneas
55. How Eneas cam to-fore the cyte of laurence
56. How the quene Camula was slayn in ye bataylle
57. How Turnus cam to ye felde, & his folke wyth hym
58. How the Couenaunt of the batayle was made bytwene Eneas & Turnus
59. How Tholomeus made the batayle to bygynne ayen, grete & horryble
60. How Turnus dyd grete damage to eneas folke
61. How the quene Amatha hanged her selfe by desperacion
62. How Eneas and Turnus fought, body ayenste body, in a felde
63. How Eneas wedded Lauyne, and hadde the royalme of ytalye
64. How kynge Latyne deceassed, and Eneas soone after hym
65. How Ascaunis helde the royalme of ytalye after the deth of Eneas his fader

Caxton's Prologue

AFTER dyuerse werkes made / translated and achieued / hauyng noo werke in hande, I, sittyng in my studye where as laye many dyuerse paunflettis and [4] bookys, happened that to my hande came a lytyl booke in frenshe, whiche late was translated oute of latyn by some noble clerke of fraunce, whiche booke is named Eneydos / made in latyn by that noble poete [8] & grete clerke vyrgyle / whiche booke I sawe ouer and redde therin, How, after the general destruccyon of the grete Troye, Eneas departed, berynge his olde fader anchises vpon his sholdres / his lityl son yolus on [12] his honde, his wyfe wyth moche other people folowynge and how he shypped and departed, wyth ałe thystorye of his aduentures that he had er he cam to the achieuement of his conquest of ytalye, as al a longe [16] shall be shewed in this present boke. In whiche booke I had grete playsyr, by cause of the fayr and honest termes & wordes in frenshe/ whyche I neuer sawe to-fore lyke, ne none so playsaunt ne so wel ordred; [20] whiche booke, as me semed, sholde be moche requysyte to noble men to see, as wel for the eloquence as the historyes / How wel that many honderd yerys passed was the sayd booke of eneydos, wyth other werkes, [24] made and lerned dayly in scolis, specyally in ytalye & other places/whiche historye the sayd vyrgyle made in metre / And whan I had aduysed me in this sayd boke, I delybered and concluded to translate it in-to

englysshe, And forthwyth toke a penne & ynke, and wrote a leef or tweyne / whyche I ouersawe agayn to corecte it And whan I sawe the fayr & straunge termes therin I doubted that it sholde not please [4] some gentylmen whiche late blamed me, sayeng that in my translacyons I had ouer curyous termes whiche coude not be vnderstande of comyn peple / and desired me to vse olde and homely termes in my translacyons. [8] And fayn wolde I satysfye euery man / and so to doo, toke an olde boke and redde therin / and certaynly the englysshe was so rude and brood that I coude not wele vnderstande it. And also my lorde abbot of west- [12] mynster ded do shewe to me late, certayn euydences wryton in olde englysshe, for to reduce it in-to our englysshe now vsid / And certaynly it was wreton in suche wyse that it was more lyke to dutche than [16] englysshe; I coude not reduce ne brynge it to be vnderstonden / And certaynly our langage now vsed aryeth ferre from that whiche was vsed and spoken whan I was borne / For we englysshe men / ben borne [20] vnder the domynacyon of the mone, whiche is neuer stedfaste / but euer wauerynge/ wexynge one season / and waneth & dyscreaseth another season / And that comyn englysshe that is spoken in one shyre varyeth [24] from a nother. In so moche that in my dayes happened that certayn marchauntes were in a shippe in tamyse, for to haue sayled ouer the see into zelande / and for lacke of wynde, thei taryed atte forlond, and [28] wente to lande for to refreshe them; And one of theym named sheffelde, a mercer, cam in-to an hows and axed for mete; and specyally he axyd after eggys; And the goode wyf answerde, that she coude speke no frenshe. [32] And the marchaunt was angry, for he also coude speke no frenshe, but wolde haue hadde egges / and she coude not vnderstode hym not / And thenne at laste a nother sayd that he wolde haue eyren / then the good wyf [36]

sayd that she vnderstod hym wel / Loo, what sholde a man in thyse dayes now wryte, egges or eyren / certaynly it is harde to playse euery man / by cause of [4] dyuersite & chaunge of langage. For in these dayes euery man that is in ony reputacyon in his countre, wyl vtter his commynycacyon and maters in suche maners & termes that fewe men shal vnderstonde [8] theym/And som honest and grete clerkes haue ben wyth me, and desired me to wryte the moste curyous termes that I coude fynde / And thus bytwene playn rude / & curyous, I stande abasshed. But in my Iudgemente [12] / the comyn termes that be dayli vsed, ben lyghter to be vnderstonde than the olde and auncyent englysshe/ And for as moche as this present booke is not for a rude vplondyssh man to laboure therin / ne [16] rede it / but onely for a clerke & a noble gentylman that feleth and vnderstondeth in faytes of armes, in loue, & in noble chyualrye / Therfor in a meane bytwene bothe, I haue reduced & translated this sayd [20] booke in to our englysshe, not ouer rude ne curyous, but in suche termes as shall be vnderstanden, by goddys grace, accordynge to my copye. And yf ony man wyl enter-mete in redyng of hit, and fyndeth suche termes [24] that he can not vnderstande, late hym goo rede and lerne vyrgyl / or the pystles of ouyde / and ther he shall see and vnderstonde lyghtly al / Yf he haue a good redar & enformer / For this booke is not for [28] euery rude and¹ vnconnynge man to see / but to clerkys and very gentylmen that vnderstande gentylnes and scyence ¶ Thenne I praye alle theym that shall rede in this lytyl treatys, to holde me for excused for the [32] translatynge of hit. For I knowleche my selfe ignorant of connynge to enpryse on me so hie and noble a werke / But I praye mayster Iohn Skelton, late created poete laureate in the vnyuersite of oxenforde, to ouersee

and correcte this sayd booke, And taddresse and expowne where as shale be founde faulte to theym that shall requyre it. For hym, I knowe for suffycyent to expowne and englysshe euery dyffyculte that is [4] therin / For he hath late translated the epystlys of Tulle and the boke of dyodorus syculus,² and diuerse other werkes oute of latyn in-to englysshe, not in rude and olde langage, but in polysshed and ornate termes [8] craftely, as he that hath redde vyrgyle / ouyde, tullye, and all the other noble poetes and oratours/ to me vnknowen: And also he hath redde the ix. muses, and vnderstande theyr musicale scyences, and to whom of [12] theym eche scyence is appropred. I suppose he hath dronken of Elycons wel. Then I praye hym, & suche other, to correcte, adde or mynysshe where as he or they shall fynde faulte / For I haue but folowed my [16] copye in frenshe as nygh as me is possyble / And yf ony worde be sayd therin wel / I am glad; and yf otherwyse, I submytte my sayd boke to theyr correctyon / Whiche boke I presente vnto the hye born my [20] tocomynge naturel & souerayn lord, Arthur, by the grace of god, Prynce of Walys, Duc of Cornewayl, & Erle of Chester, fyrst bygoten sone and heyer vnto our most dradde natural & souerayn lorde, & most crysten [24] kynge / Henry the vij. by the grace of god, kynge of Englonde and of Fraunce, & lord of Irelonde/byseching his noble grace to receyue it in thanke of me, his moste humble subget & seruaunt / And I shall praye [28] vnto almyghty god for his prosperous encreasyng in vertue / wysedom / and humanyte, that he may be egal wyth the most renommed of alle his noble progenytours ¶ And so to lyue in this present lyf / that after [32] this transitorye lyfe he and we alle may come to euerlastynge lyf in heuen / Amen:

Notes to the Prologue (Furnivall's collation notes, 1890): ¹ the original print misprints this word "dna." ² "The MS. of this translation [of Diodorus Siculus by John Skelton] is in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. It has long been copied for the Early English Text Society, but still needs an Editor.—F."

The French Translator's Prologue

The English rendering below is Caxton's own; the following short prologue by the unnamed French translator of the "Livre des Eneydes" precedes Caxton's translation of the romance proper.

TO the honour of god almyghty / and to the gloryous vyrgyne Marye, moder of ale grace/ and to the vtylyte & prouffyt of a the policye mondayne, this present booke, com- [4] pyled by virgyle, ryght subtyl and Ingenyous oratour & poete / Intytuled Eneydos, hath be translated oute of latyn in-to comyn langage / In whiche may alle valyaunt prynces and other nobles see many valorous [8] fayttes of armes. And also this present boke is necessarye to ale cytezens & habytaunts in townes and casteHis / for they shal see, How somtyme troye the gtaunte and many other places stronge and inex- [12] pugnable,¹ haue ben be-sieged sharpely & assayled, And also coragyously and valyauntly defended / and the sayd boke is atte this present tyme moche necessarye / for to enstructe smale and grete, for euerych [16] in his ryght / to kepe & defende / For a thynge more noble is to dye / than vylanously to be subdued /

Chapter 1. How the ryche kynge Pryamus edifyed the grete cyte of troye — Capitulo primo

¶ How the ryght puyssant kynge pryamus edyfyed the grete cyte of Troye Capitulum primum. FOr to here/opene / and declare the matere of whiche here-after shaH-be made mencyon / It behoueth to presuppose that Troye, the grete [24] capytał cyte / and thexcelentest of alle the cytees of the countre & regyon of Asye, was constructe and

i

edefyed by the ryght puyssaunt & renomed kyng Pryamus, sone of laomedon, descended of thauncyen stocke of Dardanns [1] by many degrees / whiche was [4] sone of Iubyter & of Electra his wyf, after the fyctions poetyque And the fyrste orygynal begynnynge of the genealogye of kynges. And the sayd Troye was enuyronned [3] in fourme of siege / and of excidyon, by [8] Agamenon, kynge in grece, brother of menelaus / whiche was husbonde to helayne. *The whiche agamenon, assembled and accompanyed wyth many kynges, dukes/ erles and grete quantyte of other princes & grekes [12] innumerable, hadde the magystracyon and vnyuersał gouernaunce of aHe thexcersite and hoost to-fore Troye : Vryng the sayd siege / Pryame habounded in

lygnage of one & other sexe so renommed of beaulte, wysedome, and prudommye / scyence, prowesse, valyaunce, prophecye / and other vertuous proprytees that alle the worlde coude not ynough [20] meruayHe/ How god and fortune hadde emprysed to endowe a mortal man wyth dowayres so hye & vertuous / But the prudence of pryame, knowyng to-fore/ that the aduenements and aduersitees of warre be [24] doubtous, and vnder the honde of fortune / the whiche, after his mutabylite, gyueth vyctorye / To that one encreacynge honour, glorye / tryumphe / and gladnesse/ And to that other she gyueth to be subgette to the [28] face of the ryght blody swerde, in grete effusion of blood & dymunycion of prowesse and of theyr genealogye the mutable captyuyte of theyr prosperyte & PRyame thenne wył teshewe & helpe for thynges doubtous for to come, to that ende that his Royalme shall not departe oute of his honde ne fro his blood / Yf it so happened that he and his

ghyldren were ouerthrowen fro his name by force of swerde or of the siege, Firste he dyd do departe one of his sones named polydorus, the xiiij sone, & fyrste of his name, In hopynge that to hym / his name & [4] vengeance, yf it were nede, sholde be kept. POlidorus thenne was sente wyth a grete multytude

of noble companye, full of yougthe & of stronge corage, wyth rychesse ynough of golde and of syluer / [8] money/tresour *and Iewellis / vnto a kynge named plasmator, kynge of tarce / whiche, enduryng the good fortune, shewed hym right socourable to the sayd kynge pryame / In offerynge hym selfe to socoure hym [12] yf he had nede in alle poyntes, in whiche the sayd pryame wolde require hym. But the prosperous fortune of the kynge pryam torned in-to aduerse. said plasmator chaungyng his wyHe / and ale thamyte [16] whiche longe tyme hadde endured, & promysed to holde to the sayd kynge Pryame, as ye shal here after. The NOw thenne plasmator receyued Polidorus so mag- Now nyfycatly, & wyth soo grete honoure, that by [20] wrytyng it maye not be recyted, ne the thynge descryued / And after whan Pryam was subdued, and putte vnder the sharpe domynacyon of the grekes, In somoche that they had slayne thenne some of the sones [24] of the sayd pryame, and many kynges to hym alyed / And that into the cyte many were wyth-drawen for to gyue to the sayd pryam ayde & comforte, and the sayd troians myserable semed better to lose, and indygent [28] of force, than to haue apparence of vyctoryus glorye. And thys comen to the knowleche of plasmator, thoughte in his mynde, and conspyred the deth of the sayd polydorus / And in fayte, the said plasmator [32] broughte the sayd polydorus vpon the Ryuage of the see, which was sondy / and a place secrete ynough fro the syghte of men / in whiche place the sayd plasmator slewe polydorus wyth a darte whiche he bare. The [36]

whiche, so traytoursly slayn, was by the sayd plasmator Polydore's gold. buryed in the same place wythin the sonde. TVpon Plasmator takes whom was so moche sonde layde / that vpon poly- [4] dorus semed to be a lityl hile or montycle / And ale this was doon by the sayd plasmator, to thende V that his rychesse, whiche was brought to hym for the gouernaunce of ye said polydorus / sholde *abyde wyth [*Bij, back] [8] hym for to accomplyshe his auaryce Insacyable, And syth he sawe that the force and strengthe of the troyians was thenne soo perturbed by the pryckynge of fortune, that it semed to hym / that for the cause of [12] this excessyue occysion/lityl damage and hurte myght come to hym : But ut thenne, whan the noble cyte of Asye was broyHed and brente by the subtyl accyon of the the Greeks. [16] fyre putte in-to it by the grekes, In so grete largenesse, Troy burnt by that for the thicke tenebrosite of the blacke smoke whych the place hadde enbraced and yssued oute, The sterres of the heuen hadde wythholden theyr clere [20] illustracyons, And had no faculte ne power by theyr naturel lyghte to enlumyne the sayd place / And that none eye of ony persone coude perceyue ony thyng / but ale onely by the domageous clereness [24] of the fyre deuourynge the pompe of Troye. ¶ Now was that pyetous cyte somtyme example in alle goode vertues aboue ale other cytees of the worlde, ale brent, and putte in desolacyon suffretous / Abydyng [28] onely one of the yates of the same town, named in theyr langage the yate stex, whiche was made soe maysterly that the Ingenyous subtylte of maistres of masonrye carpentrye / that of all ye countreye of Asie it passed [32] ale other in efforte and strengthe ¶ It was made of soo hye and excelente ouurage:

Chapter 2. How the cyte was cruelly sette a fyre & flamme, And how Eneas, armed, bare his fader oute of the same cyte — Capitulo ij

¶ How the cyte was cruelly sette a fyre, and on a flamm; And how Eneas, armed, bare his fader oute of the same cyte. ¶ capitulo. ijo BY the same yate stex, thenne sette in fyre and flamme, And smokynge the total desolacyon of the sayd plase of Troye, lyke as the goddes and fortune hadde enterprysed to destroye soo arty- [8] fycyat a werke vnto the laste stone and foundemente of so hye a place /* And by horryble and cruel Flight of Aeneas, indygnacyon to throwe doun / destroye, and confounde the pompouse and proude noblenes of thynhabytants [12] of Troye and also theyr possessyons and hauoyr, cyuyles and other And vnder the tenebres and derkenes, departed Eneas, armed clerly at all pieces in the facyon of a cote armour vpon his harnoys / [16] The despoyle of a ryght horryble and moche cruel lyon, Whiche the said Eneas hadde kyHed and slayne. Aeneas carrying And the sayd eneas bare vpon his sholdres his fader Anchises the whiche thenne, by olde age and lyuynge [20] many yeres, his bloode was wexen colde soo moche, that he myghte not walke ne helpe him selfe by moeuynge And thus Anchises, trussed vpon the sholdres of his sone eneas, helde a coffre we rychely [24] adourned wyth many precyous stones in facyon and bore the gods of manere of a shryne, In the whiche were the goddes of Troye, and grete and diuerce relykes / whiche were the thynges / In whiche the famylye of Troye / the people [28] and comynalte of Asie, hadde fixed theyr socoures / and thalegement of theyr anguysshous heuynesses. And Eneas, thus charged wyth his fader whome he bare wyth magnanymyte of courage, as sayd is / [32] brought his sone yolus by the ryght honde / beynge of the age of xij yere, soo fayr and so welle composed, that it maye leefully be sayd that nature

hadde doon her deuoyr, and holpen to the procreacyon of such a fygure for a patrone of mankynde. ¶ What shall I saye more of Anchises and yolus, lyke [4] as sayd isensiewed creusa his wyf, vncuryously Creusa. aourned / Nothyng appertenaunt to thestate Royal / Distress of hir vysage mate by frequente sources of grete teeris / And hir heyr, whiche by manuel artyfyces hadde [8] dyligently be enryched, lete theym hangynge indyfferently and alle rufflyd on alle partyes, wythout ony hope of amendemente / It sholde be an *harde thynge [*Biij, back] to many one, to putte in forgetynge her swete firste [12] lyf, and now her deploracyon / It is a greuous thyng to me to passe ouer so lyghtly the lamentable circumstaunces of her sorowful heuynesses in soo fewe wordis Now here after we shall saye consequently [16] that that comynalte, and confusion of people ale bywepte/noble / vnnoble people, men, wymmen and children fleeynge, ensiwed Eneas, soo berynge his fader as sayd ys. It were a thynge inhumayne to beholde [20] theym wythoute pyte / but yet more pyetous to tele it lyke as it was doon in dede / This companye vnhappy Reflections on yssued oute of a ryght goode and habundaunte place of all thynges concupyssible to thappetyte of theyr [24] desire And so moche incertayne, after this dolourous excyle, in what regyon myghte happen the ende of theyr maleurouse and vnhappy destynees. His noble companye troian, somtyme in reste / and now vacabonde and fugytyf by the feeldes dardanike, came and aryued in a porte of the see named simoys / and there, ryght pencyf, entred into the see, from the Simois. and by troblous reuolucyons of the vnndes or wawes [32] were broughte into the Ile of Anchandron, and passed thorugh the foreste of yde, whiche is in the sayd countrey of troye / And here we shall finysshe to speke of the sorowful and tedyous fleynge of the poure meschaunte [36] and myserable troians / whiche hyder-to hadde folowed

Eneas / Eneas, by force of oores, and of the wawes of the see/arryued in the Royalme and countrey of Trace / lyke as the power of wynde, after the dysposicyon of his destenye, In-to the said place hadde broughte [4] hym. In the whiche place of Trace, Polydorus hadde be been murdered, vylaynously slayn by Plasmator, kynge of the same Regyon of Trace. In this countrey of Trace, Eneas, [8] [*sign. B iiij] whiche hadde *grete tresours of the rychesse of Troye / beganne to edyfye a cyte named Eneade, takynge it of his name. Neuertheles, by cause that Eneas sawe the cyte by him bygonne, come not by the dyligence and [12] operacyon of the werkemen to his perfeccyon / And that the sayd operacyon and dyffycyle werke myghte not in so shorte space of tyme to come to suche auaunsemente and perfectyon / wythoute the dyligence, fauour / [16] and goode wyłe of his goddys / the whiche, thaugh they hadde ben horryble and cruel, and wythoute pyte to the troians to-fore the confusion and vtter dystructyon of theyr noble and honorable cyte / Neverthelesse, [20] in this caas party culer, they shewde theym selfe fauourable ynough/And entendynge to gyue comforte, ayde and counseyl, to thendementes and engynes of the werkmen, whiche the cyte Eneyde bylded and edifyed, [24] And therfor wolde and dysposed Eneas to halowe a daye prefyxed in makynge sacrifyces to his goddis / after the solempnyte in suche a caas by the troians accustumed. And he hym selfe, as prynce and example [28] of his people slewe a white bulle as crystall, to-fore the face of his goddys / And of the bloode that yssued of the same, wyth herte deuoute bysprange¹ ryghte humbly, and by grete loue and ardour of dylection, the [32] hostel vpon the whiche the goddis were sette:

Chapter 3. How Eneas sacryfyced to his goddys in the place where Polydorus had be slayn — Capitulo iij

¶ How Eneas sacryfied to his goddis in the place where Polydorus had be slayn: NOw, perauenture, it happened that Eneas made the celebracyon of the sacrifyce to-fore sayd, in the selfe place / where as Polydorus hadde be slayne and buryed in the sande / by the see syde, By the in- [8] humanyte and wyckednesse of Plasmator / In whiche place there hadde be accumyled, or heped, of sonde a lytyl hyHe or mountycle / vpon whiche by the space [B iiij, back] of tyme/aboute eyghte or ix. yere, were yssued oute of [12] the erthe smalle busshes or lytyH trees, by humydite and hete, depely enroted in the erthe, and vpon the lytyl hylle growen on heyghte, the whiche trees were named in frenshe murtyHers corny Hers. And on the [16] side of the hiHe was an hye plotte, so nyghe that it shadowed by grete space the place where as was made the sayd sacryfyce: Thoo trees apperceyued by Eneas came thider in entencyon to cutte and hewe doun some [20] of the bowes and braunches, for to apparay He / and make fayr the place of his sacrefyce / Lyke as we englysshe Part Caxton: see men doo whan we halowe ony solempnyte in the tyme of somer / In strowynge wyth herbes, and settynge vp [24] of grene trees and bowes, in the chirches and chappeHis the fest & solempnyte there to be halowed

Chapter 4. How Eneas, in makynge the forsayd sacryfyce, hewe ye tronke of a tree, oute of the whiche yssued bloode, And how polydorus declared the sygnyfycacyon of the sayd myracle, and the wyle of the goddys — Capitulo iiij

¶ How Encas, in makynge the forsayd sacrifyce, hewe the troncke of a tree / oute of the whiche yssued bloode: And how Polidorus declared the sygnyficacyon and the maner of the sayd myracle, and the wyle of the goddys. Capitulum iiij

ENeas thenne, by ardeur of grete deuocyon, and for

affection that he hadde humbly to halowe this festyuyte, as sayd is / toke an axe cuttynge on bothe sides, And as I suppose, it was after the facion of a [4] glayue or guysarme / wyth whiche he hewe and smote doun wyth grete myghte those trees, for to arraye and make fayr the sayd aulter. The whiche trees, soo cutte and entamed by the sayd Eneas, yssued oute in an [8] ħabondaunte cours a sourge of blacke bloode droppynge doun to the erthe/ And on the same axe, in manere of [* leaf B 5] grete droppes of bloode; by whiche* shewynge, Eneas was gretly abasshed and dredefuH, merueyHynge what [12] thynge that myghte sygnyfye. And for to haue knowleche of this myracle and of ate the faytte therof, The sayd Eneas knelyd doun on bothe his knees, bi grete humylyacyon of herte and¹ deuoute affectyon, his [16] hondes Ioyned, to-fore the sayd aulter, in makynge requeste vnto the troian goddys and to the goddys of the forestes, that they, by theyr diuyne and ineffable inspyracyon, wolde gyue to hym knowleche of this [20] materyale vysion / The whiche prayer ended, and wythoute hauynge ansuer of the goddys troians by hym adoured and calid on / After, by courage more haultayn, wythoute ony proude thoughte/purposed in [24] hym selfe to arache or plucke vp a gretter tree whiche was there, whiche empesshed and letted hym / by force, vygour and naturale myghte, wythoute socoure of ony instrumente artifycyale. And for to demeane this to [28] effecte Eneas sette thenne one knee vpon the sonde, and that other ayenste the branche growen and comen oute of the lytyH hylle where as was buryed Polydorus / And on that other side he toke the braunches of the [32] pull one tree up so endeavours to sayd tree, and by grete myghte and bodyli strengthe/ enforced his puyssaunce for to arache and plucke vp the same tree. Durynge the whiche efforte, was herde by the roots.

a voys feble, as of a persone ale sorowfule and bywepte/ and nyghe ate fayHed and deed. The whiche sayd, "alas, Eneeas! this is but lytyll prowesse to the, [4] to proue and excersice thy robuste puyssaunce ayenste a body pryued frome his lyf / or vpon a deed corps to take vengeaunce soo Inutyle / And by cause, my ryghte dere brother and my goode frende, I, very sorowful [8] whiche so moche haue loued the whan the lyf was in me, and that the naturel hete of blood humayn comforte my membris, & made theym vegytalle wyth [B5, back] sencyble moeuynges / I swere to the, by the goddis [12] whom thou seruest / & whom thou now in profounde deuocyon hast requyred, that thou cease to trauayHe and poursiwe me deed: For herof I make the certayn / that I am Polydorus, sone of Pryame, kynge of Troye, Tells them who [16] he lyuinge / whiche haue ben by cruel deth and trayson, hers, hidde & couerde vnder holy amyte, putte oute of this worlde by plasmator, kynge of this countree and Regyon For the aueryce Insacyable whiche was in [20] hym, And that had hardynesse to commyse and doo this cryme soo moche deffamed, and full of so excecrable cruelte arrettyd/O cursid and false deceyuable auaryce/ whiche blyndeth the voluntees humayn / and maketh [24] by his subtyl arte the ryche men suffretous and poure; and ferther for to gete rychesse, to commyse cryme and homyside by dampnable treason / And I, Polydorus,¹ ferthermore shewe and manyfeste to the / that the [28] haboundaunce of bloode whiche thou haste seen yssue oute of the trees / which woldeste haue cutte and plucked vp / is not orygynały of thyse trees / but the sayd trees haue taken theyr foundemente and firste [32] begynnynge of theyr rote in my body; and by that moyen is the sayd bloode largely comen, and hath aroused the erthe, and yssued oute of my body, and nowher elis / And for this cause I the exhorte and

councey He/ that thou ne defoyHe nomore thyn hondes wyth my bloode. And holde it by cause of my suster crusa, the whiche was gyuen to the for wyf, of my parentis and frendes, in maryage/

Nd by cause that thou, Eneas, haste bygonne to edyfye and bylde a newe cytee in this Royalme of Trace, in the perfection of the same thour procedyng, hast now, vpon ye grete materyaH foundements, made [8] basteHes of werke & ouuerage maynyfyke: but ye wył of the goddis haue ordeyned and concluded by a counseyl emonge theym selfe, that this lande shall not receyue ne socoure the But shale be chased and [12] fugytyf fro Troye / but bi the sentence irreuocable of by the gods to go theym / is destenyed to the the swete countrey of ytalye, ful of fruytes for there to be releued, And to comforte myserable heuynesse whiche thou haste longe [16] suffred, by cause of thyne exyle / Soo departe thou thenne fro this londe, maculate, and full of fylthe and ordure, by the blody faytte vppon me doon by the false and cruel Plasmator, kynge of thys Regyon / And goo [20] thou in-to the countrey whiche is ordeyned for the and thyne, by the prouidence, benyuolence, and prouysion [10] moche Polydorus hadde opened and declared [24] to Eneas the secrete of his vysions / that eneas was surprysed wyth drede Inestymable, ale in a traunce, And soo abode a longe tyme ynough, lyke a corps wythoute entendemente / And wythoute party- [28] cypacyon of sensityf moeuynge. And for tymorysite, and thyng not acustumed, merueyllous & Insolute, Aeneas is struck as sayd is, his tonge abode & clyued to the palate of his mouuth in suche manere / that durynge the [32] langorous tyme that polidorus tolde this vysion myserable, It was inpossyble to hym to excercyse thoffyce of his tongue to hym destynate by nature / neuertheles, after that nature hadde stablysshed his [36] dumb with astonishment.

Chapter 5. Thobsequyes of Polydorus — Capitulo v

wytte and spyritte, and giuen to eche of theym faculte & power to excersice theyr offyce and wordes / The sayd Eneas ordeyned that the cause¹ of Polydorus, [4] yssued of his bloode and genealogye, sholde be restored and halowed honours funerale / And to his goddis make sacryfyces apperteynynge for to gete the grace of theym / that they might rendre theym selfe [8] benygne, mercyful/ debonayr / and propyce vnto the helthe of polydorus ¶ Thobsequyes of Polidorus. Capitulum V. FOr the obsiquyes funeral of Polydorus to bryng Fto effect, so was the aulter establysshed for to

halowe the sacrifyce / And therupon putte & sette the goddes of troye / which were of colour sangueyn [16] & reed; and eneas, & his felaushyppe chosen by hym alle generally symple, & enuyronned wyth bendes of his whiche enuyronned vnder the throte, mountynge vppe to the temples bytwene their frontes & eres, vnto the toppe of the heed / And vpon theyr hedes they had chapelettis of braunches of cypresse, whiche grewe nygh the montycle or lityl hyHe where as Polydorus [24] was buryed / whiche is a tree sacred and ordeyned to the ende that, by the vehemente odour and swete smette of the same tree, maye surmounte the infecte odour of the caroynes of the dede bodyes / And the Costume of the [28] wymmen of Troye whiche had folowed Eneas whan he departed fro troye, were tofore the sayd aulter with oute apparayH, ne wythoute retchynge ought by theym selfe in ony wyse. For the sayd wymmen were ałe [32] dyssheuelled, or bare the heed, makynge meruelogus synacles, as theyr custume was in that tyme in that countre also, and semed better, wymmen oute of theyr wyttes, than porueyd of countenaunce or constaunce. sacrificers.

Chapter 6. Here begynneth the historye how dydo departed from her country — Capitulo vj

Nor ye consommacion of the said sacrifyce, eneas ordeyned to take many cymphes, that ben vessels ordeyned for to make suche sacrifyce, & ben in maner of lityl bokettis, or lytyl shippes, of a strange stone, & [4] of dyuerse colours / as iaspre, porphire / of whiche som were full of blood of bestis sacrefyed, & other ful of mylke clere & clene / the whiche vessellis, in habundaunce of deuocion, they cam about ye sayd [8] montycle or lityl hiH of polidorus / in recomendyng ye sayd polidorus to the debonnayr clemence and mercyful iustyce of the goddis. THenne Eneas and a his sequele made theym [12]

redy for to accomplysshe & leue the sayd countrey of Trase, by the admonestement of the sayd Polydorus, sone of pryame, kynge of Troye / mounted vpon the see. And was there long and many¹ dayes / [16] Soo thenne we shall leue to speke of Eneas And shale retorne to speke of dydo / And firste to shewe the dyfference of Iohn bochace and of vyrgyle, to and Boccaccio's putte in bryef the falle of the sayd dydo recounted [20] by bochace and after by the sayd virgyle. ¶ Here bigynneth thistorye, how dydo departed from ye countrey. ¶ ca.. vjo

That other daye, in passyng tyme, I redde the fall [24] of noblys of whom Iohn bochace hath spoken, & in brief, y aduentures of fortune harde & dyuersly excecrable & in al destructyue of theyr personis / honoures goodes and chyuaunches; of whom the [28] somme haue ben cause of ther harme & euyl, & of the destruccion of whiche some be yet. and how be it that thei ben pourueyed moche more that it apperteyneth to theym, seen theyr scyence, prowesse, vaiHyantyse or [32] seruyce after thestate & their vocacion, in the whiche eche ought to holde and be content / like as saith

of Noblys. thappostle, wythout doyng grief or ony nuysaunce/ ne to bere dommage, ne myssaye ony other / this notwystondyng, alwaye they be in awayte & delite [4] themselfe to seche often tymes meanes for to grieue, & to saye wordes detractiues / wherof foloweth ye Boccaccio's Fall perdycion of moche peple, & of them selfe in the ende whiche therin haue medeled ¶ And after [8] certayne space I hadde been in beholdynge the pery Hous aduentures / and fortunes ryghte sorowfule / of many kynges, prynces, or knyghtes, and many other I fonde the falle of dydo, somtyme quene and [12] foundresse of the noble cyte of cartage; the whiche in redynge, I was abasshed, and had grete merueylle /\ how bochace, whiche is an auctour so gretly renommed, hath transposed, or atte leste dyuersifyed, the falle His account of [16] and caas otherwyse than vyrgyle hath in his fourth booke of Eneydos / In whiche he hath not rendred the reason or made ony decysion, to approue better the his than that other. And yf ony wolde excuse [20] hym, and saye that he hadde doon hit for better to kepe thonour of wymmen, And wolde not treate ne saye thynge of theym dyshoneste, but that myghte be to theyr auauncemente, ¶ This reason hath noo [24] place: For he hath putte in many places other grete fales, ouermoche infamous, of some quenes and ladyes / and hath not suffyced to hym to speke alte in general, but hath made expresse chapytres / In [28] blamynge the complexions of theym; By the whiche partyculerly he sheweth the dyssolucyons and peruerse condycyons that ben in the sexe femynyne / And for to shewe euydently vpon the sayd caas and falle, the [32] dyfference whiche is of vyrgyle and of bocace, I haue enterprysed to shewe alle a longe the texte of vyrgyle / The causes and occasions of the laste extynctyon, and dolourous deth and despyte of the recommee of dydo, [36] otherwyse callyd or named Elysse or Fenyce ¶ But Dido also called Elysse or Fenyce.

fyrste and to-fore, for better, and to vnderstande the mater, I haue purposed to recyte here the caas / and falle, after the oppynyon of Iohn bocace, whiche sayth as here after shall ensiewe and folowe :-

F In ony maner fayth oughte to be adiousted vnto the wrytynges and dyctes of olde and auncyente cronycles or historyers / Or to theyr letters, cronykes and historyes / Vnneth maye men fynde ony 8. of soo grete langage ¶ And dygne to yeue magnyfycence and somoche deuyne renommee / as to the hye name of Fenyce / whereof the rayson maye be this / how be it that thauctour putte not precysely [12] Letters invented dedycte wythoute texte / by cause that the Fenyces were the fyrst Inuentours of carecteris dyfferencyng that one fro that other, of whiche were fourmed lettres thynges that they desireden to late be knowen to theyr frendis or otherwyse for the conseruacyon of theyr dedes / fayttes, & scyences / to thende that they myghte reduyce in souuenaunce or remembraunce, by [20] thynspection and lecture of theyr wrytyngys, that whiche by lengthe of tyme, & debylyte of entendement, sholde be wythdrawen / Or otherwyse sholde haue be forgoten it, and put in oublyaunce, that the fenyces [24] fonde to note wyth rede colour or ynke firste the sayd of whiche our bokes ben gretely decorate, socoured & made fayr. We wryte the grete and firste capytał lettres of our volumes, bookes and chapytres, [28] wyth the taynture of reed coloure: He name thenne, and Royalme of Fenyce, hath be

moche hiely decored by merueyHous artes / and myryfyke / In ioyouse preysynge and laude wherof, [32] the clerenes and fame of his ouurages hath ben dyuulged & shewed vnto the laste clymate of londes habited wyth lygnage royale ¶ Oute of the whiche Fenyce and prosapye auncyenne / as it is to byleue by [36]

theyr wrytyngys / yssued a kynge named Belus / After the dethe of whome / one his sone, named pygmaleon, succeded hym / And obteyned the Royalme of the [4] Fenyces ¶ He hadde also a daughter named Elysse, whiche afterwarde was named dydo, & was maryed to one named Acerbe / otherwyse called Sychee (his vncle was preest of hercules), honoured wel in the royame of [8] thy*re, and the gretest of alle the countreye after the kyng of the same / This gentylman was moche fayr to byholde / yonge / & playsaunt, of grete reuerence/ryght honorable emonge them of the countre / of [12] grete audacyte / and of name magnyfyque, ryght moche to whom she byloued of Elysse / Thenne his wyf, whiche thenne attached. he loued also moche of fyne loue wythout fayntasie, whiche sone after fayled by his deth anguysshous, [16] wherof thenne it happed after the Iugemente that to hym was fortunat / that he was so bienewrous that he was emonge all other estemed to be most in Ioye & gladnes, consideryng the beaute and bounte of dydo [20] his wyf, And also of grete rychesses of whiche Wealth of Acerbe, otherwyse callyd Sychee, was moche endowed, & hadde preemynence in ryght grete habundaunce: Y the couetyse of whiche goodes & rychesses / pygmalyon, brother of Elysse, and kynge of the Pygmalion countrey, was sore esprysed / For whiche cause the deth was conspyred of the fayr Sychee, the sayd pygmalyon thynkynge in hymselfe to doo slee hym, [28] And by this moyen he sholde attayne to thende of his desire & wy insacyable and ful of couetyse, And soo to hym selfe he sholde ate vsurpe his grete & Innumerable rychesses and lyke as he thought/he [32] dyd / and dyd do slee Acerbe or Sychee / Thenne murders Sychæus for his dydo, his swete & amyable spouse & wyf, bare riches. it moche inpacyentli and sorowfully & in suche anguysshe of herte / that she swowned, syncopysed, [36] & syghed / And oute of her fayr swete eyen/ & Pr

tendre, flowed teeris assyduatly and contynuely, that they better seemed two grete sourges wellynge vp grete affluence of teerys, whiche ranne doun by hir fayr & freshe vysage / And thus the sayd dydo suffred [4] grete payne for the grete and harde syghynges & heuynesses, by cause of ye grete, horri[b]yle / nephande / & *detestable cryme, perpetred and commysed in the persone of sychee, her swete and late amyable husbonde / [8] longe tyme demeaned she suche clamours wythoute ony hope euer otherwyse to lyue; And alwaye she considerynge the causes of the sayd cryme / and the couetyse of her sayd brother pygmalyon / And that [12] many tymes by dremes and other admonestements was ofte tymes incyted and counsey Hed to seche some place sure and secrete / And thenne of thobeyssaunce of the sayd pygmalyon / for the surete of hir persone, [16] she comened wyth the prynces of the same contrey, & specyały wyth the pryncipal whiche hadde be frendes of Sychee, late hir husbonde / and shewed to theym the causes by the whiche she hadde conceyued this [20] grete hate ayenste her brother pygmalyon / whom she drewe to her part and side, and were content to doo ale that whiche by hir sholde be aduysed / for to wythstande the cursed enterpryse of hir sayd broder, [24] whiche had concluded in him selfe, and to-fore thought/ Thenne sone after a wyke, Elysse faynynge that she ne myghte no lenger duette in the hous of Acerbe, late her husbonde, by cause that she was ouermoche moleste [28] and greued by recordynge continuel in rememarbunce pietous of the swete mayntene and semblaunce of the sayd Sychee, her preteryte husbonde, But she incyted, frequented ofte the places in whiche she had firste seen [32] her true frende and loue sichee / And therfore wyth alle the hauoyr and other goodis of the sayd Acerbe that he posseded in his lyfe, ryght gladly she wolde dispose hir self to goo vnto the Royame of fenyce, the [36]

countrey of her nayssaunce and byrthe, vnto pygmalion hir brother/ whiche, whan he herde of it, was moche Ioyous supposynge by that moyen to come to his [4] insacyable and cursyd auaryce for to haue all the rychesses & other goodes [2] to-fore sayd. Forthwyth *the sayd pygmalyon sente vnto his suster dydo a flote of shyppes, well manned and garnysshed, for to brynge fleet. [8] wyth her the goodes and rychesses of the sayd Royame of Thir, in-to fenyce vnto hym / But dydo / by other barate, as she then hadde ordeyned / and that alwaye thoughte to eschewe and gaynstonde the fraude of hir [12] sayd broder, toke and hydde priuely in a certeyn place of hir shippe ate the grete tresours & hauoyrs of hir sayd somtyme husbonde sichee. And in the place where they were, she sette many sackes fuH of [16] brasse & coper, the whiche, ale manyfestely or openly in the presence of ate hir people, whiche supposed thenne / that it hadde ben the tresour of her late husbonde/And dyd it to be taken from thens, and to [20] carye and bere hit to the shippe at euyn, wyth thoo people whiche to-fore is made mencyon / And the messagers of the sayd kynge pygmalyon, whiche were comen to fetche hir / mounted vpon the sayd shyppe the waye oute of the lande, in the hye see, she commaunded to caste oute the sackes of brasse and coper / then throws where they in the ship hadde supposed that it hadde bags. [28] ben the tresours that she broughte wyth her; And that doon, she sayd to theym, wepynge, these incitatyf "Dere felawes and frendes of our nauye / I doubte She addresses [32] nothynge but that ye haue the wyHe for taccomplysshe that whiche I commaunde you / wythoute to aske or wył to knowe ony wyse this whiche ye haue doon / But for to saye & teHe to you the cause whiche haue

moeued me thus to doo, I haue moche lieuer to haue loste ale the richesses of Acerbe, late my frende & husbond, the whiche ye haue now drowned wythin the bely of the see / than I sholde delyuer theym in-to [4] the handes of the ryght cruel kynge Pygmalyon, my brother; for the whiche rychesses to haue¹ of me / after that he hath taken the lyf awaye fro my swete and true husbonde, he hath sente you hider for to [8] brynge me to hym wyth his shippes / And therfore thynke veryli that it behoueth you presenly to doo refuge elsewhere and holde me companye, or els deye / or flee from hym / ye haue [2] knowen ynoughe his grete and cursid [12] auaryce, And how he hath doo slee Acerbe or Syche, my late husbonde, for to haue of him his tresours. Wherfor I doubte not that now, after the rychesses loste, yf we goo to hym / he shall be soo surprysed [16] wyth angre and furyouse woodnes / whan he shal see hym selfe soo deceyued & put fro his entente, that he shall moche sore tormente vs / and at thende put vs to dethe; the whiche, sith that he hath wythdrawen [20] & taken awaye hym / whiche was ale my wele / I shale take it in gree & gladly. But I haue compassyon of you, whiche in this caas haue no culpe ne blame / of the grieuous paynes & myserable tormentes of [24] whiche he shall make you to haue by afflyctyon / And therefore late vs treate by one acorde / yf ye wyłe flee from the countrey of my brother wyth me / and eschewe his gret furour / I shał abandoune my lyf [28] wyth you, my good cytezeyns, whiche be here in dangeour of myserable deth / And offre my selfe to brynge & conducte you in-to some other place of surete, where as we shall lyue more at our ease, in [32] places of Ioyous dwelłynge, wythoute to haue more drede of hym/ne of the grete doubte & fere of his cruel tyrannye"/thus were moeued & attyred by thex-

hortacyon of dydo, & her swete monicyons and pyetous prayers/ale the maronners, of one accorde wyth aHe the other, in the shippe How wel it was to theym [4] moche harde a thynge to habandoune & leue the swete countrey of theyr natiuyte / AHe that notwythstandyng, they accorded & greed to doo al hir wy/ & the prores or forship whiche lay toward the countre [8] of thir, *tourned anone towarde the Royame of Cypre, the preste of Iubyter, wyth his wyf and ale his meyne, vaticynaunte or prophecyeng thynges moche [12] merueyllous, in pronostycacyon righte happy of their fleeynge and voyage; the whiche, wyth his wyf and meynage, wente anone wyth theym, and not knowynge in-to what countrey, for to soiourne and passe forthe [16] theyr yongthe, in some place of peas and of surete for to abide. Also to thende that their name perysshe not wythoute remembraunce for faulte of lygnee / And a while they abode in the countree / whiche were welł [20] pleased wyth theyr conuersacyon, and maryages of theyr doughters to theym, in eschewynge to falle in-to olde age, not socoured wyth children & maynage / whiche sholde yssue of theyr lygnage for tenhabyte [24] the countrey, and maintene theyr name and remembraunce perpetuel/ And in conclusion, they decended from their shippes to the lande, and at the ryuage of the same they toke indede lxx maydens, and anone take on board [28] putte theym in-to their shippes, the whiche, after the custome auncyen of the cypriens thider comen, receyued countreys and nacyons that thider came fro ale [32] partyes / And syth after, made festes and sacryfices to and sacrifice to venus the goddesse. For after durynge their maryage / to be obserued, holden and kepte chaste ale the tyme of theyr lyf, as yf they offred to the sayd venus theyr [36] laste sacrifyces & obsequyes for to goo oute fro hir [70] maidens, Venus.

Chapter 7. How dydo arryued in Lybye, a strange contrey, & bought as moche lande or grounde as she myght conteyne wyth ye space of an hide of an oxe, in whiche she buylded and edefyed the cyte of Cartage — Capitulo vij

subiectyon, and to be from her exempte from thenne forthon : How dydo arryued in Lybye, a straunge countrey, and boughte as moche londe or [4] grounde / as she myghte conteyne wythin the space of the hide of an oxe. in whiche she buylded and edyfied the cyte of Cartage/ Capitulum vij. [8]

Nd from thens departed dydo, wyth ale hir nauye, in passynge the see; and alwaye wythdrawynge fro the sayd londe of fenyce, arryued vpon the Ryuage of affryque for to repayre hir shyppes / [12] And there boughte of thynhabitauntis of the same countrey, as moche lande or grounde / as she myghte enuyronne wyth the hide of an oxe / whiche dyd doo corroye wel, and after dyd doo cutte hit soo in a [16] thonge so smale and longe, that she enuyronned moche more quantyce of the grounde of the sayd countrey than the Inhabytantes seHars supposed sholde euer haue ben. In the sayd place, durynge the tyme that dydo and her [20] felawshyppe, whiche by longe tyme hadde ben in grete trauayHe vpon the see whyche moche hadde greued theym, and throwen theym in mani dyuerse countreys, were thenne vnder the proteccyon and swete reconsily- [24] acyon & rest / they dyd doo repayre theyr nauyre / & sette it wyth/grete peyne, ale in poynte, wyth ale thynges to theym necessarye. Thenne thenhabytauns and theyr neyghbours by / began to treate wyth theym [28] curtoysly, and ofte vysited theym, wythoute to doo to theym ony grief / moleste, or thynge that oughte to dysplease theym / but wyth all gre and frendlynes, Her people and wythoute puttynge on theym lothlynes as straungers. [32] They of the countree byganne to holde parlyamente the natives become friendly. wyth theym, and toke amytyes & alyaunce wyth theym/

& admynystred to theym marchaundyses, and dyd alle other thynges whiche is acustumed to be doon bytwene neyghbours and good frendes: Thenne dydo & hir [4] barons, seeyng the fruytful dysposicyon and bounte of the sayd place, semed to theym that they ought to make an ende of their fuyte or fleeynge and anone elysse or dydo, to theym dyscouerde the fraude that she [8] had don & shewed wherfore she had throwen in-to the see the sackes a-forsayd, ful of brasse & coper / semynge that hit had ben the tresour of Sychee, her late husbonde/whiche thenne she shewed to theym, wherof [12] then they were moche Ioyous, & gretly encoraged wyth goode hope & concluded anone to buylde & edefye a newe cyte there / And caste & toke the foundement [16] gyder / And in soo makyng, they fonde wythin the grounde, in diggyng to make the foundementes, the hed of an horse, whiche gaaf to theym hardynes/courage & destyne to preysinge of the place to be propyce and [20] acceptable, the whiche was thenne purposed to be closed & enuyronned wyth wallis autentyke / And the cyte was named, as some saye, Cartage, by cause that the cyrcuyte of the place was enuyronned wyth the thonge [24] of a skynne or hyde, as to-fore is sayd. And the castel of the toun was named biose, takynge his name Derivation of the of the hide of an oxe / whiche they hof Tir called burse : His cyte in shorte espace, for the commodytees of the same, and situacyon plentyuous, was strongly enhabited wyth moche folke & peple / Of whom dydo Dido is Queen of was lady & quene, and gaaf to theym lawes & manere [32] of lyuynge, and gouernaunce of goode maners & admynystred entiere iustyce to hir subgettis in hir housholde & menaige/she mayntened her ryght honestly / And the purpose of hir holy chastite, she [36] enterteyned & kepte wythoute to breke it / thus thenne

elysse, presidente as quene ouer all the people / cam to hir entente desired & in stede of wepynges, vnmesurable sorowe whiche she had suffrid, & had ben in gret afflyction in Thir, for the nephande deth of hir sayd [4] somtyme husbond / she was in that place, cartage, wel adourned of vertues / wherof thenne hir good fame & renomee florysshyng, shone & resplendysshed merueyllously in the countreys circumiacent & neyghbours, in [8] suche wy*se that they whiche had lyued after the maner of that countree, whiche was all dissonaunt & dishoneste in regarde of that of dydo, toke the guyse / the facons / & the industries of the cartagyons, in [12] leuyng their auncyent customes / whiche anon after vanysshed awaye as thei neuer had be vsed / But this notwythstondynge, fortune inpacyente, whiche maye not suffre the pe[r]sone longe to dwelle prosperous / ne [16] good werkes wythout enuye/sette & imposed vnder the feet of the righte chaste quene, thyng slypper & lubrik, for to make hir to ouerthrowe, & to brynge hir in-to exyle lacrymable fro the place where hir glorye & [20] exaltacion ought to be replenysshed, encreased, & manyfested. for lyke as euery daye the beaulte, chastyte & prudence augmented vnto all nacions straungers ferre & nyghe / and the delectable name of hir cyte grewe [24] & reysed in praysing / A certayn kyng of the musitaynes or momydes, neyghbour to that countrey, was right feruently esprised in ye loue of this quene, thenne beyng wydowe / as sayd is, of hir firste husbonde sychee / [28] and sente to some prynces of that cyte, whom he requyred to haue this quene dydo in maryage / sayenge by grete menaces, yf he had her not that he sholde reduce that cyte into ruyne, & sholde put all the people [32] therof in-to exyle / This thyng, seenge the sayd prynces, & knowyng the ferme purpos permanable, whiche ye quene had to enterteyne hir pudeyque chastyte in perpetual wydowhed / durst not at ye firste manyfeste 36

Chapter 8. How a kynge, neyghbour to Cartage, dyd demaunde to wif the fayr dydo, quene of Cartage, ye whiche, for the loue of her late husbonde, had leuer to slee her selfe than to take the sayd kynge — Capitulo viij

the petycion & desire of the sayd kyng, but by subtyl meanes entendyng to drawe from hir som wordes seruynge to theyr intencion & vpon the whiche they [4] myghte fynde foundement & rayson indycatyf for to moeue therto the sayd dydo / they reported to hir that the kynge, for to lede a lyfe more honeste / demaunded them for to haue some prynce of thyre or thyrayn / for [8] tenstructe hym in doctrynes & good ma*ners & condycyons, to lyue after the manere of theyr countre, whiche to hym semed more honest & aggreable than his owne / whiche for to doo they knew no man con- [12] uenyent & propyce, for so moche that none of the countrey, but yf he were constreyned, wolde leue his owne londe for to goo vnto suche a kynge, that vsed so vyle / terryble & straunge lyf; And alwaye, yf ther [16] wente none to hym / he menaced and thretenyd to make warre & fyght wyth theym, wherof myght falle other aunger & grete peryl to their newe cyte. The whiche prynces, the quene repreued / shewynge to theym that, Dido reproves & to habandoune theyr countrey & lyf accustomed, and to vse suche as beestes sauage doo / as werkes synystres & barbaires / "O right good cytezeyns, yf it happened [24] that one muste deye for the salute & wele of your countrey, be ye not concluded so to doo & suffre / For he is right vnhappy, that for his partyculer wele wył leue ye publike & comyn wele / & contrary wyse, he is [28] blessyd that Ieopardeth hym to the deth for yº comen ¶ How a kyng, neyghbour to cartage, dyde demaunde to wyfe the fayr dydo, quene of¹ Cartage, the whiche, for the loue of hir

late husbond, had lieuer to slee her selfe, than to take the sayd kynge.

Capitulo. viij Nd thenne seeyng the sayd wordes seruynge right [4] wel to theyr purpoos, & to hir preiudyce / Notefyden vnto the quene / how the sayd kyng had requyred her in maryage / and had made to theym the sayd menaces / in caas that they wolde not soo accorde [8] to hym. The whiche knowleche to be achieved in the sentence by her pronounced, And that she her selfe was cause of her perdicyon, byganne moche strongly in flegyble lamentacyon to catte longe by dolour and [12] excessyue sorowe, the swete name of Acerbe hir preterit husbond / But in the ende they hadde determyned, consyderynge that hit myghte be none other wyse, but she muste promyse to make this maryage / [16] the whiche she accorded to theym, and helde for greable And demaunded Induces and space of thre monethes, In whiche tyme she sholde doo her dylygence for to accomplysshe alle theyr wyHes / In [20] this tyme durynge, as it maye be presupposed, yf ony deffence was in the cyte whiche was not sette and ordeyned in couenable fortyfycacyon / She dyde it incontynente to be sette in poynt. And after this, she [24] blamed longe her beaulte, in cursyng it by grete execracyon, wyth the grete enuye that fortune hadde vpon her, and the Ioyous aduentures, and prosperous, whiche were in late tyme comen to her / So that the [28] grete playsaunce whiche she hadde taken with the swete reste of her thoughte/ in whiche that she had repelled thauaryce of hir brother, by her wel happy fleeyng, and her noble cyte edyfied newely / whiche [32] thenné was accomplysshid, & wyth grete people enhabyted, ale subgette and obeyssaunt vnto the lawes

of her seygnorye / thenne conuerted and chaunged into grete anguysshe myserable. After whan the terme of thre monethis approched, the lady whiche was falle ayen in lacrymous and playnynge sorowes whiche she had hadde in tyme passed for the deth of Sychee, her somtyme husbonde, Dyde doo hewe doun and gader to gyder a ryght grete multytude of busshes and woode/ the hieste place of the cyte / and faynynge to mak sacryfyce in the pyetous commemoracyon playsaunte to the pryue goddys for the laste obsequyes of the funeraHe [12] seruyce of Acerbe or Sychee, her sayd husbonde, In payenge the extreme tribute of remembraunce ytera- [ leaf C 5, back] tyue ne other wyse in ony maner the fagottis or woode clouen and broken / toke the swerde in hir [16] honde, & mounted vp ale on hie vpon the woode redy suicide, byholdyng by grete admyracyon what she wold doo, bigan to say: "my ryght good citezeyns, after your [20] ordynaunce I goo to the man ;" that is to saye, that she was disposed to goo and marye her to the kyng fornamed & sodaynly aH attones she lete her selfe falle vpon the poynt of the swerde / whiche termyned & [24] ended in that hour hir lyf. Thenne for the deth, & hir innocente blood whiche maculate & bysprange al theym that stode by, she extyrped a thynges sinystre whiche had mowe torne in preiudyce of the cyte & [28] peple of cartage, for the reffuse of ye same maryage/ yf any wolde haue gaynsayd it / The whiche thyng seenge, they of cartage consideryng the charge soo cruel whiche the sayd sorowful lady had suffred for to kepe [32] hir cyte & the cytezeyns vnhurt & exempt from oppressyons of ye peple barbaryke in whom they were subcombed by cause of the sayd mariage, yf ony had be made maden grete wepynges & right long

Chapter 9. A comendacyon to dydo — Capitulo ix

wayllenges, & other sorowful wordes. Thenne all the peple were concluded & brought to, by cause of the deth of theyr quene dydo / bywayHyng & halowyng funeral exequyes contynuel by many dayes / longe [4] tyme after bi grete wailynges, in pyetous remembraunce of theyr ryght goode quene / whom they całyd from thenne forth on moder of theyr countrey / & enforsed theym to attribute aĦ honours humaynes & deuynes [8] by manere of the cruelte of hir deth / whiche hath broughte thynges welle fortuned to the prosperous lyf of hir cytezyns, was by theym in pyetous commemoracyon recompensed / And after that they hadde ryght [12] affectuously recommaunded her vnto the souerayn goddis, and inferyours / that she myghte be blessyd as longe as cartage sholde abyde inuyncyble / And they shold make temples & aultres dedyed & halowed in hir [16] name / In whiche she sholde be enbraced & honowred as a goddesse. ¶ A comendacyon to dydo: Capitulum ix

the fortytude viryle of wymmen, or loos & pryce [20] of chastyte femynyne, digne & worthi of honour, celebreed & magnyfied in grete loange & preysynge, wythoute ende perpetuel. thou louest, & haste lieuer to submyse to fortune aduenturous of deth cruel, for to [24] kepe thy pudyke chastyte vnhurte, wythoute ony spotte / than to rendre or yelde thy selfe in applycacion of lyf perysshable to dyshonoure, ne to make foul the holy purpose of thy castymonye by thuntrue note of [28] lubryke & slypper luxurye / O quene/ryght venerable, wyth one onely stroke / thou haste wyHed to termyne and fynysshe thy labours mortal/ By whiche thou hast goten fame & renommee eternal of the grete kyng [32] barbaryn / by whom he is repressed fro his lybidynous desire the countrey is in surety, delyuerd from batayHe by thy ryght dolorouse deth, whiche hathe

Dido. in heaven quenched the playsaunt fygure of thy grete beaulte. by thy fruytful deth, & placable to thenhabytants of thy noble cyte, hast desty Hed the blood resplendysshannt Eulogium on [4] yssuynge alle oute of thy breste chast & not corrupte, in tytle flourysshynge of thy loange / preysynge / & good renommee / of whom the spyrite, by thy lyf fynysshed so moche made fair wyth sorow myrifyke, [8] was translated to the sieges & contrees therto ordeyned after thi demerites / To the, thenne, in all affection Prayer to Dido crayntyue, I addresse my thoughte deprecatyue/Yf in ony wyse that haste strengthe or puyssaunce towarde [12] the goddys of hyghe magestye in theyr pryue mansyon, whyche for *the, wylle some thynge doo / that it maye playse the to entende to the correction of the maners lubryke Inconstaunte and euyl, of our matrones and to rendre theym from theyr lacyuyte, in-to pudike / mystike, and shamefaste chastyte and in-to benygne & uery obedyence, so moche that they abyde wyth the / in thy name and [20] fame venerable / The whiche, wythoute ende knowyng eternełły, we maye see by thy merytes thoneste of chaste clennesse maternae to be augmented & growe [24] He whiche caas here presupposed, is in accordaunce ynoughe, whiche speketh of the lygnage and maryage of dydo / Of the deth also perpetred by pygmalyon, kynge of Thir, in the persone of Sychee, [28] firste husbonde of the sayd Elysse or dydo. And after, of her departynge / of the maner of doynge. How after she bare awaye the tresours of her somtyme husbonde Acerbe. and of her comynge in-to Lybye, vpon the [32] ryuage of the see in the place where she byganne firste to edyfye Cartage, And of the fortunes aduenturouse whiche happened in that soo makynge, that byfeHe to her and to theym of theyr companye ¶ But for to [36] shewe the difference that I fynde of the deth of the

syd dydo I shall reherce here after now in a nother maner, whiche is to be presupposed was moeued of the grete hate & euil wyH that Iuno the goddesse conceyued ayenst parys/his frendis, parents & alyes. and by [4] voyage by Juno, cause of ouer sodayn iugement that he made / whan he gaaf thapple to venus, as the moste fayrest of theym aH / & to him holden & moost dere. bycause of whiche hate/whan eneas, sone of venus, & nygh kynnesman [8] of paris wold departe from troye / after the siege of ye same, for to goo into the conquest of the prouynce of ytaly, to hym promysed by the goddis at request of his moder; & Iuno, ye ryght noble *goddesse, wyHynge [12] tempesshe and lette his gooynge / dyd doo całe and assemble yolus and Neptunus, goddis of the wyndes. and of the see, prayenge & exhortynge theym moche swetely, that it myghte playse eche of theym to putte [16] storm to hinder theym in payne, & doo theyr deuoyr, to empesshe the goynge of the sayd enterpryse, and makynge to breke and destroye ałe the nauye, in plongynge vnder the water and pareHys ayenst the roches, for hastely to 20- drowne and destroye aHe the hooste of Enee, the sone of venus, whiche enforced hym to make werre in the goode Royalme of ytalye, whiche was in his desire pryncypały aboue alle other. In whiche thynge soo [24] promising them doynge, she wolde rewarde theym wyth suche guerdons. as apperteyneth to grete and hie goddys to be stypended and shaft doo honoure to theyr frendes / and treate theyr lygnage and veray alyes / and socoure [28] theym wyth ale hir myghte / whiche that the goddys hadde graunted to hir right gladly. And they made theyr preperacyon, eueryche in his regyon / for to warre vpon Eneas: Aeneas's voyage, rewards.

Chapter 10. How Iuno, for tempesshe thoost of eneas whiche wold goo into ytalye, prayd ye goddes of wyndis, that euerych bi him selfe sholde make concussyon & torment in thayer — Capitulo x

¶ How Iuno, for tempesshe thooste of Eneas whiche wolde haue goon in to ytalye / prayd the goddy's of wyndes / that eueryche by hym selfe sholde make con- ENeas thenne sailynge bi the see, was recountred by yolus, whiche smote wythin the sayHes grete assaultes, effortes & batayHes in many maners / And made to come the foure windes to gyder /-one ayenst another, wyth all theyr sequele / Of whom was sur- [12] prysed at the nauye, and terryble troubled ¶ There myghte ye see sayles rente, Cordes and ropes broken, And crampons of yron wrythen a sondre and plucked oute. the shyppes & vassayHes lyfte vppe highe in the [* leaf C 7, back] [16] ayer and after plunged in the see in such wyse that and Neptune. neuer was seen suche a merueyHe / On that other syde cam vpon theym Neptunus wyth all his vorages, & raised by Yolus wawes alle full of scume as a wulfe enraged brayeng [20] in the botome of the see, his grete gule or throte wyde opene/redy to swolowe & to deuoure aHe thooste, cryenge & brayenge vnder the shippes, temppestes horrible of the woode see / oute of whome yssued in-to [24] thayer on hie a clowde, and after decended impetuously vpon the flote, whiche semed somtyme ale to be drowned & couerde wyth water / And anone after, they were lyfte vp on hie wyth the wawes / whiche sodaynly [28] braken & departed / that ate the nauye descended Violence of the nyghe to the bottom of the see / whiche were anone recuyeHed by other wawes, & remysed in a momente vp on highe and separed & transported in-to dyuerse [32] places, And in dyuerse wyses were tormented wythoute hope of socours / Longe tyme dured this storm described.

troublous tormente / whiche caused grete fere & drede vnto the countreys nygh neyghbours, & also ferre of. This assemblee, the whiche after grete losse Anchises is lost & perdicyon, as wel of Anchises, fader of Eneas, as [4] other dyuerse and also fortunes whiche longe be to recyte, passed / The nauye arryued almoste alle tobroken vpon the coste of the see of lybye, nygh the sayd place of Cartage / whiche Elysse dyd doo edyfie / by [8] grete and subtyH moyens, of the whiche I passe ouer / And in descendynge and comynge a lande in to that countrey, was reculed and receyued by dydo, And opteyned her grace for to soiourne for to refresshe alle [12] his people and his nauie ¶ In whiche doynge, he toke grete acqueyntaunce / and ofte repayred vnto the palays/ and wyth the ladyes byhaued him soo queyntli swete and curtoys / plesaunte and amyable, *fayr and [16] The strangers are well byspoken / merueyllous hardy in fayttes / a grete enterpryser, loued of aHe men, & preysed of his oured of Aeneas. people / he was moche noble / and a ryght fayr persone. by cause wherof, dydo toke grete playsir in his con- [20] uersacyon and deuysed wyth him moche gladely / wherof folowed that she was greuously hurte wyth the darte of loue/ And the wounde nourysshed by longe tyme enbraced wyth the swete assemble inuyncible in [24] His beauty and hyr stomacke, considerynge the grete vertues of whiche his persone was decorate/ his noblenes & honour of the peple of Troye his grete beaulte & swete langage / whiche she enprynted in her remembraunce / [28] that her membres refuseden the swete reste of slepe / And kepte this thoughte in her selfe by ryght longe tyme, in suche a wyse / that in a mornynge / after that the lyghte of the daye rebouted & putte a backe the [32] shadowe of the nyghte aboute the lampe / and the sonne rysen for to shyne on the erthe,

Chapter 11. How dydo counseled wyth her suster Anne — Capitulo xj

¶ How dydo counseyHid wyth hir suster Capitulum xj anne: His lady bythoughte herselfe, and purposed to dys- 4T coure and many feste her faytte vnto one hir suster, whiche was named in that tyme Anne, sayenge to hir in this manere/"Anne, my suster and frende, I am in ryght gret thoughte strongely troubled and incyted/ [8] by dremes admonested, whiche excyte my courage tenquire the maners & lygnage of this man thus valyaunt/ strong / & puyssaunt / whiche deliteth hym strongly to speke in deuysing the hie fayttes of [12] armes & perillys daungerous whiche he sayth to haue passed/ne-weli hither comyn to soiourne in our countreys. I am so persuaded of grete admonestments that all my entendement is obfusked / enduHyd and [16] rauysshed / I byleue certaynly that the man of whome I speke to you ys nyghe kynne and parent of ye goddis / or that verytable by one comyn assentmente they haue assembled theym selfe to destyne his berthe [ leaf C 8, back] [20] in delyuerynge and gyuyng to hym alone alle the highe vertuouse yeftes, whiche nature hath of custume partyculerly to yeue to dyuerse creatures / and maye be supposed that she hathe produced hym in excellent [24] dygnyte, for to make one fayer chief werke / to thexemplayre of ale other / For they whiche ben borne of basse parentage, ben ouer moche ferdeful & couuerte in theyr fayttes / and drede theym fleynge, [28] and kepe theym oute of the palayces & courtes of grete lordes / And yf it happen theym to entre, anone they retourne or hide theym in corners vnder the tapytes, or byhinde the grete fote of the yate, for to yssue and goo [32] oute first wythoute makyng ony bruyt or medlynge, ne seche nothyng but thyssue for to flee, yf there were ony medlee ne neuer by theym was there ony valyannce proued, as it is sayd / But god forbede that

it may be sayd of Eneas, that fortune, vaynquyssheur of grete batayHes, comynge to the chief of ale enterpryses, to haue reproche by ony of our sayd wordes / For yf it [¹ for if that it] that¹ ne were that I haue purposed fermely in my [4] courage to abyde and be in wydowhede aHe the tyme of my lyf / after the deth dolourouse & cursid of my somtyme husbonde Sychee, whiche bare awaye my firste loue wyth hym / whan he was leyde vnder [8] therthe, by thenuyous remors & greuous remembraunce of my passed maryage, wherin I haue had so many goodes of honour and curtosie, of whome the remembraunce sleeth me & scourgeth me alway / I sholde [12] lyghtly haue consented to thallyaunce of this man. Anne, I confesse for trouth that, sith the myserable deth of Sycheus, & wycked to saye, commysed in the hous of my broder / of whiche the goddys be alłe [16] maculate / This man onely hath molyfyed my wyttes, and perturbed the corage of myn opynyon firste, and hathe *reduced to remembraunce the delycyouse traces of myn auncyent loue. But not for that / I desire and [20] wysshe that erste thabysme of thobscure erthe swolowe me or the grete fader almygħty to plonge and submerge me vnder the botomes of the depe palusshe infernale, rather than to my pudyque chastyte sholde [24] be doon by me ony wronge ne vyolence / nor that thy ryght I sholde contrarye nor breke, for no thynge that euer can happe to me by no maner wyse in thys worlde/ Alas, he that me spoused firste / hath my loue entierly [28] wyth hym / wherof inreuocable a yefte I doo make to hym; soo byseche I hym to kepe hit wele wythin his graue vnder the colde marbyl stone, and not to be separed from his soule." This requeste, sighynge, made [32] she to hym and tendrely wepynge, called ayen the olde sorowe, whiche smote, and wounded her to the herte, so moche that the bosome of that sorowful lady was entyerly Replenysshed ale wyth teeres:

Chapter 12. Thansuers of anne to hir suster dydo — Capitulo xij

¶Thansuer of Anne to hir suster dydo Capitulum xij Han Anne, her benygne suster / hauynge pyte of Thursorowe, consideringe the waye salutary to Amma encourages Dido's love for reuerte soone her sorow in-to gladnesse / sayd to hir in Aeneas, and this manere. "O suster, more loued of me than the lyghte iHumyned wyth grete bryghtnes / How haste [8] thou determyned to lyue alone, consumyng thyn yongthe in perpetual heuynesse? Remembre the of the swete dysportynges. the grete consolacions and Ioyful playsures wherby the children reioyisshen their [12] moders/ the swete kysshynges and the fayr pase-tyme that they take therat / Also the ioye and consolacyon that the men do on-to theyr swete spouses. putte awaye this sorowe / thees lamentacyons, thees grete sighynges [16] and sorowful teeres; take ayen corage, and make thy selfe ferme wyth hope / Troweste thou that the bones of Sycheus, or his tombe / the shadowe of his soule. [*sign. Dj back] take peyne, or care, to kepe thy loue / thynke it not no- [20] more than the sperke yssuyng oute of the fyre wyth the smoke / whiche is soone reduced and brought to nough!e, wythout to haue ony vygoure more, ne other puyssaunte, to make fyre, lyghte, nor flamme / Lyke [24] wyse whan the soule of Sycheus was oute of the body, and from hym separed / ale his werkes and wordly voluptees were extyncted and broughte to nought / Nor wyth hym remayneth nother free arbytre or wyHe of [28] goode or euyH/ care ne solycytude of thy loue / And yf thou wylte lyue in sorowe & heuynesse, or that otherwyse were that thou dydeste marye and woldeste vse thy dayes in maryage, ale is to hym as [32] ryght noughte/ and no thyng there nys that coude lette hym, or doo hym ony socours / but onely the

meryttes of the werkes by hym made, conuersynge in this worlde Nor noughte for somoche, that thou makest całynges, complayntes, shighynges / and lamentacyons full of reuthes noyous, vpon a dampnable mynde [4] and folysshe remembraunce of thynges that ben inpossyble. thou canste not drawe nor brynge oute of the infernale mansions the soules of whome the shadowes, or otherwyse the asshes / ben wythin the tombes [8] separed from the bones, for to reuyue and putte hem ayen in-to the bodyes longe syn destroyed & conuerted If no other king in-to poulder / Syth that it is so / and also of that other side, that neuer man, how grete a lorde that he [12] were, kynge Yarbas, pygmalyon of thyre / they of libye many other of Affryque, the ryche countrey that noryssheth soo many prynces/myghte neuer moeue thy courage to be byloued of the, And that to this man [16] whiche is so moche renommed / preu and valyaunt, thy wytte is enclyned in swete loue, wythoute ony contraryete of free wyHe that ther vnto admonesteth the, wyH thou commytte & * vndresette thy lyberal [20] arbytre to thynges Impossyble, Repulsynge ayenst the incitacyons moeued by natureH dylection, whiche commen of thy self, with out ony othre induction? Hast thou proposed to moeue werre ayenst thy persone / [24] gaynsayng thyn owne wiłłe / inclined to the loue desyred / In plaisaunt Remembraunce of suche a prince puyssaunt, dygne of this meryte / Haue in mynde and recordaunce the setuacyon of thy cyte, newely fowunded [28] in this lande emong the most cruel folke of the worlde. thou hast at the one syde the citees and the people getules/whiche ben folke insuperable, Ryght daunger- Then her defenceouse in batayHes, and inuyncible in armes / atte the [32] less situation, other syde ben the myrondes, that are folke without Rule and without mesure / And than the Cirte regyon and the deserte countrey, whiche is at inhabited by defawte of folkes fllodes or ryuers that shulde tempre [36]

the erthe that is all drye, and as ded for thurst / After, is the people of Barches, aH furiouse and vagaunt In her dangerous neighbours. the countrees, Hauynge noo certaine mansyon to dwełe [4] Inne / And more, there is the Region of thire, wherfrom we haue wythdrawen and brought furtyuely all this people that we haue / Whiche shall mowe of lyght aryse, and make werre ayenst the, with the helpe of thy [8] germayn Pygmalyon, whiche the wolde haue frustred of the grete tresours & Rychesses that he awayteth to haue of thy somtyme husbande Sychee / Thynke in thy self, who shale mowe the deffende, a woman ałł [12] alone / ayenst somoche folke, without eny other helpe of somm prynce puyssaunt? In certayne I byleue truly that the goddes in their destynacyes haue fauourisshed the wel with Iuno, ye grete goddesse, for to [16] transporte in-to this regyon ye ryche nauye of troye / thynke, my suster, what shalbe of thy cyte, & in what domynacion *puyssaunte shale thy Royame be, by the alyaunce of one soo grete a maryage / Consyderynge [20] the glorye and honour of Cartage, whan she shałłe be Ioyned wyth the troians / and by theym defended/ Where is he that shale be soo myghty for to vndertake to make warre ayenste the, thus alyed / take [24] agayne courage, ryght welbyloued suster, & putte oute of thy remembraunce ye fortunes passed / crye mercy vnto the goddis, yf by ony wyse afore this thou hast offended theym / prayng theym that it wolde playse [28] theym to be vnto yº¹ fauorable to the perfourmyng of this alyaunce/atyse & drawe theym by sacrifyces / Requestes & oblacyons of herte contryte, & carefuH thoughte; & be desirous to serue theym, all thynges [32] layde a side, in that / whiche thou shalte mowe knowe vnto theym aggreable. Aduyse for to fynde the meanes to make Eneas to abyde / deuysynge vnto hym, and persuade that he oughte to doo soo / Seynge and considerynge stay.

Chapter 13. How Eneas, after grete fortunes of the see, arryued in cartage. And how dydo, for his swete behauoir & fayr spekyng, was esprysed of his loue — Capitulo xiij

the wynter that is alle dystem pred, the grete orages, Anna shows Dido the sygne of Oryon that rendreth the watres to be. proude and crueHe/ Also the shippes that ben alle crased of the grete tornementes that haue hurte theym [4] here by fore, saylyng in the see, The influences of the heuens so spyteful/ & dyuerse contradyction moeuable, one apposite ayenst another, causynge dyuersite perturbatyffe in the lowe elementes / whiche myghte be [8] cause of his destruction, yf he vndertoke ony vyage atte this tyme, passinge the see from one lande to a nother / By these Raysons, and other that by the desirous affectyon of thy wyHe shale be vnto the aduysed and [12] shewed, to the perfectyon of thys thynge, thou shalte mowe peruerte the oppynyon of Eneas for to seiourne in this countrey, that byfore was ałe determyned for to goo." The whiche *thynges, & other persuasions [16] seruynge to the mater whiche enflamed the corage of Elysse, esprysed wyth brennyng loue towarde Enee / vow of celibacy. gaue a stedfast hope to her sorowful thoughte, leuynge by dyspense abstractyue / her first vowes of chastyte [20] promysed/ Ceres, Juno, &c. How Eneas, aftre grete fortunys of the see, arryued in cartage; And How dydo, for his swete behauoure and fayre [24] spekynge, was esprised of his loue. Capitulo / xiij. Othe togidre of one assente, wente the two sustres ¹ we te tyles, where [28] bifore the aulters thei offred sacrifices with grete supplycacyons and prayers/ and slewe sheep weders for to doo sacrefyces destynated vnto the noble goddesse Ceres, to Appolyn, and to Bachus / and specyally vnto [32] Juno, the goddesse of wedlocke / whiche is lady / mas-

tresse, and wardeyne, of the connexes or bondes aminicules to whome they offred in pacifique Immolacion a white cowe, by-twix the hornes of the whiche / Dydo, [4] by grete deuocyon, shedde the fyole fue of the holi libacion / makynge the consecracion ouer the sacryfyce, there dedied and doon in diuerse wise, by solemnyte meruey House, aftre the custome that was vsed at that [8] tyme / Dydo wyth her suster Anne¹ went In to the temples and symulacres, knelynge before the awters, makynge Requestes and prayers, and aftre loked In to the entraylles Interiores of the bestes there slayne / sechynge aftre the moeuynge of them / the comynge of the future maryage / But what ouerserche nedeth more to be enquered / wherof thys folysshe thoughte [16] cometh to the woman thus a-tysed wyth *the swete flamme of loue esprised in-to the mary and synewes, whiche inseparably goeth thrughe the bones, as depe as the veray hertys roote / To goo sekyng wythyn the [20] symulacres the consentynge of lygħt whyche is alredy determyned for to be accomplysshed. Thys lady hathe norysshed pryuely in her thoughte the wounde of ambycyouse desyre / whyche is so procured that she [24] can not hyde it noo lenger / She is graffed and myserably sette wauynge and tournynge here and there wythin her cyte, embrassed and take wyth loue insacyable in contynueHe thoughte / As a personne [28] furyouse, lyke as an hynde that is rought to the herte wyth an arowe / goeth rennynge by the forestes and mountaynes / Thynkyng vpon her sore onely / wythoute to conceyue ne comprehende the wele of her [32] abydynge Aftre, wyth Eneas goeth thys lady deuysynge thrughe the towne, to shewe hym the grete rychesses that she hath broughte from the partyes of Thyre, asketh hym his aduyse of the edyfyces of

Dido strives to entertain Aeneas Cartage, cheryssheth and enterteyneth hym to her power in alle thynges that she thynketh to be playsaunt in every way she and agreable vnto hym / and atte last, she yet spekynge, her speche deffayHeth aHe sodeyuly, and can not kepe [4] purpos ne countenaunce, as a persone transported from her vndrestandynge, and ouertake wyth oure grete loue Of it that other parte, she doeth make grete appareyHes for to feeste Eneas rygħte highely in [8] dyuersities of metes entermedled wyth some Ioyous dysportes, playsaunte, and in syghte aggreable. After she taketh a delectacyon in his talkynge playsaunte / requyrynge hym that, for her loue / he wyHe recounte [12] some grete fayttes or other aduentures that he hath seen in hys tyme in the werre of Troye; And taketh her Ioye and consolacyon in his swete wordes and drawynge that atysen and enterteyne her in a con- [16] tynuaHe thoughte towarde hym / Soo that after theyr departynge from eche other, that tyme the mone obscure comynge in his ordre / supprymeth the lyghte of the sonne, and the sterres launchynge theyr bryghte spark- [20] eles, excyte the appetyte of slepe / The lady that alone entreth to her chaumbre / tryste and pencyfule, leuynge her bedde reste, syttynge vpon tapysserye werke or other parte, ale solitarye and desolate, as [24] a thynge habandouned / Desirynge the presence of Eneas by Imagynacyon impraynted wyth-in the fauntasme of her entendemente, Her semeth that she seeth hym there presente, heringe after his wordes [28] playsaunte And deuysynge wyth hym/ and there she passeth ouer a parte of the nyghte in suche medytacyons and contynue thoughtes. ¶ And emonge, she taketh in her lappe Ascanyus, [32] the sone of Eneas, otherwyse całyd Yolus, and holdeth hym bytwyxe her armes / byholdeth / kysseth and colleth hym, Considerynge the beaultye and grete delectacyon of the fadre, In whiche she is rauysshed 36

Chapter 14. How the goddes accorded the maryage of Eneas to dydo — Capitulo xiiij

by the representynge of his sone: And no thynge/ there ys soo gretely greuable, but that it is aHe ynoughe facyHe vnto her to be experymented for the entre- [4] teyngnge of her loue, wherinne she myghte be deceyued to eschew alle thynges that in this caas myghte be nocible and contrarye to her :

back] Nd for by cause of the whiche forsayd occupacyon [* sign. D iiij, or contynueHe thoughte wherinne she is Inex plycable occupyed, as transported and rauysshed, AHe the werkes and doynges of Dydo are tarved, and lefte everything; [12] in the astate of Inperfection. The werkes of the grete and neglects yates/toures, and othre edyfyces that were begonne stopped, defenceless, more werkyng, ale Imperfyt: the exercyse of armes is [16] dyscontynued; the noble men were robuste and rude, wythout exersice of fayttes of werre; The brydges the city left poortes and passages ben lefte wythoute warde / And the deffences ben voyde and¹ emptye wythoute entre- [20] teynynge/redy to receyue the enmyes wythoute ony contradyctyon: AHe werkes ceassen and appyeren interrupte for defaulte of conductours / The stones of the walles that are bygonne, whiche appyeren alle [24] awry sette, croked, bowed, and counterfette / by cause thei be not fully made and polisshed. Shewynge theyr teeth to threte and byte in to the other stonys redy to be masonned/whiche oughte to haue be contynued and [28] Loyned, to perfourme the enterprise thus lefte as alle tocutte and perysshed. The grasse groweth faste, and roteth on theyr heddes / theyr teeth ben spredde wyth mosse a to-tourne/ rusty and fulle of lothlinesse. [32] The grete edyfyces are lefte vncouered in dyuerse places / And shortely, alle falleth in-to ruyne, by cause of her grete furoure. ¶ But Iuno, the noble goddesse, wedded wyff and

spouse of Iubyter, seeynge that the goode renomme of Elysse myghte notte contryste ayenste her grete desire embrasid wyth the swete flamme of loue / Considerynge also that the goodely and grete chere of Dydo myghte [4] be cause¹ to make Eneas to abyde in Cartage / wythoute to passe eny ferther towarde ytalye / wolde speke to the goddesse Venus for to doo conuencyon of Eneas wyth the sayd Dydo / and thenne byganne to saye [8] vnto her, by a maner of derysion, the wordes herinne wrytten / "Certes, Venus, thou and thy sone Cupydo are gretely to be praysed, and ye shall doo a grete conqueste, whereof ye shall be hadde in perpetueH [12] renommeeyf a woman myghte be by you two vaynquysshed, wherof the motyue that hath attysed you to that & the cause whi ye haue ynoughe induced elysse to condescende to the loue of eneas, ys, [16] to my semyng, come for the drede that ye haue of the tyrauntes, and of theym of affryque / & also of theym of the highe wales of our cytee of cartage For the wyhyche drede to pease, ye wył doo alyaunce wyth [20] marriage of Dido theym by meanes of the maryage of dydo wyth eneas, whiche thynge myght be broughte to effecte / so that ye wyH be fauorable and gracyous towarde eneas, wythoute to bere hym fro hens forthe eny moleste or [24] lettynge / And for alle debates to accorde and pease / and to brynge alle noyes atte an ende, I gyue myn assente to a peas eternaHe, for the constructyon and makynge of the sayd maryage as ye doo desire; to the [28] whiche shale mowe dydo eassyly acorde durynge this that the grete furour enflammed wyth brennyng desire of loue esprysed wythin her sinewes / perse ye bones of her presently; & thenne, of one comyn assent, [32] and give the two we, Iuno and venus, goddesses, shał haue aH the domynacyon & gouermente entierly of thise two peoples / that is to wytte, of the troians, in soo moche as toucheth

theym of Eneas, that shalle be taken in dowayr to Dydo comyn *wyth Elysse, shale thenne be subgette vnto [4] Enee, the whiche we shale Ioyne togydre; And of theym two, we shale make ałe one people / Whereof Cartage shatte be peopled, and also the countrey:" He whiche thynges thus sayd / Venus, that doubted leest Iuno wolde accorde the forsayd maryage, to the entente that Eneas sholde abyde in Cartage for this cause, and sholde leue the enterpryse by hym made, to goo and conquere the royalme of Ytalye / that Iuno [12] sayd that she hadde in her gouernaunce was well gladde, feynynge to vnderstonde otherwyse the entencyon of the sayd Iuno, wheronto she purueyd weHe afterwarde; And aunsuerde vnto her, sayenge / "he that [16] wolde gaynsaye this alyaunce / and wyth the, Iuno, to stryue, for to lette thy deliberacyon/sholde well be oute of his wytte. Yf thou woldeste accomplysshe by effecte, this that thou maynteneste be thy wordes / but [20] I am not wet certayne / yf Iubyter, the puyssante god that hath the dysposicyons of alle thynges in his hande shale be contente that the tyryns and the troians shale people in comyn this cyte of Cartage [24] wythoute some deuysion; And also yf our maryage and alyaunce for to speke, shale be vnto hym aggreable / And by cause thenne, that vnto the, Iuno, that arte his wyffe and felawe, apperteyneth more better than to [28] ony other to knowe of hym hys playsure, Thou shalte vndertake this charge, yf hit playse the to goo wythout taryeng, and I shaH folowe the all of nyghe /" Wherof Juno undertakes Iuno, takynge in hande the conduytte of this werke / [32] was wel content / & sayd in this manere: "*syth that I haue taken the charg of this werke, I wol teHe and shewe clerly howe the thynge shałe mowe be broughte to manage the aboute. Eneas, and dydo sore taken wyth his loue, haue [36] purposed for to goo chasse and hunte the wilde bestes, matter. E 2

Chapter 15. Of the gret tempest & storme at maryage of theym — Capitulo xv

incontynent that the sonne, makynge to morowe hys rysynge, shal haue transmysed hys shynynge bemes for to IHustre clere ate the erthe/ And whan they shal be to the vttir-moost of the game, weHe chaffed aftre the [4] bestes, I shale sodaynly make the ayer to wexe obscure, and ate blacke replenysshed with hayle / rayne, and horryble tempeste by the ayer, and by the erthe wyndes Juno will raise a and grete orages / I shaH girde ale the heuens wyth [8] tourmentes that shale rayne the countrey ouer ryghte Impetuously, so that aHe the ayer shale seme to be couered wyth the nyght fute blak and obscure / Thenne [12] shale ale the hunters flee awaye, and othre, fro the sayde chasshe, wyth so grete haste that they shale not wene to fynde sone ynoughe a place for to be in sauete / And by thys manere I shale doo that the duke Eneas [16] meet together in and Dydo fleynge the wedrynge, shale rendre hemself bothe togydre alte alone, as by veraye destynacye, and by rencountre of aduenture, vnder a grete hyHe, withyn a caue atte the ende of the forest / And there they [20] shale fynde me, Iuno, that am lady of the maryages, and doo couple them two wyth my sone hyemen, whiche is named the god of weddynge / And / therfore, yf I wyst that thou, venus, were not of accorde fo[r] the [24] maryag of eneas to dydo, I shulde make hym fyrst to departe wythout eny respyte /" Of the grete tempest and storme² atte maryage of theym/ "V Capitulo Decimoquinto Enus was thenne weHe contente, wythoute ony contradyctyon / and byganne to laughe strongly of the perfytte begylynge that Iuno hade fonnde soo [32] laughs at Juno's soone for to accomplysshe this maryage / Wherof she 1() for choruscacyons

had not been was syn after wele deceyued, by cause that she made it to couertely and close, wythoute testymonage and wythoute the knowleche of Iubyter : The whiche [4] enterprise thus made / after that the sprynge of the daye and the poynte of the sonne hadde putte awaye the nyghte tenebrose, the brackener hadde dystourned the herte in to his busshe, and caste his trayne / The [8] hunters wyHe that men spredde and sette the deffences, putte theym in grete appareyHe for to goo to the woode/ Preparations for where as sholde be the chasse / Assembled theyr rennynge houndes, two and two togyder / and chose theym [12] one from the other, for to assorte theym beste in the pathes; Some wyth the brakkenere, for to be atte the reysynge of the beeest, for to renne after; The other [16] entermedle and redresse theyr brackes, retches, and bloode houndes, for to take the beste better wyth force. Toke theyr staues, and theyr hornes, and other thynges necessarye for to full make and accomplysshe the better [20] a fayr dysporte in huntynge, behouynge to a chasse royale ¶ And after, of a nother parte, the barons, the knyghtes and esquyers of the noble quene Dydo, dyde putte theym in araye, and came there to the palayse [24] ale redy, waytynge that she sholde come oute for to mounte vpon her fayr palfrey, whiche, wyth other for her ladyes and genty women, was in the courte ale preste, appareylled and couered wyth a grete cloth of [28] purpre, gnawyng his bytte garnysshed wyth botones of golde, *aHe charged wyth the scume of the horse. And soone yssued oute the lady, moche nobly accompanyed, that hadde a grete mauntele of veluet cramoysin, pour- [32] fyHed rounde aboute wyth brawdrye, moche enryched wyth precyous stones, after the custome and manere of that tyme/ Her herys bounden wyth thredes of golde/ and her ryche gyrdeH, that appyered moche precyous, [36] aHe a-boue her raymentes / She hadde also a fayr

Yolus is there, also his father tarcays, couered wyth fyne cloth of damaske, ale fuHe of arowes and therwythale the bowe for to shoote to the wylde beestes, and otherwyse atte her playsaunce. Thus appoynted/she mounted on horsebacke for to [4] goo to the sayd chasse, wyth hir barons, knyghtes, and her genty women and also the lytyHe Yolus or ascanyus, that hadde putte hym selfe in poynte for to conduytte the quene wyth his fadre Eneas / the whiche, [8] wyth a ryght grete and fayer companye ridynge afore the lady, appyered aboue at the other, wythout ony comparyson, the moste fayre / Lyke as the beaulte of the god Appollo, that is, the sonne, doeth appyere and [12] shewe vpon the flode of Exanco, whan he cometh in wynter in-to the cyte of Pathere in lycye / to gyue his aunsweres,¹ and kepe the courte of his grete godhede / And fro thens, whan the syx monethes of the wynter [16] ben passed / and that he wyHe retourne in to the Isle of Delon, for to make semblable his aunsuers duryng the syx monethes of the somer, the places partyculer of Crete, as Agatyrse and Dryopes, doo ryse and goo [20] as well as of his ayenste hym / for to see his grete beaulte / whan he, comynge, casteth his bemes vpon costes and mountaynes of the countrey in manere of golden heres descendynge * leaf D 7, back] from his hed, and as the lighte of torches * sparklynge, [24] weł enflammed, wherby ale thynges renewen them at his commynge, as the trees that to theym maken garlandes of leues grene / the erthe taketh a newe cote ful subtyly weued aftre ye werke of fyn gras, powdred [28] with floures of a hundred thousande maners of colours/ The byrdes renewen theyre swete songe gracyouse / The bestes becomen fyers, and of proude manere ; The ayer purifyeth and clenseth hym selfe for to receyue the [32] Impress yons of influences of this god Apollo, to his newe commyng, whiche is so fayre and sore desyred of all thynges/Lyke wyse in ate excelence surmounted

in beauty. the yonge yolus aH the other that were in ye ladies felauship for to goo to the sayd chasse. And when all the rest they were come in the dales and narowe wayes of the [4] busshes, vpon theire courses for to destourne the bestes They begin to that yssued oute of theire dennes, with grete effortes renny [n]ge in the playne valleyes and mountaynes by dyverse places, the one opposyte to the othre in confuhunt. Yolus. [8] sion merueyllouse / The lytyH Ascanius or Yolus, that in Prowess of this toke grete playsure, Ranne aftre vpon a corrageous hors alwayes Redy for to renne, so that he ouer Ranne often the bestes, and was before them / And some tyme [12] abode behynde, ale wrothe of the grete cowardyse of these bestes / Desyrynge to Recountre a wylde bore, or some lyon that fledde not, for to fyghte with hym / Durynge the tyme of the whiche chasse, And that [16] alle the assistents were departed, And stronge chaffed, rennynge aftre the bestes In many and dyuerse countrees Iuno the goddesse, wyHynge accomplysshe the maryge of Eneas to dydo, thrughe suche meanes as ben [20] spoken here aboue, byganne to make the ayre to be troubled, And to couere the blewe cote of the *heuens azured, with cloudes blacke and obscure, full of wynde Impetuouse of Rayne and of heyle of thondre & [24] tempeste, ale medled togydre / Of the whiche the forsayde hunters apperceyued them not, nor made no force occupacion that they had In hande, to the poursiewte [28] and destournynge of the bestes, wherof euery of hem was atte astryffe who sholde doo best, for to be praysed and acquyred the grace of the ladyes / vnto the tyme that the sayde cloudes were well thyk gadred with the [32] stronge wedrynge that surprised them all atones, and soubdaynely enuaysshed them and tormented Rygth asperly with Rayne mysel, and grete heyle stones amonge Aftre, cam a stronge wynde lowe by the [36] grounde, that agetted theym in suche a wyse that they

and lightning. were lyfte vp on hyghe fro the grounde / and were caste backewarde / forewarde, and atte eyther side, whan they wende to haue drawen hem selfe, one towarde dreadful thunder other, by the thondre and tempeste that descended [4] doun from the clowdes, and ranne by the grounde alle enf[1]ammed, in suche moeuynge and perturbacyon, that it appiered of prymeface / that the heuens were broken and parted a sondre, wheroute yssued fyre ardaunte / [8] whiche IHumyned attones alle the erthe/ And aftre that this lighte was goon, the ayer retourned in-to a grete derknesse / for the grete Impetuosite of the orage, as though it had be nyghte / For the whiche cause, [12] the tyryns and the troiens, wyth the hunters / and other of the sayd chasse / and also the lityH Yolus, sone to the sone of Venus / that is, Eneas, and neuew of dardanus his grete vncle, whyche was the firste prynce [16] that edyfied Troye / were constrayned for to flee / and to seche, euery one after hys power, some vyHages or habitacyons for to wythdrawe theym selfe, whiles that [* leaf D s, back] the faHyng *of the reyne russhynge doun from the [20] mountaynes descended in to the valeyes. Also of a Aeneas and Dido, nother parte, the quene dydo and Eneas, in fleeynge, founden a caue vnder a grete roche, in yel whiche they hidde theym selfe bothe togyder alone & ther the [24] goddesse Iuno, quene and patronesse of the commocyons nupcyaHe, by the assente of venus, that lyghtened the torches fo[r] to receyue hiemen, the god of weddynge, accompanyed wyth the erthe, moder to the firste goddes [28] whiche for to doo this / hadde prepared that secrete place, and the reyny wedre therto / propyce and conuenable whan they hem selfe, goddesses of the watres & fontaynes russhyng doun in grete haboundaunce from [32] the toppe of the mountaynes / assembled & made thenne the forsayd maryage / of Eneas and of dydo, wythoute other wytnesses to be by / but the god & the = that

goddesses that be declared aboue / wherof folowed after that this daye was the firste cause of the grete euylles and deth of dydo, the whiche coude neuer be [4] dysmoeuyed from the same, by her grete vertues and merytes, ne her laudable renomme, and wolde not kepe her secrete, as she dyde afore / but in publique, for to gyue a coloure to her falle / confessed hym to be her [8] husbonde / And therof was grete spekynge made, that sone ranne thoroughe the cyties of Lybie and of Affryque wherby arose one euyHe goddesse całyd fame or renommee, whiche is more lighte than ony Description of [12] other thynge / and by mobylite vygorouse encreaseth Fame. (* sign. E j} her forse in rennynge / Atte the firste she is ryghte lity, for doubte that she hath to be seen; and anone after, she maketh her selfe grete, and mounteth vp in-to [16] the ayer / And in vyagynge thrughe the landes, hideth her hede betwyx the clowdes / And thenne she vttreth and sayeth ale that she wyHe, by cause that she is ferre from the partyes. And it is not to be meruey Hed [20] yf she be wycked, as I saye, *for she was wickedly begoten, and for an euyH occasyon / the erthe, granmodre Her birth, of the godde, was ones wrooth wyth theym, And for to doo hem a grete Iniure, engendred two horryble mon- [24] stres / the fyrst hight Seceo, and the seconde Antheledo, whiche were geauntes, stronge and puyssaunt aboue alle othre men of that tyme, and exempt from the subiectyon of alle the dyuynite, and had a suster named renommee [28] or fame, that was the last procreated/ and in signe of a mocke, was to her youen the facultee and power for to reherce and saye alle thinges that sholde come in her her functions, mouthe/ and to speke ayenst all folke, be it kynges, [32] princes, or lordes or othre knyghtes, ladyes, gentyHP wimen marchauntes, labourers, and maydens, goddes, goddesses, & theyre sequele, withoute hauyng rewthe ne regarde to no manere of lesynge, no more than to the [36] trouthe of the dede; & to her were gyuen wynges ałe her wings.

and tongues. of fedders, and fete and handes and body and hede, wherof was made a monstre fuHe terrible, that hath as many eyen in her hede, euermore wakynge, and ale wyde open/ as she hath fedders vpon her, and as many Fame-her eyes eerys / mouthes, and tonges in lykewyse, that speken style without ceasse / And for her talkynge, neuerthelesse cesseth not to herken, and hereth wel a[1]waye that that she hereth. AHe the nyght she fleeth betwix [8] the clowdes and renneth ouer the erthe, spred abrode, rushynge, and makyng grete noyse as thondre & tempestes, nor can neuere wake so longe that she can gete luste to slepe She sette herself somtyme atte the gates [12] of the townes, casteHes, fortresses, and of grete lordes houses, with the porters and mynystres, for to questyone theym what rewle is kept in the towne / of the astate of the kynge and of the princes, and of theyre moost [16] famylyer seruauntes / Aftre, she goeth vp in to the hał, [*sign. Ej, back] and somtyme within the chambre and *hyde herse[1]f in corne[r]s, and behynde the tapytes; a nother tyme vpon the highe pynacles and toures / and wyth theym that [20] kepe the day watches, whiche beholden alle the towne quer; & nothynge is there so secrete, be it in house or in strete, but it is sone manyfested vnto her / The grete cytees & bygge townes, she doeth trouble somtyme [24] wyth sorowe and yre by her reportynge / AHe is goode she aduyseth herself / be it good or euil, trouth or lesynge, she telleth and reporteth ale to her guyse. [28] This meschyne of whome I speke, that Ioyeth her to recyte aswell the euy as the goode, and more lesyng than trouth, byganne to renne by the townes, cytees castelles & other places / recountyng vnto all theym [32] that she fonde/ how Eneas, of the lynee of the troians, was come in Cartage, of whom the fayr dydo had enamoured herself, and bothe togydre helde hemselfe alle the winter, passynge the tyme in grete playsaunces/36

festes / playes & sportynges, all occupyed In theyr delices / wythout to puruey to the gouernaunce of theyr Royalmes lordshypes, as though they had forgoten it, come to Lybia. [4] alle dedycated to theyr playsures & wylles / how be it that it was other wyse / And in passynge through the The reports landes, reportynge aH thise tidynges, was aduertysed that the kynge Yarbas, resident in the same contrey, [8] and sone adressed her selfe towarde hym the streyght cours / And to hym recounted the manere, How dydo hadde esprysed her owne herte wyth the loue of Enee/ and alle the thynges here a-fore wryten / wherof this [12] Yarbas, that was kynge of the grete Libye, hadde grete dyspyte, by cause that this lady hadde somtyme refused hym, that was a grete lorde / and of the lynee of the goddes, sone to god Iupyter a renouse, that men [16] adoured in Lybye / and of one Nyuyse, goddesse of the fontaynes, doughter to Gzamas, that had be rauyshed. This Yarbas was ryghte deuote, and in his tyme had construed, edyfyed, and made an hondred temples wythin His temples [20] his royalme, wyth an hondred othre sacraryes, in whiche a he had consecrated the fyre brennyng without ceasse, that he called the daye watche pardurable of the godde: And made there contynuely so many sacryfyces, that and sacrifices. [24] the erth ate there about, was aHe made fatte and molyfyed wyth the blode of the bestes that were there Immolated to the honoure of the goddes / And replenyshed wyth ale manere of good odours & swete smeHynge,¹ floures that he gadred in that place. And whan he was adcerteyned of the dooynge of dydo and of Eneas, he was therof vtterly dysplaysed / wherby a grete acumu- [32] lacyon of yre and wrathe he begate wythin the roote of His wrath. hys herte; and as tryste, sorowfuHe, and besyde hymself, wyst not to whom complayne / but onely that he wente in to the temple before the awter / and in Ioynyng his

Chapter 16. How yarbas complayned hym to Iubyter, of Eneas, that edyfied the cyte of Cartage, And how Iubyter sent sodaynly Mercuryus toward Eneas, for to make hym to retorne in-to the contree of ytalye — Capitulo xvj

Jupiter. handes togydre, made the prayer and requeste that Yarbas prays to foloweth /¶"O Iupyter, almyghty god, for whome folke of Moryenne, where is made the roughe tapysserye in pycture ale dyuerse: haue made an assemble magny- [4] fyque of metes and of wynes for to kepe a solempneHe feste in the worshyp of thy godhede / knowest thou not oure sorowe? hast thou for euer determyned to mortals with his solace and dysporte thy self euermore wyth the thondre [8] and weddrynges, for to gyue vnto vs tremoure and feere/wylte thou feere vs onely wyth thy fyres, by the sodaynly sente throughe the cloudes in grete tempeste and murmure, and occupye thy self ale to that, wythout [12] rightwisnes to be by the made vnto euery chone/" of eneas that edefyed the cyte of Cartage/ and how Iupyter sente sodaynly Mer- [16] curyus towarde eneas, for to make hym to retorne in to the countrey of ytalye. ¶ Capitulo xvj

E complayne to thy ryghtwysnesse, of a [20] woman whiche is come in to the lymytes of our londe, habandonned & as lost, named fenyce' or dydo / that hath take vpon her to edyfie a cyte of lityl pryce, that she doo to be called cartage, to the whiche [24] by curtoysie we haue gyven londe haby table, & lawes tymes to be our wyf & spouse / but therof she made none acompte / and hath habandonned hersilfe in alle [28] manere poyntes to receyue the false eneas, as maister & lord of alle her londe / The whiche seductor of ladies, as parys that enwedded ye fayr heleyne, kepeth himself in maner as a woman, in their companye, wyth his longe [32] heres that he maketh to be enoynted & kemed for to be yelow as golde, makyng theym to be bounden in a

coyffe rounde a-boute his hed / wythout to thynke vpon none other thynges, but only the delites of wymenly love, wherin he is contynueHi ocupyed wyth [4] her; and we, that ałe the tyme of our lyf haue serued to thy temple / doon many sacrifyces & oblacyons to thi lawde & praysinge / are dyspysed & habandouned, while he, Yarbas, wythoute to bryng there-from some rewarde or aall his piety. [8] vauntage." the whiche yarbas, makyng this his complaynt and prayer within the temple, byfore the awters, the god almyghty Iupyter, that wolde exalte his Jupiter hears requeste, tourned hys loke a side towarde the walles. [12] and habytauntes of the cytee of Cartage, where he knewe the two louers, wythoute remembraunce of theyr first goode fame that they hadde forgoten: And thenne called to hym Mercuryus, whiche ys * inter-pretour of [16] the goddes, And commaunded hym to doo the message here wryten, saynge / "¶ My sone mercure, goo and sends Merlyghtly, take thy wynges empared with fedders / Całe the swete wyndes, and goo doune wyth them towarde [20] Eneas, the duke troien, whyche is nowe taryed wythin Cartage for to enhabyte there / hauynge noo mynde ne recordaunce for to goo conquere the cytees that by-fore haue be youen vnto hym / shewyng vnto hym [24] that his modre venus, the fayre goddesse, dyde not promytte vnto vs that he shulde be suche a seductour of wymen, and of lyf determyned to communyque wyth them / Whan atte her requeste we kept and with a rebuke [28] saued hym two tymes ayenst the grekes hys enemyes, And gaffe hym vyctorye one tyme ayenst Dyomedes, and a nothre tyme ayenst AchyHes, whan atte bothe the tymes he enterprysed for to doo armes ayenst theym [32] before the grete Troye / But vnto vs dyde promyse hys sayde modre, to make hym more cheualerouse than eny othre of hys tyme, in suche a wyse that he shulde be dygne by excellence aboue ale othre, to obteyne by and a message.

batayHes the conqueste vyctoryouse of the ryche and second empyre of Ytalye / And that thrughe hys grete worthynesse and hyghe fayttes, he shulde brynge vp ageyne the grete and fyrst renomme of the troiens, [4] and ate the worlde subgeit to hys lawes / And yf he had hys herte so harde Inclyned to the playsure of his Italy, he should fowHe delyces, That the desyre gloryouse to conquere one suche lordshyp/ coude not mowe bryng hym [8] there-to as touchythe honour of hys owne persone / Atte the leste that he have consideracyon that his sone ascanius, to whome aftre his deth are due his grete domynacyons, be not putte ther-from thrughe hys [12] deffawte / What mystreth hym to edyfie cartage, & enhabyte emonge his enmies, for to leue & forsake the no*ble posteryte of ytalye, and the ryche possessyons of lauyne/goo thou forth incontynent, to gyue hym [16] commaundement in oure byhalue, that he parfournyshe hys vyage; for this is in effect thy message, and ende of thy legacyon/" The whiche Mercuryus, desyrynge to acomplyshe the commaundement of his granfadre [20] Iupyter/appoynted hym self fulle soone for to fullefyHe his wyle/ and fyrst he made fast atte hys heles Mercury puts on hys grete wynges ouer gilt, that bare hym with the wyndes, aswełłe ouer see as ouer erthe, hyghe and lowe, [24] where someuere he wolde be, and toke the cepter Imperyale of hys dyuynyte / by meanes of the whiche he drewe some sowles out of heHe, and made hem to come vp ahighe to the lyghte / the other he toke out [28] of lyff, and sent hem in to heHe / Also wyth his rode he made some to fale a slepe, without neuere to wake; and the other he made to watche without ceasse / And with this rodde fleeynge, he deuysed the foure [32] wyndes, and departed the troublouse clowdes that he He flies towards recoumtred in hys waye / And trauersynge from one lande to another, he perceyued in lokynge ale of ferre, the hyghe sholders and sydes of the strong Athlas, that [36]

susteyned the heuens vpon his hedde. This Athlas was a geant, strong and myghty a-boue ale other / & bycause that ye heuens were not stedfast of one syde, & [4] sometyme dyde bowe atte other part, the goddes dide tourne hym in to a hyghe mountayne, for to susteyne the heuens. And vpon his hed, in stede of herys, he is al garnysshed of sapyn trees and of hooly trees, that [8] be contynuły beten & cast of the wyndes, and sore couered with clowdes fuHe derke / his sholdres are couered with snowe atte ałe season of the yere ; & out of his grete chyne, issuen grete flodes, & fontaines [12] rening doune without cesse alonge his terrible berde, of whiche the borders and shores in stede of *heres ben garuyshed wyth thycke yse / And incontynent the sayd mercuryus drewe thyderwarde, for to festye the sayd [16] athlas, that was his vncles brother, vnto his moder named laye/& sette hymself vpon his sholdres, where he was a whyle to reste hym / And after toke his flyghte as a and then flies to byrde, streyght towarde the see of lybye, fleyng lowe, & [20] syn hie, restynge hymself vpon the roches alonge the shores of the see, takynge hys dysportes as a byrde that pruneth or pycketh her / so that he cam by processe of tyme, from a-boue the sholdres of his sayd [24] vncle, vnto the sandy shores of the see of Lybye /& from thens he entred wythin cartage, where he fonde eneas, that buylded towres & other grete edyfices, al ocupyed for to make vp the cytee of cartage / and had [28] a bystorye or wepen crysolite / as it were a lityl swerde crosseles, that hafted was wyth iasper, wel enryched & garnysshed wyth fyne golde, hangynge at a silken lase by his side / and hadde a sleue vpon his lifte harme, [32] of fyne cremoysin ale drawen ouer wyth golde wyer, right wauntanly wouen / whiche the ryche dydo had made wyth her owne handes, & had gyue it to him; to the whiche eneas, the sayd mercuryus adressed him, & [36] said in this manere / " Man effemynate, wythout honour,

Mercury rebukes forgoten thi royame, & habandouned thyn owne thynges, citee, thus moche magnyfique, wherof thou hast taken [4] the foundementes in this place that is not thyne / That same god regnynge in the clere leuyn, that of his godhed doeth moeue bothe the heuens & therth / hath commaunded me to come hastely towarde the, thrugh [8] the hie regyons of thayer, to brynge vnto the his commaundementes. What cometh to the by fore/ that thou wyl rebuylde here? what hope hast thou to abide ydle in this landes of Lybye? *wylt enhabyte thiselfe in a [12] strange contrey, and leue the conqueste of thyn oune herytage / And yf the glorye of this thyng / whiche vnto the ought to be desiderable / can not moeue the therunto / dredynge the peyne & the traueyl of the [16] mand for him to conqueste, whiche thou oughtest to attrybute to honour go to Italy, magnyfyque as to thy persone / atte leeste byholde wyth pyte thyn heyre Yolus / to whom the royame of ytalye & the ryche contre romayne, are due after thy [20] deth by ryght heredytal; & doo bi suche manere of wyse, that the loeuynge be vnto the attrybuted / to haue made conquest therof/" The whiche thynges thus sayd, the sayd Mercuryus / yet spekynge, vaynyssed [24] oute of eneas sight, as a thyng that one see of ferre / alwayes drawynge from hym abak, tył that it is seen Aeneas is at first nomore: Wherof this eneas was sore afrayed, of the grete vysion deyfyque that he had seen, soo that he [28] abode as a man rauysshed out of his wytte, wythout speche; his heeres byganne to greseH, & dresse vpward / the arteres formatyue of speche were stopped wythin hym in somoche that he myght not speke for the [32] grete horrour & fere that he had had, desiryng abowe all thynges, to flee & leue this swete contrees of cartage, be in daunger of his persone / as longe as he dweHeth [36] and vanishes. confounded,

Chapter 17. How dydo, knowynge the departyng of Eneas, ranne thorugh the cyte of Cartage, as a woman dysperate and from her selfe — Capitulo xvij

what to do in this emergency; there/wythstandyng the inuectyue monycyons doon to hym by the commanndement of the goddis, & knowe not knowing not what to doo / so moche he is esprysed of sodayn [4] sorowe immense / nor by what wayes he maye notyfye thees thynges to Dydo, ne what termes he shall take at the begynnyng of his wordes / hymself to valyde, & to gyue a coloure to his byfaHe/ & abode longe in [8] this thoughte doubtouse and varyable, wythoute to sette his purpose to condescende to ony parte of that he wold do, vnto * the ende that it semed hym for the beste to cale thre of hys knyghtes / One named [12] Nestor, a nother Sergeste / and the thirde is the stronge Cloant; to whome he commaunded, that ale secretly they sholde doo make redy his shyppes/secretly for assemble theyre folke / take theyre armeures and ale [16] other appareylle, for to depart incontynent that he shold ordeyne; And that they sholde doo this couertly, in dyssymulyng their goyng / to thende, that yf it were aperceyued by some waye / men shold wene that it [20] were a manere of a feynynge: How dydo, knowyng the departyng of eneas, ranne thrugh the cytee of cartage, as a woman disperate, and from herselfe. Capitulum xvij He felawes right gladly dyd fulfyHe ryght soone They obey the commaundement of eneas the whiche, gladly. trowynge that dydo sholde neuer haue thoughte vpon [28] ye brekyng of soo grete a loue, nor that he wolde habandoune & leue her, stroof wyth hymself/ by what wayes he myghte signyfie it vnto her, in what wordes / or what hour / and in what maner, moost honeste, for to [32] gyue her lesse sorowe. But the quene dydo, atysed of Dido suspects the grete couetyse, enflammed wyth desirouse loue that can neuer be sacyate ynoughe / felte firste this barate / by cause that the fyne louer that alwayes kepeth hym

Chapter 18. How dydo sorowfully bewayled the departyng of Eneas, bi swete & amyable wordes — Capitulo xviij

preparations, selfe wythin his warde, and fyndeth noo thynge soo sure but that he putteth it in adoubte, can not be Dido hears of his lyghtely deceyued. For fame, that euyH goddesse, reporteth vnto her that Eneas made his nauye to be [4] armed and repayred, wherby she ymagnyeth fyrste / that he dyde soo for to departe / and goo oute of her lande; & Incontynente, as aHe furyouse, & oute of her wytte, toke to styre her selfe, & ranne thrugh ye citee [8] of cartage as a mad woman, as thyas ye grete prestresse [* leaf E 5, back] dyd in tyme *passed, whan she wente to incyte and somen the matrones and yonge maydens, to renne furyously and wythout shame, thrughe the towne by [12] nyghte to the feest / and sacryfyces of the goddes Bachus and Venus, atte the daye of theyr solempnyte ¶ How dydo sorowfully bewaylled the departynge of Eneas, by swete and amyable [16] wordes Capitulum xviij

Nd thus rennynge aboute, she recounted Eneas, to whom by grete dyscomforte, reforced wyth Aeneas, and tries merueyllouse sorowe / wherof her herte was surprysed in gret accumylacyon of extreme dysplaysur, she sayd these wordes, halfe by manere of a reproche, in dolaunte lamentacyons, rewthes and complayntes / "O ryght dere eneas, sedycious & ryght cruel / how haste thou had [24] the herte so vntrue, to thynke so grete a treson / as for to wył departe out of my lande sodaynly, wythout to make me a-knowen therof/ Is there thenne nothyng in the worlde that can make the to abyde here? nother the [28] grete loue that is bytwyx vs bothe, wherof we haue somoche loued eche other, the grete recuel that I haue doon to the the grete ayde & secours, the worshyp /the that thou hast had of me, whan I receyued the in-to my [32] londe / that tyme that thou come firste to me as a man exyled and naufraged; nor the deth horryble & cruel that for the I must receiue, wherof I shall redyly

slee my selfe at thoure of thy departyng/ nor the paynes & traueylles that thenne I shaH must endure. O man, of aH other, the moost forcened oute of thy wyt, [4] & doled out of ye sure waye / how in this harde wedder of wynter, that the wyndes hen in their furye / yº see fuł of tempest & of grete voraygeouse wawes, & the tyme ale indisposed more than euer it was / hast thou purposed [8] to mounte vpon ye see, & to flee from my presence / for to goo with a lityl puissaunce to werre and bere greuaunce to ytalye, a strange londe / wher-from thou shalt be sone expelled at thys tyme / For yf thy wie [12] were to goo to troye, thyn owne londe / yf she were yet in her beyng/ & that thou were well sure to be there honestly receyued / yet thou oughtest not to goo there, nor to take the see now, wythstandynge the [16] daungeours aforsayd / Alas, fle thou not from me! therof I requyre the, & admonest the, for pyte of the sorowe that I bere, and for the grete teeris flusshyng doun from myn eyen, that this to doo incyten & somone the, [20] by the swetnes by thy wełł wyHynge, and by the yeftes & alle other thynges that I haue doon vnto the, alle at thyne owne wyH, in suche a wyse that no thynge I haue reserued for my selfe / but that it was alle [24] habandouned vnto the, more redyli than to myn owne body/ By oure kyssynge and swete cuHynge, by oure byhauynge and louely countenaunces / by our Ioyes and playsures delycyouse, in fyne loue bytwyx vs [28] mutuel, wherof we haue loued eche other soo that in noo wyse my dyligente thoughte hadde neuer no wyłe to be cruel anemste¹ the, but hath be atte ale tymes [¹anent] desirous for taccomplysshe, wythout ony gaynsayng, [32] ale that I knewe was to thy playsur / And thenne yf to induce him to I haue deserued to haue some good of the / & yf thou euer toke playsunce in ony thyng that by me cam, playse the, thenne, to haue mercy of this poure desolate [36] frende, that shalle be sone broughte to the poynte stay; F [2]

mortale, and my cytee dispeopled / and to grete ruyne, delyuered by thyn infortunate goynge; And wył chaunge thy courage yf my requeste and prayers can haue place of merite to acquyre mercy ayenst the. thou [4] seest that the folke of Lybye / the cruel tyrauntes of Myronde, and they of the cytee of Thyre, that many tymes I haue offended, hate and haue enuye atte me; is there loste; And my first fame & goode renomme, wherbi I was electe & taken vp to the sterres as a veraye goddesse / is now, by thy departynge, sodaynly extyncted. why wolde thou thenne habandoune and [12] leue me, thy kynde loue, dyscomforted, Redy to deie / that lightly forgeteth his lodgynge and the place that he goeth fro, & departeth Ioyously wythout to haue [16] eny rewthe therunto haa I perceyue weH, that of the I wende to haue my frende, my true husbande & espouse & no thing abideth with me nowe / but onely the name of an hoste. what can I wayte for nowe ? [20] O, what recomfort may I haue, that am voyde from ale hands of Pygmahope / and noon other is there / but to fale in-to the handes of Pigmalion, my cruele brother, kyng of Thyre / that shale comme take my cyte, and put ałe [24] to destructyon, and brynge me to mendycyte; Or that Yarbas, kynge of Gectuses, that I haue so ofte indygned for to auenge hys Iniuryes, shale reduce me in-to captyuite / Atte leste, yf afore thy harde [28] departynge, I had had of the, som lynee, or som lyteH Eneas that I myght haue seen often playnge in my hale, for to take theratte som comforte, wheryn I shulde haue take my dysport / thinkynge vpon the [32] remembraunce of the Ioyful playsaunce that I haue had of thy presence / whyche shutde asswage the harde dysplaysaunce that I shale haue of thyn absence, I shulde thynke that I were not so sore 36

Chapter 19. How dydo, al in a rage, complayned her to Eneas and to the goddys — Capitulo xix

wasted, nor alle togydre habaundouned, as presently I am /" ¶ How dydo, alle in a rage, complayned her to Eneas and to the goddes. ¶ Capitulo xix. F the whiche wordes, Eneas not moeuyng hym self

[8] Immobyle atte anothre syde than vpon dydo, & sighynge sore * in his herte for the loue that he had hadde to her, sayd in this manere / "Certes, quene, I answere not, but that thou haste deserued of me moche more of goodes [12] than I can nombre, or by som wyse thynke ne telle; and so shall I remembre elysse as longe as lyffe shall abyde wythin me / and by cause that thou hast spoken first, I wy tele & shewe vnto the that I wold not haue [16] departed furtyuely out of thy land, vnknowen ¹ to the, but sholde haue sygnyfied it vnto the / Also I am not come hider determyned to wedde the / nor neuer toke presumpcion in me for to do so, nor to take aliaunce [20] wyth the for suche a cause. And yf the goddes wolde suffre that I myghte vse my lif to myn appetyte, & to be at my fre wył / I shold take habytacion in the grete troye, wyth my kynsmen & other that are there [24] abyden, escaped from the distruction / And yet sholde troye be made vp agayn by me / but the god Appollo of the cytee of tymbre, wyth the oracles, in short, preceptyue of the lande of lycye / commaunden me to goo [28] in to ytalye. and syth that it muste be thus doon, it is my lande [2] & my desire to accomplyshe alle theyr wyHe/ And it semeth that thou oughte not in no wyse to reprehende me, ne to haue [3] enuye vpon ye troians, of theyr [32] goynge in-to ytalye, a strong lande, out of theyr nacyon/ sith that thou art of thire, come from the meane regyons

of fenyce, to enhabyte in libye, & to take thy playsure in thy grete edyfyces of cartage, that thou doost make presently for to preside in hit / forsakyng the swete grounde, moder to thy byrth. For to a peple yssued [4] out of strange lande, is licyte to seke strange places for theyr / dwelynge. And it sholde be a shame to me, that haue enterprysed the conquest of ytalye, to reside in this land of lybie, wythoute to accomplishe my wyage; [8] whiche thynge for to doo, I am incyted in dremys by the soule of my fader Anchisis / the whiche, atte ałe [* leaf E 7, back] *tymes that the nyght obscure couereth the landes of her shadowes humyde / whan the sterres togyder [12] maken theyr rysyng / apyereth byfore me vndre the speche of a terryble ymage/ strongely indygned, and ayenste me sore moeued. Also of a nother side I am sore conturbed wyth a drede meruey Hous, for the grete [16] and his son's he Iniurye that I doo to my dere sone Ascanius, whiche, by my longe taryenge, I doo pryue of the possession of the royame of ytalye / wherof the successyon is vnto hym due of ryghte heredytale / and by veraye des- [20] tynacy after my deth / but there is no more/ by cause that thou shalte not wene / that of my selfe I haue enterprysed this besines for to leue the / yet in trouth, and also I swere it by thy hedde, and also by my owne, [24] that Mercurye, the gret messager and grete Interpretour message to him, of the goddys, hath ben hastely sente fleyng by the ayer from Iupyter, souerayne god, whiche hath brought me maundemente for to departe alle incontynent [28] haue seen hym manyfestly, in lyght of godhed, to entre the walles of thy cytee / & al clerly of hym herde his voys wyth myn eerys properly. wherfore it ought well to suffyce the/ wythoute to presse me wyth wordes ony [32] more, sith that the goynge and enterpryse that I muste doo in ytalye, is not of myn owne wyłe:" ´N sayeng the whiche wordes by eneas / dydo lokyng

speke neuer a worde / as a persone furybounde & furyous and or euer that she coude saye ony thyng, as rauysshed helde her sighte al mobyle, wythout to [4] areste it vpon one thynge of a long while / and after, by gret yre, gadred by immense sorow intrysiuque wythin her hert, sayd to hym in this wyse: [66] o man right false and vntrue, that, what someuer men sayen, was neuer [8] borne of no goddesse, nor procreated of Royale lynee *comyng of the puissaunt dardanus, fyrst founder of the grete cyte of troye, but arte engendred of Caucasus 1/ whiche is a mountayne terryble in ynde, al ful of harde [12] stones of dyuerse fygures, of merueyllous height that recheth almost vnto the heuyns / soo that neuer ony birde myghte passe ouer / where groweth hungre that was neuer satysfyed, to exstirpe & waste alle the goodes [16] comyng oute of the erth, The whiche, how be it that she hath chosen there her habytacion, for to deuoure al thynges that comyn vnde[r] her; AH this nethelesse suffiseth her not / but sendeth down her colde messagers / [20] as snowe/froste, heyle / & tempeste, transported & caste of the ayer by the colde wyndes into the lowe regyons, and after doeth peryshe the trees & the herbes, the corne, & all other thynge growyng oute of the grounde / [24] and this doon, whan she hathe no thyng more, [s]he parforseth hyr self, wyth hir grete teeth to ete the rotes vnder the grounde, that haue hidde hemself wythin the entraylles of therthe their moder/ for to achieue [28] that all were brought to destructyon / as thou wylte doo of me, in folowyng the condycions of ye subsiduous modre that hath made the to be norysshed and fedde or he has been wyth the mylke of the tygres of Yrcanye, that are [32] made wythoute to haue pyte of ony thynge that is borne in this worlde; what holdeth me / but that I shale sone goo fro my wyttes, replenysshed of grete madnesse / why is it that I dssymule to goo ale oute

Chapter 20. How dido, wyth grete cursynges, gaaf leue to Eneas — Capitulo xx

from my wyttes? wherto wylle I thenne kepe my selfe, nor lyue more from hens forth / syth that this euył man & a traytour, for what wepynge that I make, dayneth not gyue oute one only syghe, nor torne his [4] eyen to loke ones vpon me / nor haue no pyte of me, his sorowful loue / for to styre hym to one sighynge only, or to a tere descendyng out of his eyen / what I [* leaf E 8, back] ought to do / ne what parte to torne me, *what I may saye / to what ende shold my wytte mow begynne / nor where to haue recours / I wote not / O goddes celestial, and Iuno grete goddesse! O Iupiter, and aHe othre goddes, gyue socours to me, thys vnhappy / and [12] wul permute rigoure to equyte, in this bihalue." ¶ How dido, with grete cursynges, gaf leue ¶ Capitulo // xx to Eneas / "A Las, I haue receyued this man, poure, myserable, [16] and naufraged vpon the ryuage of the see / and, as euyH aduysed, haue kept hym, and we entreated, and lyghtly & gretly coloqued, aboue the moost grete of my lande / his nauye I haue do make ayen, that was [20] reduced at in peces; his folke, that were ale perisshed, and ale lyuered to deth, I haue delyuered them therfrom, and receyued in-to my cyte / not onely receyued / but entreteyned / furnyshed and susteyned, [24] as them of my house / And nowe, for to rewarde me therof, I haue the rage of furoure atte my herte. [0] what anguyshe/ what lesyng, what treson ful of divine messages desperacion / how he swereth that the god Apollo, [28] by his aunsueres and augurementes [1] / the sortes preceptyue of lycie, and the interpretour of the grete god Iupiter, Mercurius, messager of the goddes / ħaue pressed hym strongly, by ryght grete commaundementes, [32] lyght permanent before whome no thynge, be it

Chapter 21. How dydo fyl doun in a swone, and how she was borne awaye by her wymen, and also how dyligently the nauye of Eneas was made redy for to goo in to ytalye — Capitulo xxi

neuere so secret nor couertly hept, can not be hyd, how weneth this man, by his false and deceyuables wordes, made stronge with right grete and horrible [4] othes, to make me to vndrestande / that ye ale ben about for to make hym goo from me, as that ye ħad non othre besynesse but only to send doune youre knyghtes messagers towarde hym / O, how thou art a [8] ryght stedfast lyar, that dredeth not to całe the true calls him a liar, goddes in testymonage for to con*ferme thy lesynge ; and yet more, to Impute to theym that they ben cause of thyn vntrouth / Now goo, thenne, syn it is soo / into and bids him go, [12] what someuer partyes that thou wylt / for I haue not be shipwrecked, the kepynge of the / I holde the not in no wyse / nor wył not that thou abyde for me. crye strongly, and całe the wyndes / and doo the worste that thou [16] canste! calle after Yolus & Neptunus, for to lede the in-to ytalye! hie the, and make it shorte / mounte vpon the see, and tarye no lenger For I truste that the goddes of equyte pyetouse, haue suche puyssaunce, thou [20] shalte abyde naufraged wythin the see thy shyppes hoping he will broken ayenste the roches / and shale całe me often to thyne ayde, in grete complayntes & merueyllouse. rewthes, that thou haste thus habandouned me, dydo, [24] dysplaysaunte and desolate / that sone shalle folowe and threatens theby fyre mortale inflammed. & whan the colde deth shall haue separed me, and taken awaie the soule from the body, my spyrite shaH aproche the nyghe in [28] at the places of thy flageHacyons, peynes & tormentes, sobbynges, and grete lamentacyons; wherof I shalle make my reporte vnto the pryue goddis, beyng in the [32] lowe shadowes: ¶ How dydo felle doun in a swone / and how & in what manere she was borne awaye by hir wymen; and also how

dyligently the nauye of eneas was made redy for to goo in to ytalye. Capitulum xxj N sayeng the whiche wordes, how be it that dydo [4] her speche ate atte ones by ryghte grete sorowe; Toke and dystourned her eyen from the lyghte where she was inne / And felle in a swoune, as alle ded to the [8] grounde. she was soone take vppe by her wymmen, that bare her in-to her chambre marbryne, & leyd [* sign. Fj, back] her vpon a lityl bedde. Wherof Eneas, *how be it that he had grete pyte and compassyon of her, and [12] desired sore to comforte her wyth swete & amyable woordes, for to assuage her sorowe in grete sobbynges / his swete loue suffre suche¹ a peyne / Alwayes he [16] determyned hymself, & went his wayes for to see his shippes / Thenne whan his folke and maryneres sawe hym / they dyd hie hemselfe yet more fast to werke, of the nauye, that was talowed / & wel garnysshed wyth pytche/oute of the hauen in-to the rode; made oores of wood aH grene, comynge new out of the forest and toke also ryght grete trees, and foyson of [24] other tymbre, for to apropre to their other besinesses, in grete desire to departe sone hens. ye sholde se troians of all sides, that ranne, some dounwarde / and thother vpwarde, ale of one wyHe to haue furnysshed [28] theyr shippes, euyn soo as pysmers are wounte to do, whose method of dredyng sore the wynter / whan they haue founde a shokke of whete or other corne, goo sone oute of theyr nest, and ale by one waye, for to bere awaye their [32] proye / Some lade themselfe / som helpen the other, and thother drawe after theim that / that they can not bere; that other commaundeth and setteth hem al in

described. trouble. ordre; a nother forseth hym self to swepe the place; a nother kepeth, that other bystoweth it; And the curiously other incyteth to make dyligence / one renneth, a [4] nother cometh agayn / and that other seketh what to lade hym selfe wyth ale. a nother hath somoche laden that he late falle som by the waye / And thenne he caHeth for helpe, soo that the waye is neuer deliuered [8] of theym, tyH that they haue doon theyr besinesses. ¶ Alas, Dydo, where is thy wytte bycome, thy fayr Dido is in great maynteyn and swete countenaunce? what goode, what Ioye and what playsure, nor solace of Ioyeful re- [12] membraunce, maye thou *haue, byholdyng vpon thyse thinges What terys¹ and grete sigħynges/what complayntes, calynges and lamentacyons, dyde yssue that tyme out of thy swete brest, whan thou were in [16] the highe lofte2 of thy grete towres, and sawe the see ale troubled and tourmented with shyppes and orys / ¶ O right grete loue Importunate, to whome alle thinge diffycile semeth to be facile for to come to her [20] entent/ how hast thou so grete strengthe ouer the corage humaine? This dydo, for to serue the nowe, fonndreth all in teeris; after, parforceth herself by praiers; and after, submytteth hersilf to ale daungers/ [24] and to ale thinges dyuerse; leueth nothinge, how stronge that it is, how sharp, harde nor grete / but that she wyl parforce herself for to experimente them ale, or euer she delybere herself vtterly to the dethe/ [28] After she dyde doo całe anne, her suster germayne, and to her recyteth a part of her sorowe; and with grete rewthe byganne thus to saye vnto her /" Anne! beholde and see how this folke haste hemself, & assemble from [32] euery syde in-to the hauen / they haue drawen vp alredy theire hyghe sayHes vpon the grete mastes of theyre shippes, ale spred abrode ayenst the wyndes, desirynge [3] and waytynge after the storme, for to

lede hens the nauye ale attones, whiche they haue garnyshed wyth floures, and garlandes, and with crownes in sygne of Ioye & gladnes, that maketh my sorowe and heuynes to be moche the greter / AHas! yf I had [4] well thoughte to haue fallen in the Inconuenyent where I fynde now myself ynne, I wolde haue purueied therto in suche wise / That I shulde not haue come by noo waye to thys greuouse tourment of mortale sorowe [8] where I am so ferre come, In to the bytternes of grete myserie that by noo wyse I can not bere it noo lenger / socorus to the, must I thenne seke, my swete [* sign. Fij, back] suster, & my right dere frende /* saue my body! saue [12] me my lyf! and for to doo this, I praye & requyre the, that one message only it playse the for to do for me, towarde that traytour, that man of euyl corag, that hath loued the gretly / and hath vttered his secretes [16] vnto the entierly, so that thou knowest his condicions & his dedes / the places / the houres & mouementes, and the oportunyte of the tyme moost propyce for to speke wyth hym. Goo thenne anone, my suster, wyth [20] a humylite / to requyre myn enmye mortal, the false eneas, whiche is ayenst me so fyers, shewynge vnto hym pietously how I haue not be in no wyse | thynkinge nor consentyng in the cursed yle of Aulite, [24] whan of one assente al the grekes folke swore that troye shold be distroyed / The harde conspyracion of the same grete excysion was made ferre from my lande; and neuer socours ne comforte by me, nor of [28] my supporte, was gyuen to theym, for to doo that my shippes nor my armye were neuer sent thyder for to gyue greuaunce to the troians / nor neuer of me came euyH vnto them, nor no thyng that was to theym [32] nuysible. Also I haue not rented, vyolated ne broken, the pyramyde of his faders sepulture. I neuer dyde any sort of way; amys, nor neuer offended ayenst hym / wherby he ought to leue me aside / Infestaunce obprobre ne 36

Chapter 22. How Eneas brake the ooken tree of the grete loue of dydo — Capitulo xxii

.] TO BEG AENEAS TO DELAY HIS Departure a littLE. vytupere to anchises, whan he liued, that called hym fader of Eneas, nother to his soule after his deth / were neuer doon of my behalue / Alas why, suster, in [4] shewynge thyse thynges vnto hym wyte of hym / why he hath me in suche indygnacyon / that he refuseth to lene his eeres for to vnderstande my wordes, that ben soo iuste and resonable, as thi self [8] knowest: 0! he wyHe now goo soo hastely, atte this tyme whiche is so daungerouse / atte leeste that it maye playse hym to graunte a yefte to me, his sorowful loue, that is onely / that he wyHe tarye and dyfferre [12] his departynge vnto the newe tyme / that the swete wyndes shale putte hemselfe vp in pacifycacion of the see pestilencyaH, that thenne shale permytte hym facely & lightly for to do his vyage safly. I do not [16] somone hym for taccomplysshe his promyse simulatyue of the mariage of vs two / nor that he leue his purpose putte this thyng in delaye for a certayn space of [20] tyme / Duryng the whiche, I may induce my self to sorow, & that infortune admynystre to me my sorowes by proces of tyme, one after a nother, wythout to suffoke me now vtterli in-to the depe see of amaritude, [24] wythout ony reysing / soo doo, I praye the, my suster, hauinge of me remembraunce / that it playse the to goo & make vnto hym this my present requeste / & thus doynge, I shale make thee myn heyre, to enioye [28] & receyue, after my deth, ye renues of al my londe." How eneas brake the oken tree for the grete loue of dydo Capitulum xxij The whiche thynges, thus sayd by dydo, Anne her Anne goes to make vnto hym her feble legacion. the whiche he wold not graunt, by cause that the dyuyne commaundementis inhibytores, that had stopped his eeres of pite, [36] were contrarie to the same; and many goynges & Aeneas.

parte to thother / that fynably were a frustratoire / and percisted eneas / like as a grete oke tre, antyque & in-uetered of many yeres among the grete stones harde, [4] strongely roted, whiche is ofte caste of many wyndes & orages, wherof the foure wyndes happen ofte to assemble togider, one ayenst that other, for to ouerthrawe hym doune, & wyth their grete blastes taken his hie [8] braunches, whiche they shake & bowe un-to ye grounde / & make hem to braye & crie by impetuouse moeuynges,1 tendyng to distroye hym vtterli / wherof ye gret tronc *auncient, that the more that he is olde/hie braunched / [12] spacyouse & grete, the more thicke & depper ben his rotes spred wythin therthe, & related bytwyx th[e] harde roches, abydeth euer styl ferme, & moeueth by no wyse. In lyke wyse dyd semblable Eneas, that, how be [16] it that he was strongli impelled in his corage by y persuasions & harde lamentacions confyte in pietous teeres rennyng doune the swete face of dydo / that he somoche derly had loued, & by her was restored from deth to [20] lyf from anguishe & calamyte, in-to right grete prosperite/wherof yº remembraunce greued hym ryght sorowfully by incytacion compatyble, whiche admonnesteth hym to socoure this dolant lady / the whiche [24] by her suster maketh hym to be induced to doo the same by many exhortacions & pyetous remonstrances excytatiue of all well wyHyng noryce of loue in dylection mutuele of swete charite / condolaunt ouer them [28] that ben affliged / aH this nethelesse, the resolucion intrinsque of his courage is euer reduced to thobeyssaunce of ye goddes, & to their deuyne commaundementes, the whiche, all thise thynges reiecte from hym, [32] he enterprised for taccomplysshe after his power: though sorely moved by pity Nd what wye ye swete fenyce, foundrynge in teeres that for ony thyng that she may saye / do, or thynke, can not conuerte the courage of eneas? she [36]

taketh her recours to wyshe deth, ouer moche noyeth her to lyue lenger in this worlde / fleeth al mondayn playsurs fleeth recomforte & all companyes, fleeth [4] y palayces & her chambre arayed, fleeth ye lyghte of ye daye / fleeth the sonne, & the heuyn shynynge / In her closet hideth herself, sore sighyng, makynge grete sorowe. But yet, for to augmente more her sorow in [8] desperacion, thus hid, & makynge her secret sacrifyces wyth y lyght of the fyre brennyng & enflamed vpon her pouldres of frankencens,¹ wherof she decored her oblacions for to Immole byfore thawtres of her temples, [12] *she sawe & aperceyued horryble thynges that made her fulsore affraied, moche more than she was to-fore / that is to wite, the holy waters dedicate to the sacr[i]- Her sacrifices go fice, became blacke & obscure, & chaunged in horrible [16] licoure. And also apperceyued how the good wynes of swete odour, ordeyned for the lybacions or washynges of the sacryfices, were conuerted & tourned in spece of bloode crueH, aH dede, & almost rotyn, whiche for cer- [20] tayne was to her a harde thinge to beholde / wherof a grete malencolie enuaded thenne her herte & her wittes, al ynoughe troubled of the thynges precedent / whiche thinges she kept clos & shette withynne the [24] shryne of her sorowful thoughte, without to notyfye them to eny body lyuynge / ale were he neuer so gretly her frende, not oneli to her suster anne, that afore had well knowen all her secrete thoughtes & other [28] pryue thinges; amonge the wħiche she hadde a lyteł sacraire of marbel, made in manere of a temple, in remembraunce of Sycheus, that his brother pygmalyon had putte to destruction / whiche, duryng the maryage [32] of hem two, dede haunte there full ofte / and made it to be welle ornated & hanged with fayre tappytes white, & crowned welł rychely with crownes of golde, wel enameyHed, & ryght curiously & proprely

kerued & of other somptuouse thynges in grete honoure & reuerence out of y° whiche sacrayre, w[i]thin the temple aforsayde, after that this dydo had vtterly submytted & dedicate her-self to eneas, out of the [4] place of maryage, in brekynge her first feithe promysed From this shrine to sycheus / her semed that she herd come ther-out often some voyces of her sayde late husbande, Sycheus, hym complaynynge, and blamynge her by cryes and [8] lamentacyons, in right grete wepynges & quarellouse plaintes / and after, atte euen, about ye gooyng vnder of ye sonne, whan ye derk night taketh ye landes vnder her gouernance / she, beynge alle alone *in her secrete [12] and pryue houses/ vnderstode & herde at euery owre the owle, whiche is a byrde fleyng by nyght, ferynge ye lyghte of the daye / wherof the song termyneth in pyetous extermynacion, whiche dooth quake & fereth [16] thertes of the hereers, & constristeth theym wyth a sorowful mynde; wherby it is sayd that he is a byrde mortale, or otherwyse, denouncer of mortalite, And conuerseth often in the chircherde, vpon the temples & [20] symulacres, & in places that ben solitare & pestylencious this byrde a-boue declared, cam almost euery nyght vpon the temples & hie pynacles of the palayce & cyte of elysse, in syngyng of fyne manere, in [24] grete draughtes & of a longe brethe, his right sorowfuH¹ songe / soo that ryght often he moeued of dydo the corage, in-to grete teres & sobbynges malencolyouse, fuH of trystesses & merueyllouse thoughtes. and of another [28] side, come to her remembraunce the grete iustyces & dyuynacions presagyous & aruspycyous, vnto her tolde, to her prophetic. & somtyme denounced, by the auguryes [2] & prenostycatures of her harde and aduerse fortunes, that to her [32] were frustred / wherof the most parte she had weł knowen & approued to haue ben veritable / that contryste her alwayes to sorowe more than afore / After

whiles that she is lieng in her bedde, wenynge to slepe & take some reste, horrible dremes & cruel, comen tofore her in hir mynde / that tormente her in tremoure [4] merueyllous; her hert semeth somtyme that eneas foloweth her of nyghe, as alle forcened, replenysshed wyth rage & tormented in furoure, for to distroye her, & vtterly subcombe her in-to persecucyon extreme / And [8] after seeth herselfe lefte all alone wythout companye, goyng by longe wayes, dystroied, deserte & vnhabyted, as a woman loste, vagaunt aboute the landes vnknowen to her where she goeth. After, wyth this dreme [12] cometh to her aduyse, that her cyte and landes of Cartage are a dystroied *and¹ tourned in exyH/ wherfore she fleeth, for doubte to be taken, and retourneth towarde the marche of thyr, wenynge for to [16] come to a place of sauete; but sodaynly commeth tofore her in her remenbraunce, the grete Iniurye that she hathe doon to the tyrynes / withdrawen theire folke, & taken theire goode, and alte the rychesses of sycheus/ [20] the whiche to be had, pygmalion, kynge of ale the lande, made hym to be slayne and mordred falsly; wherfore she doubteth lest asmoche shulde be doon to her yf she went thidre. And thus she remayneth in [24] this poynt desolate, without eny hope of some refute to haue, as a tourned from herself for grete sorowe in-to a rageouse franesye; euen thus as was the sone of pantheus cardynus, whan, in his grete furyosite, was [28] conuerted and tourned by Acho out of his witte, so that hym semed that he sawe the felawes of the Emmendes and alle theire excercyte / that is to wite, Thesypho, Megere, and Atheleto, thei thre furyouse [32] goddesses, infernale, incytatyue to ale euy thynge, that dystroyen and bryngen ale to nought, kutten and choppen / breken and marren, ale the werke and subtyH artyfyce that men haue made / Clotho and also Latheser, also that

that neuer ceassen to spynne and weue / To sette to gyder and to coagule ale natives for generacyon / Wherof are produced ate the creatures that out of the erthe ben heued vp to the ayere. Of another syde she saw also, to [4] her semynge, two sonnes shynynge one by another, that presente hemself by symulacyon wythin the fantasme of her entendement, ale troubled in grete confusyon of dysplaysures and sorowes excess yue, ale dyuerse in [8] contrary qualyte / And ye two thebes, grete citees meruey House, that appieren in aduysion to be bifore her eyen / whiche to her semyng are bothe properly one [* leaf F 5, back] lyke another / How be it that there was neuer *but one, [12] whiche a kyng of grece called cadinus, made somtyme, that founde first ye lettres & the arte of writyng, whiche the first inventor he sent in to diuerse countrees, & pryncipally in the of letters and writing. land of fenice, wherre he made scriptures, grete bokes & [16] cronicles / lerned the folke to rede & to write / wherof right grete lawde was to him attribued, to haue founde by subty artyfice suche a manere of waye, that men may doo knowe all his wife, & notyfie it to whome he [20] wił, by one symple lettre, be it nyghe or ferre, be it of peas or of were, of amyte, or of eny other thing / without to departe himself from his place, but onely by a messager whiche is sent ther / whiche haply shale [24] knowe nothing of the matere & aHe be he dombe or A digression on specheles, yf he take the lettre vnto hym whome it is dyrected vnto, howe be it that he were atte roome or in nauarre, in hongary or in englande / he shall therby [28] vnderstande the desyre of hym that hath sente suche a messager vnto him / wherbi yet atte this owre, with a good right & a Iuste cause, is lefte of the god cadynus here in erthe his grete loenge and good renommee, that [32] neuer shal be extyncted nor any chiled, nor here after abolished. But in token of this, that the first lettres wherof he was inventour, came out of fenyce, equypared to purpre coloure, By cause that in that countrey were [36]

the pourpre clothes fyrst made, and the coloure founde/ We wryte yet in oure kalenders the hyghe festes wyth rede lettres of coloure of purpre / And the grete [4] capitale lettres of the bygynnynge and princypal¹ of the psalmes and chapytres wythin oure bookes, ben ałe mayde fayre ther wythałe. ¶ But yet the grete trybulacon of Elysse is equypared to that of horrestes, [8] the sone of Agamenon, weHe ofte recyted in the comedies senoyses, makynge mencyon Howe, In sygne of vengaunce of the dethe of hys fader, And turpytude *dyshonest of clytemestra his moder, after thoc- [12] cysion of her, & that he torned himself in-to furiosite, him semed that he sawe incessauntli his saide moder clitmestra/ or proserpine of heH, the gret goddesse / or the moder of ye emendes that I haue named aboue, al [16] euflamed in ye face with fire brennyng / & the hed a full of right grete serpentes, graffed there-vpon as thike as heerys, that pursued hym at alle houres, in aHe places, [20] deth of his sayd moder / And forto distourne & haue himse[1]f a-side from there waie / was conseiled by piladis for to goo or transporte himself in-to delphos, & to flee anone hastly a streighte vnto y temple of [24] appolo / the wiche horrestes, trowinge by this subtyl meane to be escaped / whan he was come byfore ye gate of the sayd temple, or there aboute / he fonde the forsayd goddesses infernal, that sette there ouer thentre [28] of the sayd temple, as a-waytyng there after his comyng, whiche was to hym more greuous a thyng than it was a-fore / wher-by he lost thenne the hope of his entent/ The sayd elysse, vaynquysshed & ouercome [32] of the grete anguysshes, sorowes & heuynesses, whiche dyde flowe at her herte in grete haboundance, one vpon another as admonestementes & incytacions whiche somone to procure ye deth / proposed thenne to

Chapter 23. Of the wordes of dydo to her suster Anne — Capitulo xxiii

habandoune herself, & vtterly determyned for to deye / & dyd delibere in herself of the manere more honest / & of the tyme couenable to that same, how & in what manere she myghte do hit / & shortly expose herself to [4] deth / & she beyng in this tryst thoughte, after her conclusion taken, & her fayt arrested / sent to her swete suster anne for to come toward her / & couered her tryst thought wyth a manere of gladnes ynough, not [8] willyng to manyfest, ne bi no wise to declare vnto her, the caas nor the conclucion that she had taken of her deth / but assone as she was com, went & said to her in Of the wordes of dydo to hir suster anne.¹ Cap / xxiij

Y right dere suster & parfite frende: wil ye reioysshe my corage to the recomfort of my sorowes and bitternes? Veryly I haue enquyred yf it were not possible for to fynde som waye to pease & some way out of make swete the grete euyHes wherof I am esprysed, her sorrows, & to departe myself without heuynes from the grete [20] loue that I haue to eneas, or to make hym to remeue & retourne toward me without tarynge. & so moche I haue doon by my dilygent inquisicion / that I haue founde a thinge ryght merueyHouse / It is trouthe, my [24] swete suster, that about the lymytes of the grete see that men całe occeane, in the marches or the sonne goynge-vnder, right nyghe to that place where he lyeth at the endes, vpon his last part of therth there habitable / [28] where conuerse thethyopes, is a certeyn contre of habitacion merueyHouse, where as men sayen the grete athlas, that susteyneth vpon his sholders thaxtre of ye moeuyng of theuen with his sterris brennynge, that [32] where is the axis maketh hym to moeue & tourne to what syde that he wil / maketh hys princypałł dueHynge. In this

place, thenne, wherof I tele you, as I haue be aduertised, is a right holy woman, whiche is a prestresse & wardeyne of the faire temples of the Operydes, whiche [4] are the doughters of athlas / she is theire maistres, theire tutryce and techer, that lerneth and enterteyned hem/ & incyteth & techeth them for to doo sacrifice to ye goddesse / & for her grete witte & knowynge, & also experience that she hath within her of all thinges / was taken vnto her y cure and gouernement of that tendynge & of the norryture of ye fiers dragon that had that [12] tyme the kepyng of the holy braunches of the tree with golden frute, that bare apples al of golde prepared to hym his mete, ale after his complexion, somtyme wete thinges humyde, whan he was wexed [16] lene, for to haue hym soone vp ayen / Another tyme, powdres and graynes of poppy & other seedes, for to make hym soone a-slepe, whan he was ouermoche traueylled and admynystred to hym his metes after [20] that he was dysposed / This lady knoweth many thynges / and emonge other, wył vndertake, and promytteth, by her sortes and charmes, to deliuer pure and playne the affections and courages that ben bounden [24] and enterlaced in loue one towarde an other, to them that she is playsed, and hath theym attones, wythoute prolongacion ne taryeng from ye grete loue merueyllouse; and to the contrarye, putteth loue sodaynly in-to [28] theym that happely thinketh not vpon. But yet this is a lityl thynge to the regarde of the other grete artyand do still fices and werkes that she can doo, as to tarye & areste sodaynli the flodes & grete ryuers, that they [32] goo no ferther doune; And make their bygge stremes rennyng, to remounte vpwarde; the sterres also, and aH the fyrmamente she maketh to retorne abacke / the soules pryuated & lowe, that be descended in-to helle, [36] constrayneth theym often by nyghte tyme to speke

Chapter 24. How dydo, in grete bewaylynges, prayd her suster to make a grete fyre in a place most secrete in her palays, for to brenn ye harnoys and raymentes of eneas and how by dyuerse sortes she supposed to haue destroyed hym — Capitulo xxiv

wyth her she maketh therthe to calle & crye, whan she tredeth vpon, and somtyme tourmenteth it in so dyuerse manere that she a to-shaketh it, & pulleth oute the grete trees, & maketh them to falle doune [4] from the mountaynes, by her grete wyndes & terryble orages & tempestes that she draweth & sendeth in to dyuerse contreys. But I swere to ye, my dere suster herself of the aid germayn, by alle thy goddes & thy hede debonayr / [8] that in a thartes & scyences magicque, wherof this lady & prestresse entromytreteth herse[1]f / I wolde neuer sett my selfe therto, nor enquere no thing therof/ and this that I haue enterprysed for to doo / it is by grete [12] prayer & constraynt, & in my body defendyng / alwayes sith that I haue enterprised fermly my wyttes therunto / it byhoueth me thenne to doo that all that therto apparteyneth for to brynge better oure werke to an ende / [16] [* leaf F7, back] *And bi cause that it is of costume & necessarie to haue euer fyre without ceasse, I requyre the, my swete suster, & praye, that in som place of my palaice moost secret, that men be not aware of it, thou doo a grete [20] fyre to be made / And the armures of ye man without pite, ye false eneas, for whome I calle' alas that euer he was borne' whiche he hathe lefte hanginge in my Dido begs Anna chambre, with ate his habilimentes & other thinges, his [24] of owne, lefte behinde in my priue closet, where I was palace and burn perisshed & lay many a night, he & I togider, must ałe be cast in to that grete fyer, for to brenne & conuerte theym in to asshes / as doeth tele & commaund- [28] eth, that woman of grete science / that men must doo perishe & oblishe, distroye & take ale out of memorie, ale that is abiden behinde of that traytour & crueH approued. ¶ How dydo in grete bewayHynges, praied her suster to make a grete fyre in a place moost secrete of her palayce, for to brenne

the harneys & raymentes of Eneas / & how, by dyuers sortes, she wende to haue dystroyed him. Capitulo xxiiij. Fter y whiche thinges, dydo kept herself stil, 4AF without eny wordes more to speke, aH pale & discoloured as a body that is taken out of ye erthe, or fro som grete & sodaine peril, wherof anne her suster was [8] moche abasshed / alwayes she doubted her self in noo wyse, that her suster wolde entende to doo a newe sacryfice, that afore that tyme had neuer be doon / that is, to sacryfye hir self with funeraites mortale, by fyre [12] horrible; & knewe not that she was accensed nor esprised in her corage of so grete a furour, nor that her sorowe had be wers / than was that, that she suffred atte the dethe of her late husbonde Sycheus. And went [16] and determyned her self for to fulfile the commaundement of her sayd suster Elysse, and to doo ale by ordre that that she had charged her for to doo / The whiche thinges thus doon of the queene dydo / wiH- [20] yng to procede to *her sayd sacryfice, went to see the place where the grete fyre shulde be kendled, whiche she founde ale redy made, garnissed with a grete quantyte of logges, and vnder hem and rounde aboute, [24] grete foison of drie fagottes & other small wood for to Dido goes to the kendle the fyre lyghtly / & toke herself for to encence it, and to suffounge the place / And crowned it with garlandes made of herbes and braunches, that men haue [28] of costume¹ to putte vpon the corces of the dede bodies, vpon theyre graues and tombes, and also ouer the ymage and fygure of eneas, that she had doo make after the semblaunce [2] of hym, for to be brente ther [32] with her. And toke the swerde that he had left with her, that she hidded in the same place, for to accomplysshe ye werke that she thought for to doo / Aftre,

she wolde goo with the sayde prestresse to her sacryfice of magique that she had ordeined to be doo / and were the temples and awtiers weHe prepared and garnyished, of oblacions and other thinges necessarye [4] and conuenable to this present obsequye. And thenne came out the olde witche of charmouse magyque, in her raymentes made in dyucrse maneres, alle her hed shauen, for to fuldoo her sacrifyces / Atte the begyn- [8] nynge of whiche, she inuoqued and called thre tymes by hidous wordes, thre hundred goddes infernal / and the grete habitacyon of heH sem-pyternaHe wyth their confusion the moder of magyque, in her triple pro- [12] porcyon, and the thre faces of the mone that shyneth by the quarfours, somtyme wyth two grete hornes, & somtyme as it were cutte by the myddes / A nother tyme she appyereth aHe rounde, wherof many one ben [16] merueyled By cause that they ygnore the causes / the whiche, yf they knewe theym, they sholde not happely merueylle. Also from wythin it is obscured moche more in some places than in some other. So [20] [* leaf F 8, back] that men myght saye that it encloseth,* that it is the tryple fygure of the vierge dyane, wherof maketh her Inuocacion this lady olde magicienne / And thus the sprinkling of dooynge, she dide asperse the place with the waters [24] obscure, venemouse and blak, representyng the lycoure of the hydous fontaynes of hele / After, she maketh to be brought to her certayne herbes, freshe and newe mowen & taken by nyght whan the mone shyneth, [28] with sercles of coper, wherof the Iuse is passyng venymouse, and of coloure ale blake. And with this she taketh the lytel skynne that remayneth of the secondyne within the forhed of the lyte foole, that must be [32] scraped awaye from hys forhed whan he is newly borne, afore that the moder lycketh it of/whereof, after that doon, he shale not be knowen of his sayde moder as it is sayde, so that she refuseth to gyue [36]

hym souke / as it were not her owne / And also it is named and called the skynne 'mortale loue,' bi cause that after the saide prestresse, the foole shal neuer [4] haue luste to souke hys moder, but yf she liketh or eteth the secondying, or atte leste that same skinne that he hathe in his forhede; and men shulde saie that by the same cause shulde procede the moderly loue / [8] yf it were not that inclynacion natureHe purposed ageynst the same / But ałe that is sayde aboue, made the forsayde magycyenne, Dydo beynge ther present, that helde in her handes a grete stone aHe rounde, with [12] one fote bare, and the other hosse on / AHe vngyrde, and vpon her knees, as a vassal that doeth homage to his lorde, of a parfytte corage, as she that is redy to Immole herself vnto aH the goddes, in syght of aHe the [16] sterres, that ben coulpable of her falle by their coniunctions, and moeuynge, and influences celestyale, that sygnyfye and denounce the dysposycion secret of the deuine prouydence / saynge, that yf ther be eny mercy- [20] full god and pyteous, that medleth hym to receyue and beholde *the consideracyon of louers, that maketh theim to enterteyne well togider wythoute varyaunce that it wył playse hym, for his pyte, to corrige and punysshe prays for retribu- [24] thoffence that Eneas hath commytted ayenst her, and wyHe retrybue hym iustely, ale after his demeryte. After ale the whiche sacryfices / oblacyons, prayers & requestes, thus made in grete deuocyon and affectyon [28] synguler, as aboue is sayd / and that the tyme after the daye is paste and goon, whiche is couenable in al landes for the bodyes humayn that haue traueylled, to take reste, that thenne is to theym playsaunt and [32] agreable, was come to his ordre / that tyme that the grete woodes & forestes / the see also / and at thynges that ben cruel & nuysyble, take in hem selfe reste and slepe / And whiles that the sterres ben in theyr courses [36] we yocked, whan alle the feldes ben in silence, the

Chapter 25. How dydo made her lamentacyons repreuyng the periurement of laomedon — Capitulo xxv

But Dido cannot sleep. byrdes / and bestes brute; and whan the grete poundes and ryuers, ale thynges aquatyque / the busshes and the large playnes / & ale that the erthe conteyneth, are in grete ceasse, and in reste vnder the grete maunteĦ [4] of ye nygħte, that gyueth triews to ale labours / and by slepyng maketh swete ale peynes and traueylles that men hath suffred afore / AHe this neuerthelesse / she, fenyce, elysshe, or dydo, that thenne abydeth deso- [8] late and alone wythoute companye, can not by no wyse induce herself to gyue a reste vnto her eyen by a lity slepe, wherby she myghte aswage the presente anguysshes that she bereth atte her herte / but [12] redoublen her sorowes, and¹ her trystesses enforce more vpon her the fore loue reneweth hym selfe, that torneth soone to madnes, whan it can not be recouered : [*sign. G j, back] * Dido's doubts; How dydo made her lamentacyons re- [16] preuynge the periuremente of Laomedon. Capitulum xxv His lady, by grete distresse tourmenteth & al to- *TH Tinted her self. aftre, she thinketh in her courage [20] renteth what she may do / "alas!" sayth she, " poure & wery, where shalt thou mowe become / must I nowe thenne / sith that I am alle ashamed / that I habandoune my selfe, and retourne towarde theym that firste haue requyred [24] shall she seek the me, and that I requyre humbly the companye of the friendship of the Myrondes, myroundes, & of theym that so ofte I haue caste in-to dyssdayne, & refused to haue me in maryage / Certes I ought not to doo the same / and bettre it were to [28] me for to folowe the nauye of the troyens, and to submytte myself alle togydre to theire mercy / They haply shale haue recordaunce of the grete aydes and benefaytes that ben comen vnto theym by me / For [32] often commeth in mynde, to theym of good recordaunce, or follow the Trojan fleet?

the benefayttes that somtyme were doon vnto theym. And supposed that ene-as wold not haue me, nor take me in to his shippe, ther shall be some of the oost, [4] after that he shall haue refused me, that shal be content to take me but sorowful, caytyue & lost. who bringeth thee in-to this folye / to thinke that this might be / art thou madde, or out of thi mynde? / hast [8] thou lost thi knowlege? knowest thou not that the troienne folke is alle yssued & descended of the forsworne laomedon / this laomedon was the first fader that dyde enhabyte the grete troie, and brought there a grete [12] nombre of peple that made right faire edifices, & also multyplied within a liteH tyme in grete quantite, & weł grete in nombre, for ye good polycie that they kept, & also for ye fertylyte of ye grounde of that countreye / [16] And by cause that laomedon was al ynoughe occupyed of ye cyte, & that hym thought ouer moche diffycile & to longe a thinge / to make the wales closed rounde [20] aboute y towne, he made a composicion with phebus & neptunus, that ben *goddis grete and mygħty /by the whiche he promysed theym, and conuenaunted by his othe, to gyue theym a tonne full of golde, yf they were [24] playsed to make the walles rounde aboute the cyte of troye / The whiche goddes, hauynge confydence in trustynge his sayd promysse, dyde close hit wyth ryght fayre hie and grete walles. And thus doon, they [28] somoned hym for to paye them, that/whiche he had promysed theym / wherof he wolde neuer doo ne paye ony thynge/And for this cause they submytted hym to suffre, bere, & susteyne perpetuely for euer more, His curse. [32] the detestable hate and reproche of a man forsworne. ing the walls of Troy.

Chapter 26. Of ye vysion that eneas had for to depart towarde ytalye — Capitulo xxvi

Of the vysion that Eneas hadde for to departe towarde ytalye. Capitulum xxvi. TR of trians tre [4] His lady whan she dyde remembre the fors weryng laomedon, of whom the troians are descended, [4] made grete doubte to folowe theym/ and stryuyng wythin her tryst thoughte to herself / sayd in this manere "Alas, myserable sorowful! what may I doo now / oughte I to leue at the fenyces, & theym that [8] I haue wythdrawen from thyr, for to goo wyth the troians; or that, by puyssaunce & bi my hande strongly armed I shold goo to destroye their nauye, & brynge theym to perdycyon? wythout fawte, I wote not what [12] Finds it hard to to saye; and me semeth to harde a thyng for to bring her subjects into trouble habandoune my good subgettes, whiche by we subtyl with the Trojans. meanes & grete difficulte I haue brought out of thyr, & out of the lande of fenyce, to expose & bryng [16] theym now sone in daungers of the see, & to the harde pery of batay / namly ayenste theym of Troye / whom they haue no quarelle / Verely, whan I me Thinks she had aduysel it is better that I deye, as I haue wele [20] deserued, And that my sorowe poure & myserable/ be sone fynysshed by swerde. O, what hast thou doon, my swete suster germayne, of my teeres & emense [*sign. Gij, bk] Wepynges / thou hast ben the first cause of the *grete [24] furoure where I am now in / thou hast charged vpon my sholdres all the grete euylles that I bere & supporte; thou haste absorbed me, & reclosed, in the grete see of amarytude/ thou haste founde me wełł pesible, but thou [28] hast betaken me for to werre ayenst myn owne peas; thou hast broughte me from solysitude, & remysed into resolysitude; thou hast taken rest fro me, & hast brought me in-to ryght grete turbacion / thou hast abolysshed [32] my fraunchise, for to entre in-to grete seruytude; thou

hast dyuerted my honour in-to dishonest infamye/thou hast conuerted my cyte in feere & drede perdurable; thou hast all peruerted my wyttes, & reduced in-to [4] madnesse & forsenerie / thou haste deliuerde me my traytour & peruerse enmye, vnder hope of loue & benyuolence. what eyleth me, tryst, poure / weri, & fuł of teerys. O fortune euyH fortuned / why haste thou not [8] permytted me & suffred, that wythout forfayte or ony cryme / I myght haue vsed the residue of my dolaunt lyf chastly, alone, wythoute companye of man, as the bestes in the forestes doo lye, as it apiereth full often, [12] aH alone by theym selfe. Yf thus I had mayntened myselfe I sholde neuer haue come ne fale in y sorowes & displaysures / complayntes & clamours, where I am now in, al doled, & of grete furour forsened / [16] more than euer was woman of moder borne/vnto this tyme presente; but I beleue veritable that it is for to take vengeaunce of the feyth & of the grete othe that I had first promysed to my husbonde sicheus / whiche [20] I haue violated falsly, & broken wylfuły / wherof I am fale in grete tormente, replenysshed with langour mortal Alas! what harde destynacye happed to me that daye / that I was so ferre doled from my wytte, [24] & so madde, to habandoune my selfe to a man alone / & at one owre in somoche that I abyde al alone wythout companye, habandouned fro all comfort"/thus [28] made this fenyce her rewthes & her sighynges * in suche a sorowe & so dolant termes that she fowndred at in teeris / duringe the whiche, aftre that alle ye nauye of eneas was takled, & wel nyghe redy for to departe, ther [32] appiered to eneas, that nyght that he entred his shippe & was leyde a slepe, a certayne god, in that propre fygure that mercure appiered to hym first, for to admonneste him of his departynge, in suche manere of semblaunce [36] of voyce / of coloure / of heeris of golde, as well pro-

porcyned of membres & fayre facion / of yongthe & of fayre beaulte, that sayde to him in this manere / "O eneas, ye sone of a goddesse / how art thou so moche forsened to take rest of slepe in this grote daunger wher [4] thou art now ynne? knowest thou not ye fortunes & perillous aduentures that enuyronne ye on aH sydes? seest not thou ye tyme couenable for to sayHe, and the swete wyndes propice / why consumest thy self slepynge, [8] without exploityng ye in thy vyage, thou knowest not / what the fayre dydo prepareth for the/ whiche is tourned in turbacyon, thynkyng in herself what frawde or decepcyon, or som grete myschef, for to doo to the [12] a greuaunce / why feerest thou not lest she doo ye to destruction, sith that she wyl brynge herself to the dethe? thynke thenne what euyHes, what harde aduentures, what displaisirs & what grete decepcions & iniuries, [16] she ymagyneth ayenst the / but more ther is: yf thou departe not with a diligence, thou shalt soone see the see ale couered with¹ vesselles of werre, with grete strengthe, commynge ayenst the, with torches lyght, [20] And cressettes esprysed of fyre brenny[n]g, for to brule and brenne thy, nauye / And wythout respyte ne remedye thou shalbe dystroyed, yf thou be founde whan the [s]prynge of the day shalbe comen / Aryse vp quykly [24] without taryenge, and abyde here noo lenger / For a woman is founde euermore subtyHe in alle her dedes / As sayth the fable / A grete daunger is thenne to the, [* leaf G iij back] for whom she is thus / *endulled, and fallen in [28] dysperacyon, to abyde in hyr iurisdyccyon nor to reside in her contree / And to thende that thou be not myscheued, yf thou loue me, thou shalt departe forwyth." ale the whiche thynges thus sayd, the god [32] of whom I haue spoken here, presentely remysed hym selfe in to a derke cloude, & vanysshed awaye sodaynly.

Chapter 27. How Eneas encyted the patrons & maystres of his shyppes for to departe — Capitulo xxvii

How Eneas encyted the patrons & maysters of his shippes for to depart. Capitulum xxvijo Nd thenne eneas, aH affrayed of his grete vysion, Aeneas awakes awaked sodaynly from his slepe / and thenne he called to hym all the patrons & all the maystres of the shipes, & incytyng the maryners for to departe in [8] al dyligence, he made some to hale vp the saylles, & thother for to drawe thancres / & made theym to take their oores in hande, recountynge & shewyng vnto them a theffecte of his vysion/ & how & by what [12] rayson the grete god of heuen commaunded hym, by his messager, that he must departe ryght soone / And newe for to sprede & dysploye the sayles & cordes that [16] were wythin the shyppes, & to make soone redy al thappareylle, & alle that neded thenne for to departe incontynent / alwayes recommendyng hymselfe & aH his to this grete god of maieste that had thus incyted [20] & somoned hym / and to hym sayd in this manere: "We folowe the, right holy god debonayr / whosomeuer thou be, in grete deuocion, redy for to obey thy commaundementes, ioyful & glade wythout extymacion; [24] and to the we praye deuoutely, that thou be of vs conduyttor, & benygnly helpyng to the prosperous dysposicion of ye cours celestial & regyon steHyferaunt / yf her moeuyng were irryted ayenste vs by pestyfere prays to Jove, [28] influences, & bryng vs sauffe & peassyble to the portes of ytalye!" And anone drewe out his swerde clere & bright, & cutte asondre the cables that with-helde the shippe within the hauen, & also made the mariners to rowe myghtyli for to be hastely thens; the whiche with ale dyligence forced hem to putte or sette their orys to the see, that soone was couered with the nauye

that sayHed, partyng the waters asonder, whiche semed brayenge right Impetuously by the tourment & flagitacyon wherof the see was bette in righte grete violence, by the opressions of the shippes, that opressid her in [4] their saiHyng, so that thei carfe waie in the water / & yet the oorys that entred within her entraiHes, smotte asonder her auncient wawes, whiche she myght not suffre nor pacyently bere / but reputed it to be doon [8] in opprobre and confusion, inhomynyouse & fuH of despyte / wherof it happed soone after, that the see wexed right sore inpacyent & indigned; wherfor they suffred moche whan the see was weł chaffed, and by [12] their fayte ayenste them sore moeued, as it is more playnly spoken in the .v / boke of eneydos, where as the harde & sorowful admyracions that thenne made palmyerus, that was maistre of eneas shippe, ben declared, [16] whan he myght not withstande ne contreste the tourment, fortune & tribulacion of the see, but that she was maister ouer him & gouerneresse, and was constrayned to habaundoune ale his nauye to the fortune, that [20] cast hem in to the ysle of cicyle, wherof was kynge atte that tyme, accestes, comen of the lynage troianne; and ther was be-grauen anchyses, the fader of eneas, that deyde in makynge the vyage from troye in-to lybye / [24] And ale thus they left the hauene of cartage, takynge their way towarde ytalye / But or euer they coude make alle these dilygences for to departe, And that they were as yet nygh the hauen in syght of the cyte / [28] And that the fayre lady Aurora, that holdeth the spryng of the daye enclosed wythyn her chambre wyth her swete spouse Tytan, Was rysen out of her couche / weł arayed, and had opened to hym the gate for to [32] go sprede abrode his newe lyght to iHustre & iHumyne the landes, & delyuer theym from the derknes of the nyghte/The quene dydo, that was not a slepe, seeng the first openyng of the daye, sore besi to chasse the [36]

tenebres calompniouse away arose vp lyghtly for to see out of her chambre wyndowes, & loked towarde the hauen, whiche she perceyued a voyde & smothe, [4] wythoute ony shippe there / And after castyng her sight ferder towarde the see / she sawe the saylles, wyth the flote of the shippes that made good waye. thenne byganne she, for grete distresse, to bete & smyte thre or Her frantic grief. [8] four tymes wyth her fyste strongly ayenst her brest / & to pulle her fayr heres from her hed, as mad & beside herself / And spekyng to hirself / sayd in this manere ye wordes that folowe / "O iupiter, souerayn god, and [12] pryncipal of all other, shall thus departe saufly the she invokes. false & euyl man eneas, that tratoursly hath mocked Jupiter, me, & fraudulently seducted / Is it not to me wel licyte to send after hym, & by force of armes to [16] dystroye hym, and bryng alle to deth / And that alle they of my towne & cyte, goo to confounde and destroye hym alle attones / and breke and brynge his nauye al to noughte/ Goo, goo hastely, and destroye [20] alle incontynent / sette aH on a fire! kylle & slee, and brynge theym ale to perdycion / haue awaye thise oores & saylles! brenne, & brynge all in-to asshes/take hede that nothing escape! haue no mercy ne pyte of ony and prays for vengeance on the [24] man that lyueth / foundre & droune altogider in-to the Trojans. botome of the see, & perysshe all in a somme, to thende, that of theym be no memorye nor nomore spoken emong y lyuyng peple vpon erthe/ Alas, poure dydo, [28] what sayst thou? in an euyl houre thou were borne/ what thynkest thou doo / I trowe that thou art ferre out of thi good wytte, or eHis taken wyth right ewiłł peruerse fantasyes, or that the goddes that ben wythout*te [32] pyte & mysery corde, wyH peruerte & retourne thi grete clemence in-to furiouse cruelte / Alas, it is not possyble at this houre that thou sholdest now ouertake them / but this thou sholdest haue doon that tyme that [36] thou receyued theym, whan they cam first, & arryued

in-to thy londe afore that ony alyaunces hadde ben, by the, made wyth theym / Men sholde mow saye of the now that thou were cause of his goynge / and that he bereth away wyth hym the pryue goddes that ben of thy [4] royame, for to assyste to the obsequyes & consecracyon of anchyses, his olde fader / and that he is departed wyth thyne assuraunce / by cause that in no wyse thou hast not letted nor gaynsayd his goyng openly/whan he [8] dyde make his appareyl, for to make redy a his [orig. & and] nauye / whiche thyng thou knew, and¹ was doon in thy Myghteste not thou, whan he was wythin thy royame & wyth the, haue dystroyed his persone, [12] and his body to haue ben howen in pyeces / and also his felawes to haue ben caste in-to the depe see / And in lyke wyse, his sone Ascanyus myghtest thou haue made to be alle tohewen and chopped smałe, And to [16] be soden and dressed, as it had be good mete, for to haue made hym to be eten of hys fader / And to haue sette hym in stede of other seruyse atte hys table / And yf he wolde haue be wrothe ther-wyth, and [20] moeued werre ayenste me, Howe weHe that the fortune of ba[ta]yHe is doubtouse. Yet netheles I myghte haue doo brenned his shippes / and conuerte hem aH to asshes, to thende they myght not haue gone for to [24] purchase ony socours / And durynge the same, I myghte haue doon brynge to the dethe, the fader aswell as the sone, wyth all their parentes and frendes of all their lynage, and myghte haue slayne, brent hem, or otherwyse [28] haue doon wyth theym after my playsur & wyH; and [* leaf G 5, back] thenne wythin ye fire I myghte * haue cast my self, for to be ded after that I had be auenged of his falsenes She invokes the & oultrage / O fayre sonne, that shyneste full bright, that [32] iHumynest with thy beemes all ye werkes & operacions of ye erthe /O Iuno, the noble goddesse, vnder whome alle werkes & operacyions humayne, with their solicitudes, are gouerned and submysed after theire disposicion, [36] and Juno,

euerych in certeyne or-dy[n]aunce to theym sette & stablyshed by thy deuyne prouydence; highe, puissaunte, Diana, grete patronesse, lady & mastresse of alle artes & scyences [4] magyques, ryght often called with voyces vlutatyue, by the grete quarfours, and by wayes within townes & cytees and eHis wher / In tyme of nyght obscure / O cru[e]He vltryces, wycked vengeresses / Furyes infernaHe [8] & Iusticers of heHe; O alle goddes & goddesses, haue pyte on me, sorowful Elysse, concluded & delibered to the deth, to ye whiche I goo delyuere me vnto / Entende to my wordes, and enduce the cruele goddes to punyshe [12] the euyH men as they haue deserued / & playse you to receyue my prayers & oracions inuectyue that I doo make presently to you, yf it be so that the sacred destynacyes of ye souerayne god Iupyter haue ordeyned that that [16] traitour eneas, & vntrewe man, shale come sauely¹ in-to som hauen for to descende alonde hole & sounde, or that the ende of his lif be not yet come to his terme that prefixed was to him atte ye first tyme of his birthe, at lest [20] I prai you & requyre, that he may be vaynquisshed & recountred of hardy peple cruell / strong & rebell, & alle contrary to him, vexed, broken, & traueilled of grete batailles & assawtes/rebuked, reduced, & chassed from [24] his lande & lordshipes / alwayes putte ther-from without to recouere eny place of his lande, whiche alwayes be so stronge & myghty ayenst hym, that he be expelled euermore ther-from, namely of Ascanyus his sone, and [28] pryuated,2 ouercome, and exyled out of alle / his kynnesmen &* frendes. to hym also be gyuen by necessite to requyre ayde & socours wyth gret requestes & prayers/ and yf it happen that some other doo hym ony plaisur or [32] som good, he haue therfore a myscheffe, sorow, peyn, & perpetuel myserye / In grete assawtes & in bataylles, be he slayne, & put to a cruel deth, ferful & horryble / Ale his folke, wythout mysericorde afore his eyen [36] present, be put to anguysshe, & not mow socoure H [2]

[100] DIDO PRAYS for evil for Aeneas and the TROJANS. [CH. XXVII. theym, for to encreace his tormente / & whan he shal take ony triews or make peas or alyaunce that it be all at his owne prayer in confucion & greuaunce to his folysshe enterprise, & his dysuaauntage 1/ to his gret [4] vitupere, hurt & charge / in somoche that he may fall therfor in a rage & grete sorowe / And yf it be so, that god forbede! that by his tryews or alyaunce / som londe abydeth wyth hym for to make there his residence, he [8] neuer be in a suerte to soiurne there pesible / but al atones, & wythout taryeng, he be cast therfrom shambut live the life fuły / & lyue, like mendycaunt, a poure lyf and nedeful whiche maye come to hym sodaynly afore aH [12] other werke, Sooner than to be sure of ony goode fortune; And that after hys deth wythoute sepulture, as an hownde or other dounbe beste, be he caste in-to the depe shadowes of hel, ther to suffre tormentes right [16] horrible & cruel / this is in effecte that whiche I requyre. It is my request & prayer / that to you I do make wyth an hole herte, at the last poynt of my lif whiche I doo offre to you / redy for to deye at this [20] hourereceyue now ye my soule, wherof I make to you [2] a present / O ye tiryns, & all they of fenyce that enhabite presently cartage, aH your parentes & frendes alyed/ & ale they of your affinyte that now ben [24] present / And that are to be borne herafter, yf ye euer toke playsure to doo to me ony thynge aggreable, I requyre and admonest you, at thys tyme byfore alle other, that ye haue and bere enmyte [3] & mortal hate [28] [* leaf G 6, back] pardurable, ayenste *the false troians that goo for to conquere & wynne Italie. And yf it happe by ony wyse that they may haue dominacion, & conquere by theire puissaunce som lande or region / I exhorte & admoneste [32] you to make eternal werre ayenst theym / this requeste & ordenaunce that I make vnto you now, it is my bequest, it is my testament & my last wiH, my con-

dicyHe, & my wilynge inreuocable & permanent. And to thende that yf by som wyse ye wil not accomplysshe it, or that your children after youre dethe wold putte [4] hit in oblyuion / I haue ordeyned & stablished that hit shalbe writon in harde stone, wherof my sepulcre shalbe closed, & right nyghe my bones it shalbe sette vpon my visayge, to thende that it shal bere testymonage ayenst [8] you, yf in eny wyse ye putte hit out of memorie / that god forbede it shulde so come to / but deffyaunce, without to haue peas, and without benyuolence, werres / discordes & batailles, I wyl that ye haue euermore with [12] theym/ for of my bones & of myn asshes, after that they be rotyn in erthe, shall yssue atte leste, how longe some euer hit tarye, a vindicatour, and a man of ryght grete courage & hardinesse / that shall auenge this grete [16] treison of y false eneas & of all his folke, whiche shal brenne hem al in a fyre & in flamme, & shał slee & she prophesies distroie them in diuerse manere, som by wepen, ye other by hongresom shaH be drowne in y see, some he [20] shał make to be byhedde, & theire membres to be broken & a to-hewen, ye other to be hanged/ & the other within his prisons shalbe flain from hed to fote; ye other he shal doo cast out of ye windowes doun to ye [24] pauement; & to other he shal make theire eien to be puted out; & many other euyHes he shall make them to endure. theire townes, theire castelles, cites, lordshipes & possessions, he shall take / theire captayns of werre, [28] knightes & barons, he shall doo destroye, & banysshe out of theire landes, & shall tourne them in to grete mendycyte. Theyre wyues, that thenne shall be come to the astate of wydowhed, their doughters, & also their [32] children / their grete treysours, & all that they be worthe, shall be rauysshed, habandouned / taken, & departed in-to an hondreth thousand shippes / chassed, caryed & transported & exyled from theyr contrey / [36] and putte oute of their nacyon / the one slayne, the

other in pr[i]son, in right grete seruage & captyuyte / they shalbe solde as wylde bestes / iniuried, defoyled, & beten / Theyr fayr doughters & their vyrgynes shall be Dido's fair fame, habandouned to men by force, & deflowred / and to a [4] ryght grete shame deliuered, & vyolated ayenst their wyHe. A hondred thousande euylles shall be appareylled for theym, more than men can recounte ne tele Thenne shall my shame be socoured, & the [8] maculates taken from me, by HanybaH) that shall be borne of myn asshes / whiche shal be a man of grete power & of grete renomee / preu, hardy, & cheualrouse aboue al men that shall be in his tyme, so that memore [12] shalbe therof as longe as heuyn & erthe shat last. but in yº meane while I make a request to you aH / & after to your children, whan they shall be borne, & to all their lygnage that of theym shall come, vnto thende of the [16] worlde/that they make werre by armes & by bataylles/ by see & by londe / by assawtes & shippes, ayenst y. traytours troians, aslonge as they shall lyue / & that y see whiche is in oure lond, & the ryuages & portes & [20] the wawes, be to them repulsyng, contrare & rebel, euer more." thise thynges sayd by dydo, enraged from hir thinks of prepargood wytte / troubled in courage more than euer she was, esprised fro al partes, sekyng meanes moost subtil [24] to thende of her myserable lyf, whiche she can support no lenger, soo weri she was of it / wyHyng to fynde som meane to voyde oute of hir castel aH them that were there as she had of custume whan she wold do [28] [* leaf G 7, back] sacrifyces, & that she myght abyde alone for to delyuer herself soon to deth / and that she were not empeshed there-from/she dyd całł presently a goode olde woman She sends Barce that made herself to be called barthe/ ye whiche long [32] tyme afore, whan she dwełłed in thyr, was noryce, as it was sayd, of hir late husbonde Sicheus / and kept herself yet alwayes stył wyth the sayd Elysse / as are wonte to doo thise auncyent good ladyes wyth theire [36]

firste mastresses ;-but she called not her owne noryce that had kepte her in her childhode, by cause that she was decessed in the regyon of fenyce ;—And sayd in this [4] maner to the for-sayd barthe, for to be rydded of her: "My good moder barthe, goo lyghtly towarde my suster anne, & tele her that she make hast for to rise, & araye herself as it was of custome whan men wolde doo [8] sacrifyce and that she brynge wyth her promptely the shepe & other bestes, wyth the other pynacles dedycated to the sacryfice, that long agoo I dyde shewe to her / And also it behoueth of thy parte, for to [12] admynystre the werkes, that thou take the vestymentes, & the myter vpon thy hede, for to fulmake thoblacyon to pluto, the grete god of heH, admyral of the styge/ whiche is a grete pounde of fyre brenninge, that renneth [16] thrugh all hele / composed & made of brymston & of pitche: this immolacion I haue purposed to doo vnto hym wyth my besy thought, for to put an ende to my grete tribulacions & care ennuyouse / for the whiche cause [20] I wyHe kindle a grete fire, for to brenne the raymentes of eneas, his ymage, that¹ are lefte wyth me / wherwyth I shał do sacrifyce to ye grete flood infernal, to thende he be moeued wyth hate ayenst hym / whan by deth [24] his trist soule shalbe delyuered to him after thise thynges." this said, barthe went hir waye hastely, as her olde age myght suffre it; & lefte there her mastres dido, that quyuered & shoke of grete rage, & entred into a [28] grete fransie, desiryng taccomplysshe that purpos of hir deth / wherof ye dredful remembraunce, redy to be executed, troubled hir in suche wy*se, that it made aĦ hir wyttes to torne in to a wyked kynde, and in a mynde for [32] to destroye the first composicion, coagulate in couenable proporcion for the entreteyny[n]ge of the spiryte vitaH; wherof her fayre eyen, grene [2] and lawghynge, were incontynent tourned in-to a right hidouse lokynge mobyle, [36] & sangwynouse to see the swete bale of the eye,

[104] DIDO GOES Alone to the ROOM WHERE IS THE ALTAR. [CH. XXVII. Fido's appearance is changed whiche is the veraye receptacle interyor of lyght visible / and Iuge of the colours by reflection obgectyf, whiche she bryngeth vnto the Impression cogytyue of the entendement / wherof she maketh a present to the [4] suppost indicatyf, discernynge without interuałe the differences abstractyue adherynge to theyr subgecte, was sone made obscure, & her lyght empesched from the veraye Iugyng in parfyt knowlege/ her tendre [8] by her distress. chykes and vysage, that afore was playsaunt & debonnayre, of sangwyne coloure tournyng vpon white / becam ale pale sodaynly in hydouse manere, & al mortyfied for the cruele deth, wherof the harde ang- [12] wysshes had enuahyshed her alredy, & with grete furye betaken & cast, went & mounted the degres al¹ highe vpon her palayce, tyl that she came ther as ye wode was assembled for to kendle ther a fyre. In whiche place, [16] ye habilements, the bed, & that other thinges, with ye Image of eneas, & also his swerde, were brought for to be brente, & cast out of memorye; the whiche dydo, ale thus vexed & troubled in her wittes, drewe ye swerde [20] out of ye shethe for to murder & slee herself. but or euer she wolde doo this, she dide loke vpon yº habilimentes / the bed, & other remenaunt, that by other tymes afore had plaised her soo moche/ & thenne she began [24] somwhat for to lacryme & syghe vpon the bed, where she put herself, in proferryng her last wordes in this manere "O right swete dispoillynges plaisaunt, wel loued & honoured of me somtyme, aslonge as god & [28] fortune wolde, I beseche you take my sowle, and delyuere her out of thys care, And from these sorowfuHe [* leaf G 8, back] peynes / * in whiche I am absorbed in the grete viage of heuynes / I haue lyued vnto this tyme presente, and [32] haue fynysshed the cours of my lyffe that fortune had gyuen to me. It is now tyme presently that the ymage of my semblaunce be sent vnder the erthe/ I haue had of peynes and trauey Hes by my brother pygmalyon, 36

Chapter 28. How dydo, ful of grete rage, & dyspourueyd of wytte, slewe hirselfe wyth the swerde of Eneas, & how be it that to-fore is made mencyon of this occysion, It was no thynge but for to shewe the dyuercyte of fortune, And here thexecusion of the dede is shewed — Capitulo xxviii

that made to deye cruelly my first husband sycheus, wherof I haue ben ynoughe¹ auenged by me, and holde me content therof; I haue edified my cite, fayre, noble, [4] puissaunt and riche; I haue seen the wales, and batelmentes, & the deffenses, accomplysshed. O felycyte merueiHouse, wherof I shulde be well happy, and aboue ałe other honoured, wel loued and holden fulle dere, yf [8] the nauye of the troyens had not come wythin my stremes of the see! O hard commynge, and cursed recepcion intrynseque/false, daungerouse, and full of grete dispite, that hathe brought me in-to confusion / [12] O tryste machynacyon of trayson, approued full of frawdulouse induction / that hath delyuered me to a shameful dethe, whiche shall come to me sodaynly, and presently without taryenge." And ascryed wyth a [16] hyghe voyce, saynge in thys wyse : "Must I thenne deye thus falsly, wythout to be auenged of that traytour theffe, and crueH, by whome I am vitupered so sore and defyled/Nowe thenne sith it is so, I will soone deye [20] hastly, and sende my goost sodaynly vnto the lowe shadowes I shulde deye more gladly yf Eneas were here present, for to see the dethe and grete tourmente that for hym I muste endure, to thende that he were [24] therof contryste, in remembraunce pardurable, aslong as that his lyffe shall laste; and syth that otherwise it can not be, I goo to my dethe, whiche to hym shalbe inputed and represented by the inspecyon of the grete [28] fyre that soone shalbe kendled in this place /" How dydo, fuH of grete rage, and dyspowrueyed of witte, * slewe herself with the swerde of eneas / And how be it that aboue is made mension of this ocsicion, it was nothing but for to shewe the

¶ Capitulum xxviij He whiche thynges thus made & sayde, without [4] eny more langage / dydo, full of rage, seased thenne the swerde of eneas, whiche she helde the poynte vpward, & vpon hit dede cast her self, so that the swerde entred within her brest, vnto the bake of [8] her / This lady thenne fele doune to the grownde, sore hurt with a wounde mortal, wherof she lost her speche, labourynge sore harde atte the entree of her dethe so cruel as many one doo whan they be atte the poynt [12] of deth, that tormente hemself strongli for the harde distresse that they haue atte the partynge of the spyryte of lyffe fro the bodye, that wyl not leue the membres pryncipal, of whom he is susteyned / but yf [16] it be by grete violence, atte leste whan the cause is meanely sodayne, & not aH mortyfied attones. all thus was this sorowful lady founde on the grounde,¹ that coude not ryse, her handes, & her persone alle couered [20] & defyled with blood without mesure, & the swerde that dropped yet of bloode, and ale blody, laye by her. wherof a grete sorowe, a grete crye, and grete clamour was thenne attones sodaynly made thrughe ate the [24] palayce, that perced the wales & tours vnto the myddes of the toune / ther shulde ye haue seen make grete lamentacyons, grete cryes/grete playntes and grete moone; wymen wepe, sighe, & makyng sorowe ; [28] & all ye peple was all forsened with wrathe/ Wherof the cytee was sore moeued in grete desolacyon, by suche wise & forme as though y° enmyes capitalle of the towne had entred by force of armes wythin [32] the same, for to brynge theym ale to destruction. or as that the grete and auncyent towne of thyr,

that hath *nourysshed theym, and the same cyte of cartage, had be bothe embrased wyth fire alle kyndled in a flamme / By the whiche grete noyse and The noise reaches [4] disaraye, anne, the suster of dydo, that was goon sone sacrifyce / vnderstandyng thenne well / that the sorow & grete moone that was made thrughe ate the towne, [8] was for her suster dydo, that had slayne herselfe / wherof she a atones forsened, as a persone that ys madde & out of her mynde / toke herselfe for to renne as faste as she myghte, passyng thrughe the multytude [12] of the people that was there, smytynge her brestes wyth her handes & fustes, and ale to-cratched her face wyth her nayles / And cryed alle highe & pyetously, made grete rewthes and lamentacyons / całyng vpon [16] dydo, sayeng in this wise /"My rigħte swete suster, alas, what haste thou doo / and by what maner & rayson hast thou broughte thi selfe thus to eternal perdycyon / and has deceyued me wyckedly & falsely wyth a bytter [20] deth / whiche I wolde gladly haue suffred & endured wyth the Alas, what nede was it to me to make redy the sacrifyces sith that a fyre for all other obsequyes & a swerde wel sharpe slyped, myghte haue broughte [24] the two susters to deth bothe atones, wythout to haue be departed one from the othre. Alas, what shale I saye, ne what begynnynge maye I now take for to make my mone / Why haste you thus dyspraysed me Why did Dido [28] that am thy suster and true felawe? ale my lyf I ħaue honoured, worshiped, serued & praysed the/ and eke moche loued the. For to folowe the, I haue alle habandouned / I haue knowen thy werke. I haue [32] knowen thy wyll / and also thy secretes thou wolde neuer hide from me / Alas now, what furye ħath taken the atte this nede / whiche is the sorowe mortalle / [36] cause that I sholde haue had not knowen this faicte. deceive her?

"Alas! yf I myght haue knowen the same thynge, veraye Anna would have trouthe I wolde haue deyed with the /O what sorowe I doo supporte, whan I haue lost ale my force / and noon ther is that me recomforteth; but of alle sydes is [4] brought to me peyne & traueyHe without mesure / the grete wrathe and the grete care that wrongly, and magre myself, I doo endure, whan I me recorde of the Iniure that my suster hath falsly doon, not [8] onely to me but hathe defyled vylaynsly the good name and the enhaunsynge of the cytee that she hathe coummysed, and submysed to a grete vilete & brought disgrace of this fowHe befale, whiche euer shalbe imputed to a grete infamye, wherof they of cartage shale haue a blame, that shale torne vnto them to a grete diffamye. And moche more, bycause of theire good [16] fame that was knowen / that had be well entreteyned, and in grete worshp susteyned yf my suster had mayntened and kept herself wythout dysperacyon / Wherof ale hope / as well to theym as to me, failleth, [20] by her that hath extyncted oure goode renommee, & Brought vs in a grete blame; & nowe be we without pastoure, as the sheep that is habaundouned! Now thenne, sith that it is thus come / lete vs loke to her [24] wounde, and in her face, yf she is thrughly passed" / and thenne she toke her vp bytwene her armes, and with ryght grete sorowe and heuynesse / wasshed the blode awaye from about the sore, and made it clene fue [28] swetly wyth hir owne raymentes / And perceyued and knewe that yet some spyryte of lyffe was wythyn the persoune of Dydo, that forced her self for to open her eyen / And thre tymes made her effort to reyse [32] her self vpon her elbowe. But her strengthes sore fayHed, of the dethe that alredy hadde her alle in her [* sign. H ij, rewle, myght not therto suffyse, but that she *muste falle ayen attones vpon her bedde, where she hadde [36] back]

be layd And knowynge that she wasted alle awaye, she dyd forse her owne self for to open her eyen / to Dido opens her see the lyghte of the daye, that gryeued her sorowe [4] wel harde and sharpely, and by suche a wyse that she entred incontynente, in grete peyne, to the extreme angwysshe of the dethe, where she was ryght longe Wherof Iuno, the noble goddesse conseruatyue of [8] yongthe, that hadde pyte of the longe sorowe mortalle in whiche was constytuted the fayr Elysse or dydo / sente towarde hir, for to brynge atte an ende hir Immense trystesse, hir noble messager named Yris / [12] whiche, as some saen, is the rayen bowe, with hir fayr cote of dyuerse fygures, For to vnbynde the rotes of the spyrite vytalle from the membres of hir body, whiche were thenne in grete opposicyon and debate [16] one ayenste another / By cause that the humydyte radycalle, and other complexcyons in proporcyon conuenable, coenclyued¹ togyder, Dyde receyue the gooste soo that it coude not goo there-from by hit selfe, [20] wythoute ayde of other/ Also that hir deth naturalle oughte not to hauen comen yet of longe tyme But by accydente and harde fortune whiche is gladdely euy and dyuerse to theym that she by- [24] holdeth awrye, was broughte in to suche dysperacyon / not for noo crymynałe cause, nor for noon other thynge wherof she oughte to suffre dethe/ nor to endure ony peyne or sufferaunce / that she slewe her [28] self And thenne after that, arose proserpyne, wyffe and spouse to Pluto, the ryghte grete god infernalle / The power of whiche holdeth vnder her domynacon the persones over mortals. that be Inueterate of euy dayes / And they that ben [32] in grete sorowes, to whom she admynystred alle the deturpacyons and the * hardenesse of olde age / as to some while that they be slepynge / she setteth white herres on the grounde of their hedes; Some she [36] maketh scabbed and full of ytche, the feete to be grete Proserpine

and swollen / And thenne the gowte or the poplesie, the stytches or the paralesye, The debylyte or feblenes and of the eyen appayreth the sighte, and replenysseth theym alle wyth teeres / and the lyddes [4] of the eyen wyth fylthe, soo that whan they ryse in the mornynge, they must be wasshed wyth wyne or wyth some other lauatorye / And to other, she maketh theyr memorye to wexe feble, and conuerteth it in-to [8] ygnoraunce; She taketh from them the puyssaunce that they hadde fyrste, and hath awaye fro theym furtyuely, by proces of tyme, all theyr strengthes, one after another, by cause noon shalle be aware of her, for [12] doubte that she be not deceyued. And after, she maketh theym croked, and boweth theyr bodyes, hangynge theyr hedes to the grounde-warde, alle fut of care, and as countrefete, aswel the men as the [16] wymmen to the whiche, for to bere to theym a dyffame / taketh theyr fayr colour awaye, and maketh theym as pale as asshes / To other, she gyueth rednes, wyth a highe coloure ouer excessyue and dyshonneste; [20] and the yelowe heres of theyr heddes, she maketh theym to loke lyke rousset / or lyke the coloure of an olde bere / She after shorteth theyr retentyue brethe, and molyfyeth in theym alle theyr bloode: And noon [24] otherwyse it ys to be supposed, but that she doeth in lyke wyse of alle the remenaunte/ For she goeth ledynge alle in equal proporcyon, and maketh theym dystrybucyon by the temples and in the face, of grete [28] ryueles and fromples, that putte oute the beaulte of the playsaunte vysage, that she sheweth a wyth [* sign. H iij, cordage, aswelle in the nek as aboute the temples / back] We haue therof many exemples / Nomore therof [32] we wyłe now speke / It is so lothely to here / Also well harde it is to me, to teHe therof that I haue sayde afore / but to thende that eny gaynsaynge sholde be Imputed ayenst me / to haue obmyssed for to dyscute 36

Chapter 29. Of the beaute of dydo — Capitulo xxix

som of the condycyons and euył operacyons of the cursed proserpyne, that is more sore pryckynge than the thorne/ I haue sette thees here for to vnderstande [4] the other better, that men shałłe mowe take In lyke conformyte, as it is recyted aboue / Of the beaulte of dydo ¶ Capitulum/xxix His proserpyne, of whome I speke / how be it that of alle her werkes and subtyHe artyfyces wherof she is wonte to vse, had not in noo wyse wrought for dydo, nor hade not yet enprynted in her [12] persone eny sygne of olde age, nor other thynge wherby she shulde directely haue pretended vpon her eny ryght, Alwayes she wolde force her self to haue [16] hadde slayn herself by dysperacion, as for cause of soul, furye and of rage, whiche is a thinge Inhumayne, dependynge of the operacyons and wodnesses of hele, that she herself hathe enprynted in her persone, [20] wherunto she hath subdued and submytted herself, wherfore by reson she oughte to abyde vnder her / as we see by example famyler, whan som body hathe submytted hymself by oblygacion to the iurisdicyon of [24] some Iuge, the saide iuge is capable for to haue the knowlege therof, how be it that to-fore the oblygacyon was made the persone was exempt of his Iurisdicyon. And aftre thees raysons, and othre that were to longe [28] to be recounted, proserpyne sayde that elysse ought to abyde with her, as she that had submyted her self to sign. H iij] her lawes and Iurysdyctions / But the fayre Iris, that departed from heuene by the commaundement of the [32] goddesse Iuno, descendynge by the clowdes with her gylte feders at the oposyte of the sonne, ornated with Dido's head, a thousaunde colours / Came and sette her self vpon Iris descends on the hede of Dydo / And for an auns were to the

adlegacyons of Proserpyne, sayde to her thees thynges / "Thys is of rayson wryton, whan eny persone noble is in debate betwene two partyes, that the mooste parent heyre of the lynage, and that commeth of lawefułe [4] yssue, shalbe proferred afore that other partye, and shalle bere the name awaye wyth hym, namely whan he is of the fyrste yssue / And also that he hath the gretter parte in the herytage, and hath doon many [8] aquysycions, amendynges and reparacyons / ¶ Now it is soo, that the goddesse Iuno, whos ryghte for to deffende and kepe I am sent hither / hathe produced in her, beynge in this possessyons that is to wyte, [12] Elysse, wherof we vnderstande betwix vs two / And hathe made her to be borne, hathe brought her to the worlde, and hathe alymented and nory shed her from the owre of hyr birthe vnto this tyme present / And [16] hathe gyuen vnto her soo many fayre yeftes of nature / As in beaulte corporelle / yongthe, we ryght ega in the hede well [20] sette by mesure vpon the nek, fayre heerys and long yelowe tresses, hangyng betwene two sholders to the heles of her her forehed brod and highe ynoughe the browes traytice and broun, and the lydes of the [24] eyen acordyng to the same; the eyen grene, & open by mesure, lawghynge and of swete loke; a fayre & wel compassed visage ouer the forhede, al ynoughe coloured / sign. H iiij, Ameane noose, not to grete nor to lyteł, wythout ouer [28] grete openynge / A lyte mouthe with roddy lyppes / both in face and And atte the chickes, two lyteł pittes / & one, In lyke wyse, at the chynne / The tethe whyte / smalle, and well Ioyned togyder / A rounde chynne that was not [32] ouer longe; A whyte coloure, with a bryght hew there with-ale, some what tendynge to the rede the necke longe ynoughe by goode mesure, bygge ynoughe towarde the lowest part, and traytyse on the backe syde / the [36] back] figure.

throte quycke, and without spotte or macule / longe armes and smałe, the sholders and the backe flat, the brestes well sette, with a grete space betwix bothe the [4] pappes, that be rounde and sette of a heyght / smalle of body, and large atte the Raynes / The thyes harde and grete, withoute eny blemyshynge / Fatte ynoughe, aswełłe the body as the membres / The legges weł [8] Ioyned, and somwhat small on the neder parte / lyteHe feet and smałe, with the toes well euyn sette togyder / white vnder clothes, and fulle swete and smothe of skynne smale handes, soupple and thynne, with long [12] fyngers and smałe, and the naylles weH euyn; swete voyce, of fayre eloquence and well in langage, sadde of behauoure, and of symple contenaunce / plaisaunt for to see, & replenyshed of all good condicyons, like as it [16] were one of ye wymen best accomplished that nature had produced syth her begynnyng vnto that tyme. Wher- Iris describes Dido's beauty, fore thenne, sith that thou, proserpyne, can not shewe declines to give up her soul, noon other rayson but the sayde submyssion wherof [20] thou hast spoken here afore I saye, for to kepe equyte that ther was som deceptyon or frawdulent induction that hath made her to condescende therunto, as men may many festly apperceyue by the premysses a- [24] boue writon, that see theym all alonge; wherfore the falle well vnderstande, well *assoylled well & deffended, may welle haue releuement / But a nother waye I shal take with the, yf thou wylt be of accorde and content / [28] bicause thenne that, after thy poure and myserable descendynge in-to helle, in the coniunction makynge of the with Pluto, Thy fayre heerys were tourned to In-horyble and hydouse serpentes sette vpon thy hede, [32] shaH gyue to the, theym of dydo, for to make sacrefyces therwith vnto the derk shadowes, and tygres infernale Yf thou wiHe renounce ale the ryght that thou pretendest vpon her." Wherfore thenne Yrys made the fayre herys [36] of dydo to be cutte, and toke theym to proserpyne; hair having been

Chapter 30. How Eneas sayled, and how by tempest he aryued in Secyle — Capitulo xxx

And thenne she toke vp-on her selfe for to vnbynde Iris unbinds the the membres from the spyrite of lyffe, wherof the hete was soone extyncted, and was anone rauyshed with the wyndes, that bare her awaye a grete pas, and delyuered [4] her free and quytte to that place, after her demeryte, that to ale folke is propyce, as it is ordeyned by the prouydence deuyne, wherof the regne shale neuer fynyshe/ how Eneas saitted, & how by tempest he arryued in cecyHe ¶ Capitulum xxx

Hat shall I more saye of the quene dydo, nor of her sorowe that she made, nor also of the [12] grete moone that her folke made for her after that she was dede / But now I shall teHe of Eneas, that went in to Italye, for to haue the londe that ye goddes had promysed vnto hym / whan thenne they had ronne & [16] saylled so moche that they were in the highe see / a stronge weddre arose, that brought to them a grete tempeste, soo that they wist not what they shulde doo nor saye, & habaundouned theyr saylles, for to bere [20] theyre shippes atte ye wille of ye horrible wyndes, in whos power they were / ye mayster maryner said, after [* leaf H 5, back] his semynge, by ye sterres that he sawe, * that they made A storm turns their course. waye towarde Cecylle, wherof Accestes was kynge / [24] Whan Eneas herde thus speke the maryner, he was therof gladde and sayd, that to noone other londe he wolde more gladdely goo, yf the goddesse wolde; For Accestes was his frende, and of the lygnage of the [28] Troians; And also the sepulture of his fader Anchises was there / Soone after ceassed the tempeste / and they saylled soo longe that they arryued in Accestes londe/ that hadde grete Ioye whan he knewe of theyr [32] comynge / And soone after that they were entred in-to Acestes the King the hauen / Accestes ryght gladdely receyued theym wyth grete Ioye / Whan the morne come, Eneas spake

Chapter 31. How eneas toke ye see for to seke ye regyon of ytalye — Capitulo xxxi

Aeneas celebrates games at to Accestes, the kynge of the londe / and to his barons / and sayd to theym in this wyse / 'That the annyuersarye of his fader he wolde make, and that he was [4] ryght gladde that he was come there soo sone / And that he wyste weHe that hit was the wylle of the goddes' Thenne ordeyned and aduysed, Accestes and Eneas, for to make playes of dyuerse maners abowte [8] the tombe of Anchyses / Wherfore the yonge bachelers shewed there theyr prowesse, Tourned theyr horses, and ranne and lepte / and proued theym selfe one ageynste another / And atte this annyuersarye that [12] Eneas dyde doo make for his fader / was made moche of prowesse, For alle they that were there dide putte as they of Accestes [16] How Eneas toke the see for to seke the regyon of Ytalye:

Capitulum xxxj? han they were comen ayen from yº sepulture of anchises, theyr shyppes were set in a fyre, & had [20] ben al brent, yf it had not be a messager that anounced this to theym *there as they were / And sayde / that the ladyes that were within the shippes, hadde set theym In a fyre / Bycause they wolde fayne make [24] there theyre dweHynge place; for they hadde ben seuen yere and more out of theyre countreye, & were sore wery and broken of theyre longe vyage. ¶ Whan they vnderstode thyse tydynges, Ascanyus, [28] that was sette vpon a ryche courser, went with other in hys companye, and rescued the shyppes wyth grete peyne / but ałe wayes there were thre of theyme loste and brente / After thys was doon, Eneas was [32] counseyHed¹ that he shulde begynne to bylde ther a newe cytee, whiche he sholde people with the folke that were comen with hym, that were not able to bere infirm. I [2]

Eneas bids armes, nor for to goo to batayHe / And thus he dede it by the wyHe of Accestes / And deuysed the gretenes of the cytee, and sayde that it sholde be called the newe troye But they of the countrey named her aftrewarde [4] Accestre, for the worshype of Accestes, by whome aHe the lande was gouerned. In the same cytee, lefte Eneas the wymmen, and the chyldren, and the olde men/ and helped hymself with thoos that were stronge, and that [8] myghte wele endure the traueyHes of batayHe, for to haue theym with hym In Italye / A fewe men he hadde, but they were gode and socourable, bothe by see and by the lande / whan this was doon, and that Eneas [12] hadde doo make the tombe of hys fader / He toke hys leue of the kynge, and of hys owne folke that he lefte behynde for to enhabyte there, that made grete sorowe folke that sholde goo with hym In-to Italye, and entred hys shyppes that were wel appareyHed, And made the [* leaf H 6, back] sayHes to be * hyssed vppe, toke vp theyr ancres / and departed from the rode. Thenne myghte ye haue seen [20] the ladyes and other wepe fuH sore / makynge grete moone for their frendes and theyr chyldren that they sawe departe from theym. Eneas wente streyghte / towarde ytaly / but one thynge happed euyH to theym / [24] a slepe vpon the forcastel / felle doun in to the see, and was drowned, wherof Eneas was ful sory, and alle his folke also And soone after, they landed in an yle [28] whiche is called Tulyola, where was a cyte that was named Thetys, after Thetys the neuewe of Eneas, that gatte hit and peopled it, after that he hadde conquered alle Ytalye. ¶ I haue broughte this cyte to memorye, [32] by cause that many haue harde speke of Dedalus, that fleded there for fere of the kynge Mynos of Crete, that wolde slee hym ¶ I shalle telle you the cause why, and shalle leue awhyle to speke of Eneas / The wyffe of [36]

kynge Mynos of Crete, was named Pasyfa, that was a grete lady and a fayre, aboue alle other ladyes of the royame / Dedalus dwelled that tyme in Crete / and [4] was a wyse man called, and a goode man of werre. The quene Pasifa was wyth chylde by kynge Mynos / and whan her tyme was comen, she was delyuered of a creature that was halfe a man and halfe a bulle, whiche [8] was called Mynothaurus / and was norysshed by the The Minotaur, commaundemente of the kynge, that wende hit hadde be his sone, And became soo terryble, that the kynge. was counseylled for to shytte hym vp som where in a [12] stronge holde / And for this cause, was dedalus sente maundemente, this dedalus deuysed & made a house of merueyllouse composicyon, where were asmany [16] walles as were there chambres, that were in grete nombre; and euery chambre was walled and closed rounde aboute, and yet myghte one goo from one to a nother. And yf some body had be shette therin / he [20] coude never fynde the firste entree therof, for to come oute ayen; For an hondred dores were there; and whosomeuer went in, after he was ones paste the firste dore, he myghte neuer come oute ayen / and wyst not [24] where he was. Wythin this place was Mynotaurus broughte/ They of Athenes muste sende eueri yere souerayne lorde, seuen men and seuen wymen/ vnder [28] the age of xxv. yeres / And whan this foureten¹ persones were come to Crete / the kyng made theym to be putte wythin the forsayd house wyth his monstre, that deuoured theym fuH soone / Egeus was at that tyme [32] kynge of Athenes, whiche was sore an-angred in his herte of suche a seruage / And by cause he myghte not amende hit / he wente and soughte after an aunswere, to

the temple of Mynerue / for to knowe what he sholde Aegeus consults doo of this thynge. ¶ The goddesse Mynerue gaaffe hym answere/ that he sholde sende his sone Theseus in-to thraldome to [4] the kynge of Crete. This Theseus was a fayr knyghte / preu, valyaunt/ and hardy / And sayd to his fader that he sholde goo there / Syth that the goddes were soo playsed. he thenne made hym redy, and toke his [8] waye / And whan he toke hys leue of his fader / he commaunded to hym that he sholde bere whyte saylles in his shyppe, yf he happed to retourne sauffe wythout pereille / In sygne of vyctorye. And theseus sayd he sholde doo soo, yf the goddes wolde brynge hym ayenne alyue. kynge Mynos hadde a doughter that was called Adryane / whiche, whan she sawe * Theseus, that was so fayre and so amyable, [16] and that was come for to be in thraldome vnder her fader / she hadde pyte of hym / and for hys honneste behauoure Began to be taken with his loue / And vnto hym vpon a daye she sayde / that 'yf he wolde [20] brynge her in-to his countreye with hym / She shulde soone delyuere hym from the handes of her fader Mynos' / Theseus made this couenaunt with her and promysede her for to kepe it truly and weH/ The [24] Ariadne consults lady wente anone to Dedalus, and requyred and asked hym how she myght delyuere Theseus / Dedalus tolde her / that theseus shulde medle pyche and towe bothe togyder, and that he shulde bere thesame with hym / [28] And whan he shulde come afore the monstre, he shulde cast it before hym, whiche anoon sholde come for to ete it; But he shulde neuer conne chewe it so moche, that he sholde not swalowe hit, nor haue it out of hys [32] mouthe/ And whyles that the monstre were thus besy and sore occupyed / theseus myght slee hym lyghtly / And whan he shale come to the fyrst dore of the house, he must take wyth hym a botom of threde, and 36

Chapter 32. How kynge Egeus lete falle hym selfe in-to the see for the deth of his sone Theseus — Capitulo xxxii

the end of hit he shale make fast to the fyrste dore, and so goo forthe, wyndynge of this botom of threde tyl he be come to his aboue of hys entrepryse; And by [4] the threde, that he shale wynde vp to-gyder, he shale mowe retourne lyghtly to the fyrst dore where he went ynne' / Thus dyde Theseus, by the counseyHe of the lady, and slewe the monstre, and came ayen oute of the [8] place full soone / And anone after, he toke Adryane wyth hym, and secretely entred in-to his shyppe / and made as goode waye as the wyndes wolde / wythout the knowleche of Mynos the kynge Theseus was soo [12] gladde of this good*le aduenture that was happed to hym/that he forgate for to doo as his fader hadde commaunded hym atte his departyng from Athenes / that 'yf he scaped, he sholde sette vppe white sailes; and [16] yf he were perisshed, his men sholde come home ayen berynge blacke saylles and thus he sholde be in certayne of his lyffe or his deth:" How kyng Egeus lete falle hym selfe in to the see, for y° deth of his sone Theseus. Capitulum xxxij

Han Egeus sawe the shippe of his sone comyng ayen wyth y blacke saylle sprede abrode / [24] lyke as whan he departed from hym / he wende verely he hadde be ded/ And for grete sorowe that he hadde / The death of dyd caste hymself oute of the wyndowes of his caste in-to the see, and loste his lyf in this wyse. [28] And whan kynge Mynos wyst that Theseus was escaped by dedalus / he put hym in pryson, and his sone wyth hym / But Dedalus made wynges, and fastened theym to his armes, and to his sones armes, of federes, of pytche [32] and of wex, connyngly made / and floughe oute at the Flight of wyndowes fro the prison where they were. But sycarus, the sone of dedalus, floughe alle to highe/ wherby the wax wexed hoote, & beganne to melte, and the feders

Chapter 33. How Eneas arryued in ytalye — Capitulo xxxiii

Death of Icarus, was drowned; but his fader floughe soo longe, as Salamon telleth, that he came in-to the isle of Sardayne, and after went he to Thebes; And alle thus eschaped [4] dedalus oute of the pryson of Mynos kynge of Crete / Now shalle I leue to speke of this mater, and shalle telle of Eneas and of his werkes. How Eneas arryued in Ytalye.

Capitulum xxxiij Han Eeneas and his folke were arryued in the saide yle of Enlyola, they landed anone / And eneas went to a forest, where was a ryche temple [12] that dedalus had founded there In-to this temple went Eneas / and there he wolde reste hym self awhyle. There dwelled the goddesse Cryspyne, whiche shulde haue brought eneas in-to heHe, for to see the sowle of [16] Anchises his fadre / and the sowles of aHe his meynee that were decessed / but this mater I leue, for it is fayned, and not to be byleuyd / who that wiH knowe how eneas wente to heHe, late hym rede virgyle, [20] claudyan, or the pisteHes of Ouyde, & there he shal fynde more than trouthe. For whiche cause I leue it, and¹ wryte not of it. Whan Eneas had taken his reste there awhile he and his folke departed from thens / [24] And went so moche, that they came in ytalye, in a grete forest, where the ryuer of the tonyre renneth, and faHeth there in-to the see. thenne commaunded2 eneas his maryners, that they shulde sette hym alonde there, [28] and ate his folke and they dyde somoche that they came and entred wthin the hauene; for they sawe the countrey fayre and delectable, and the forest grete, & full of bestes Of this lande was lorde, kynge latynus, [32] that had noon heyre but a fayre doughter that was named lauyne / The kynge latyne, her fader, was of

Chapter 34. Here it is shewed how many kynges had ben in ytalye, to-fore that Eneas came thyder fyrste — Capitulo xxxiv

grete age and many one had requyred his doughter to be theire spouse. And amonge other, a bacheler of Turnus. ytalie shulde haue had her, whiche was called turnus, courted by [4] that was moche preu and hardy / but kynge latyne wolde not gyue her to hym, though the puceHe was in age able to be maryed to a prynce of a lande / ¶ Here It is shewed how many kynges had [8] ben In ytalye afore that eneas came ther fyrst. ¶ Capitulum xxxiiij fore that Eneas was come in to ytalye, there had be seuen kynges that successyuely hadde kepte [12] the londe: The firste was Lanus, whiche dyde enhabyte there firste, & peopted the contree / and after hym Saturnus / but this was not the fader of Iupyter, of whom the auctours speken. After saturnus, was Pyrrus [16] kynge of thys londe; after hym came Famus / and after hym, his sone Latynus, that thenne was a lyue, and kepte the royame. There reygne lasted a hondred & fyfty yeres afore that Eneas wedded Lauyne, by [20] whom he had the royame / And after theym regned eneas in ytalye / and they that yssued of hym, foure hundred and seuen yeres, vnto Romulus tyme / and thenne seuen kynges reygned there after him that [24] is to whyte, Pympeyns, Iulyus hostylius/ Marcus Romulus and his ancus/Pryscus tarquynus / Suluyus / TuHyus, Lucyus/years. thyse kynges reygned two hundred & xl? yeres / vnto Brutus, that fyrste was made consulle of the [28] londe / And fro brutus, & theym reygned, vnto Iulyus cesare that emperour, was v. hondred & iiij yeres. telle of eneas & of his folke, & that that after hym [32] they were come a londe / they sette hemselfe atte dyner, & made trenchers of brede for to putte theyr mete vpon / For they had nother dysshes ne trenchers / and atte laste they hadde soo lytel brede, that they ete

Chapter 35. How Eneas byganne to bylde his fortresse vpon the ryuer of tonyre — Capitulo xxxv

alle theyr trenchers, and all that was lefte / And whan ascanyus sawe this, he began to lawgh / And soone whan eneas vndrestode it / he wyste we that he was come in-to the contre that the goddes had promysed to [4] hym / For his fader hadde tolde hym in a vysion, that where he sholde happe to ete the releef or brokelynges¹ of his borde, there sholde be his dwelynge place / Eneas hadde this thyng sore faste in his mynde. And [8] whan he sawe that this was soo fallen / he was right [*sign. Ij, back] gladde *in his corage / and sayd to his folke, that he wyste well for certayne that they were in the royame that the goddes hadde promysed vnto theym, and that [12] theyr trauey sholde be fynysshed there. Thenne they made grete Ioye togyder, and broughtte oute theyr goddes from the shyppes, that they hadde broughte wyth theym oute of Troye; and to theym they made 16. sacryfices, and their orysons & prayers, that they wolde helpe theym. Thenne demaunded Eneas of som folke that he met by the waye, who kepte the contrey / and who was lorde therof/ And they tolde hym the kynge [20] Latyne, that was sore auncyente and hadde no children but a doughter / and that dweHed not ferre from thens, that is to wyte, atte Lawrence: ¶ How Eneas bygan to buylde his fortresse [24] vpon the Tonyre. Capitulum xxxv.

NOw shale I telle you why this cyte was called Laurence, for she was fyrste named Lamyna/ kynge Latynus hadde a brother that was called Lauynus, [28] that founded the same cyte, and sayd, that after his name she sholde be called lamyna / and whan he was ded the cyte apparteyned to kynge latyne / that made it more stronge than it was a-fore, and was alwayes [32] called Lamyna, tyH that it happed that a laurel tree grewe there vpon a hyghe toure wythin the cyte: And

Chapter 36. How Eneas sente his messagers towarde kynge latyne — Capitulo xxxvi

Aeneas settles at the mouth of the therof it fortuned that kynge latyne dyde calle this towne Laurence / whiche he loued ryght moche / For it was the chief cite of alle his royame. whan eneas [4] vnderstode that the cyte where the kynge of the londe dwellynge was soo nyghe / and that this cyte was soo noble and soo wel peopled, he was ryght gladde therof. And after, he loked abowte hym where a place [8] was moste strong, and there he broughte alle his ooste / and rounde aboute this place he dyd make diches & barreys for to defende hemselfe, if *nede were / And [12] the place so stronge, that thei doubted no body that coulde hurte theym, nor take theym vnbeware. ¶ How Eneas sente his messagers towarde kynge Latyne. Capitulum xxxvi. Han Eneas had begonne his fortresse/he called

to hym a hondred of the wysest men that were in his ooste / for to sende theym towarde kyng Latynus, in his cyte of Laurence, for to requyre hym of [20] peas & of alyaunce; and that he was not arryued in his londe for to doo to hym, nor to the contrey, ony dommage/but besoughte hym that he wolde not lette hym of that he had enterprysed to make a casteł vpon [24] his grounde that was begonne / For he made this for to rest hym and his folke / and for to dwelle wythin his royame, by the commaundemente of the goddes, wythoute to doo hym ony hurte nor greuaunce. The [28] messagers wente soo longe wyth theyr ryche presente that they bare from Eneas / to kyng Latynus, and wyth garlandes vpon theyr hedes, made of olyue tree / and also in theyr handes, braunches of the same / that [32] peas and loue sygnyfieth / that they came to the cyte of Laurence, where they fonde, a lityH wythoute the at Laurentum. towne, a grete feest of yonge men / that proued and assayed theyr streyngthes in dyuerse wyses / Thenne

entred ye troians wythin the yates of the towne / and one of the IouenceHys that thus dyde sporte hym selfe there, wente a pase afore theym, and cam & shewed The ambassadors to kyng latyne / how that a companye of noble men / [4] and to his semyng, of ryght hygh astate / were entred wythin his cyte, for to come speke wyth hym / & that they semed wel to be riche & pesable folke / for they bare braunches of olyue tre in their handes / the kyng [8] commaunded anone, whan he knewe of it / that they [* sign. I ij, back] sholde be broughte *vnto hym / And so it was doon The messagers come before the kynge Latyne, to whom they made reuerence prudently, and hym dyde salue in [12] theyre lordes byħalue / The kynge, that satte highe in his throne withyn hys halle, where as were purtrayed fulle rychely ale the kynges of his lynage, connyngly made, how they hadde kept ytalye one after another / [16] with the aduentures that were come to theym, and the grete batayHes that they hadde made,-Answered wel peasibly to the troyens / For alredy he hadde wel vnderstande that they were of troye, that was alle [20] distroied and asked theym what they sought, and what nede had brought theym in-to the londe of Lombardye / whether the tempeste hadde chassed theym / or yf they hadde lost theyre waye / For in many [24] maners comen peyne and traueyHe¹ often vpon '/" but how so euer ye be arryued and comen hyther, sith that ye requyre peas, ye be ryght welcomen to me. londe is gode & fayre, and the countrey swete and [28] delectable / And wel ye may ease youre self therynne | and also ryght and rayson requyreth that ye doo soo / of this countrey borne"/ Thenne gaffe the kynge [32] seassyng to hys wordes / And dyoneus, one of the troyens that were there, beganne to speke / saynge In thys wise" Gentylle kynge, and of hyghe lynage, The

Chapter 37. How kyng latynus made grete Ioye and good chere to the messagers of Eneas — Capitulo xxxvii

and puyssaunt prynce / Thou shalte vnderstande weł that none stronge wedrynge ne tempeste / hathe constrayned vs for to comme In-to thys londe; but we are [4] comme hether with oure goode wylle / For we ben departed from the ryche cytee of troye / That of lordeshyppe surmounted alle other cytees that were In her tyme. And after the destruccyon of the same, that was [8] soo grete as thou haste wel herd telle, We departed fro thens, and haue hadde syth soo moche of peyne, bothe by see and by londe, that longe after we hadde lefte and habandouned our owne contree / we were [12] commaunded of the goddes that we sholde come in to thyse partyes, for to haue therin our residence / And we requyre onely to haue a lity plotte of grounde where we maye dwelle in peas / and no hurte, domage, [16] ne greuaunce, shalle not be doon to the, of vs, by no maner of wyse / And ye muste knowe, that we myghte haue be receyued in many places, and in a good contrey, [20] of the goddes, sente vs in to thy reygne, for to haue our permanente residence there as Dardanus was borne, And appollo commaunded vs the same / and [24] londe / And also Eneas, that is our kynge, sendeth vnto the of his Iewelles that he hath brought with hym oute of troye, where he was in grete honour, and a prince of grete lordeshyppes." And thenne he toke to [28] the kynge a riche mauntelle, & a crowne of fyne golde al sette wyth precyouse stones, and a cepter royal, that kyng pryamus dyde bere often in his honde. How kyng Latynus made grete ioye & good chere to ye messagers of eneas: He kyng latynus receyued the ryche present, and Latinus accepts dyoncus helde his peas & the kyng latyne

Chapter 38. How kyng latyn sent certayn presentis to eneas — Capitulo xxxviii

Latinus sends a message of weleneas had sent to hym, but for loue of the maryage come to Aeneas, of his doughter / And why he dyd soo, it was for bycause that he had graunted his doughter to a wor- [4] shi[p]fuH knyghte that was called Turnus, the sone of kynge Darynus, of the cyte of Darda / that was not ferre from Laurence / To hym he hadde couenaunced viously granted his doughter Lauyne / but theropon he had an answer [8] of ye goddes, that he sholde not gyue her to hym / but he sholde gyue *her vnto a knyght straunger. And whan kynge Latyne hadde mused a lytyH in hym selfe he ansuered to the message: "Fayre brother, the [12] gyfte that thou hast brought to me from thy lordes byhalue, I shalle not refuse / but I receyue it gladly / and so tele hym that I am ryght glad of his commynge, and that my londe, whyche is goode / Is [16] atte hys wille; and yf yt playseth to hym, he may herberrowe hymself wyth me within thys cytee / And also ye shalle telle hym, that I haue a doughter, whiche the goddes deffende me that I shalle not gyue her to [20] no man of this countreye, and wyl that I gyue her to a stranger, of whome shale come a roayalle lygnee, and of grete name thrughe ate the worlde; and but I joy to Eneas. ¶ How kynge Latyne sent his presentes to Eneas / ¶ Capitulum xxxviij.

Han the kynge latyne had thus spoken he made to be brought afore hym a honderd [28] fayre horses, wełłe rychely enharnyshed and nobly arayed and to euery messager troyen, he gaffe one of thys horses/ and sent to Eneas a ryche chare, aHe appareylled for to fyght In a bataylle / Thenne toke [32] the messagers there leue of the kynge latyne, after that he hadde made theym goode chere, and ryally fested, and came alle ayen gladde and Ioyouse to theyre

lorde And recounted to hym altogyder as it was News of the embassy sayde and doon / Wherof eneas was ryght gladde, & made grete Ioie / The tidynges were spred ale aboute spreads. [4] the londe of lombardye, and was announced vnto Turnus, that the troyens that were escaped out of Turnus hears of Troye, were aryued in that londe, and hadde a lorde that was called Eneas / To whom kynge Latyne hadde [8] habaundouned aHe hys londe, and also hys doughter, that Turnus sholde haue by maryage / But the kynge wolde *gyue her to the troians, for to enheryte his royame of the lynee of troye / And that kynge Latyne [12] hadde all-redy consented to theym for to buylde and sette a castel vpon the ryuer of Tonyre / soo that they sholde not be cast oute lightly from the royame by force. Assone as Turnus wyste of thyse tydynges, he [16] was sore an-angred in his herte. And was ouermoche and is angry. wrothe for the damoyseH, that hadde be graunted and gyuen firste of al vnto hym / And well he swore that Eneas sholde neuer haue her, as longe as he were man [20] on lyue. Turnus, by the councey of his fader, sente counsey vpon this thynge / And whan he had assembled theym togyder, they did counseyH hym that [24] he sholde goo towarde kyng Latyne, atte lawrence, & towarde the quene for to knowe whi they wolde gyue theyr doughter to a nother, contrary to their promyse that they hadde made to hym. Durynge [28] that these wordes ranne / Eneas and his people wroughte stylle to make vp theyr fortresse/ And ascanyus, by the lycence of eneas his fader, wente to the foreste that was nyghe by Lawrence, and dyuerse [32] of his knyghtes wyth hym, for to hunte the wylde Ascanius hunts bestes / Turnus hadde two sones, and a fayr doughter whiche was named Syluya. this siluya had norisshed a herte tyH that he was ouergrowen ¹ and grete, that her in the forest.

yonge they had take hym awaye fro the moder. herte was soo tame, that he suffred we that the damoiselle layed her hande ouer him, for to make hym [4] fayr and euyn / and that she shold make him a garlonde aboute his hornes. he was wel fed, and moche loued of her and also of Turnus her brother. And whan that this herte had be longe atte home, he wente [8] in-to the forest among the other / and cam ayen atte euyn. The houndes of Ascanyus founde thys herte, and hunted hym sore, tyH that Ascanyus hadde espyed hym, and shotte an arowe att hym, and rought the [12] sydes of hym. This herte, ale thus wounded and sore hurt, came home ayen as fast as he myght, there as he was noryshed, and cryed and made mone after hys manere. Syluya came fyrst there where he was, [16] whiche was ryght sory whan she dyde see the hert, that bled sore and was a deynge. Thenne came ¹ there turnus, that was moche an-angryd and wroth therfore, & founde the wounde, and blew a horne for to moeue [20] Turnus in anger his folke ayenst theym that had slayne this hert. And no moo wordes were made there; But they went toward the forest ale armed, where they founde the troyens that were come after the hert: And the [24] churles ranne soone vpon theym with suche armures as they had / The troyens deffended theymself with theyre bowes and with theyr swerdes, but the most Ascanius and his strengthe was sty with the men of the countree / [28] Neuertheles the medlee wexed so strong, that ascanyus kylled there the eldest son of Turnus with an arowe. Thenne rose ther a grete crye, Soo that the troiens were of the wors syde / And whan Eneas wist of hit [32] Aeneas comes to in his fortresse, he came & brought there a grete part of his folke /

Chapter 39. How Turnus sente for his folke, for to chace and dryue Eneas oute of his lande — Capitulo xxxix

How turnus sente for his folke, for to chasse & dryuc Eneas out of his londe/ ¶ Capitulum xxxix + For FOr this occasion bigan the bataylle to be grete and mortal, that was not apeased anone / There was grete effort made, & bigge estoure, after that Eneas was come there / For of that othre part of the batayHe, [8] they of Laurence came there, and of aHe the other contrees about, that cursed the kynge Latyne, that so euy folke had receyued and lodged In his contree/ To this sorowe came Tur*nus and whan he sawe [12] ate the folke of laurence so moeued ayenste the kynge Latyne/he bigan thenne to swere and saye, that euyH sholde come therof to the kynge Latyne and to the troyens; for yf he had not Lauyne to his wyff, he sholde [16] doo brenne the cyte, and the palays also / And thenne he ascryed his folke, and ate theym of the cyte, in whiche were many knyghtes, and sayde that hym self and theym of the cyte sholde yssue in batayHe/ [20] Thenne spake kynge Latyne to his folke and to Turnus, and tolde theym that, ayenst the wife of the goddes, and without rayson, they wolde fyght aienst the troyens / But for thise wordes / turnus nor the [24] other wolde neuer withdrawe theym self. the kynge, that sawe they wolde noon other wyse doo, he lete theym shyfte / & fought tyH that the euyn departed theym/Thenne came ayen they of the londe to [28] lawrence & eneas & ascanyus went ayen to theire fortresse/turnus had sent for his aide in the contreye aH about, & made grete folke / first of aH, came to him mescayus of cusye, & causus his sone, & brought [32] folke wyth theym. & thenne came they of lombardye, of to-scane, & of the ualles of ytalie. besides all thees, came ther canuHa, a mayde that was lady of prouerne,

Chapter 40. How Eneas wente to seke socours of the kynge Euander — Capitulo xl

& medabus was her fader: this damoyseHe brought with her grete companye of medens al in armes, for to gyue socours to turnus, that she loued¹ sore. whan she was come to laurence, she was gretly loked vpon [4] of ye ladyes of the cyte, bicause that she mayntened herself lyke a knyght: she was stronge & hardy, more thenne eny other creature / How eneas went to seke socours of ye kynge [8] euander / cap. xl THus had turnus assembled his folke for to chase

Thus had turnos assomt of lombarde / for he wold eneas & his folke out of lombarde/ for he wold haue ye doughter of ye kyng latyne / eneas had with him [12] litil aide, but of them that he had brought with hym. he toke no care, nor abashed hym not bicause that ye same londe was promysed to him for to dwelle * in hit / vpon a'nyghte cam to hym a vysion, that tolde hym [16] that he sholde goo to seke helpe to a kynge that was called Euander, whiche was neuewe to kyng Thalamus of Archade. This euander slewe his fader, by exhortynge of his moder, that vyceta was called / and for this [20] cause he lefte archade / and came in-to ytalye / and dyde so moche, that he herberowed hym selfe, and his folke that came wyth hym, vpon the mounte palatyne, vpon the tonyre, Where Euander beganne a lity [24] cyte that he named Palence / after the name of kyng Palantyne of Archade, that now is called Rome/thys kyng Euander had a doughter, whiche was called after the name of his cyte, Palencya / and also he had a sone [28] that was preu and hardy, that had to name Palas, yº whiche werred euer ayenste turnus / and the ytalyens / Also turnus wolde neuer haue concorde nor peas wyth this kyng Euander / Eneas sayd thenne to his folke, [32] that he sholde goo fette socours and helpe. And thenne he entred his shyppes, and his felawes wyth hym /

Chapter 41. How grete a sorowe was made whan Eneas and Palas departed from palence — Capitulo xli

And rowed so moche that they cam to Palence, where kyng Euander receyued theym wyth grete Ioye, & honoured moche eneas, and sayd to hym that he had [4] well knowen his fader Anchises / Soo longe they spake one to thother, that euander sayd that he sholde helpe eneas, & shold take to him his sone palas, & foure thousand men, good fyghters / Eneas thanked the kynge [8] right moche of the good wyH that he had to hym. And whan the mornyng came, & that they had concluded togyder of ther besines, they toke leue of kynge euander/ & they that were most in age entred [12] in to the shyppes / And the other that were strong, wente by londe : ¶ How a grete sorow was made / whan Eneas and Palas departed fro palence : Capitulum xlj? "W Han tyme came that they sholde departe, the quene wepte sore tendrely, and the kynge also, that called hys sone fułł swetly, saynge/" Ha a, [20] fayre sone! yf I were as yonge as I was somtyme / with grete peyne I sholde late the goo without me / And I promytte the, that Turnus sholde neuer make so good watche to kepe hym self, but that I sholde doo to hym [24] dommage ryght grete / But olde age reteyneth me here, that happeth to hym weH. Now praye I oure goddes, that of the, they make vs gladde / And that I may see the agayn alyue afore that I shalle decesse. For I [28] hadde moche leuer deye / than to see thy dethe." ¶ And thanne Palas and Eneas made sacrifyce to the goddes, & prayed theym that they wolde be to theym socourable. & this doon, they toke theyre leue of ye [32] kynge euander, & walked so long that the nyght was come; & thenne they herberowed themself behinde

Chapter 42. How Turnus com tofore the caste of Eneas for to assaulte hym — Capitulo xlii

TH[o]w turnus came afore the caste of eneas for to sawte hym

¶ Capitulum: xlij Han that Eneas was goon towarde kynge [4] euander / cam turnus afore his fortresse. ascanyus was with ye troyens, for to wite yf he coude take theym, or entre within yº casteH / but the troyens that sawe theym come, putte theymself in-to theire [8] fortresse, and made hem redy vpon the wales, for to deffende theym of their enmyes well and vigorously; and visus & eryalus, two valiaunt knyghtes & hardy, decline Turnus's kept the gate. turnus that was wel horsid, came, & eight [12] felawes with him, vnto ye walles, & called & saide,' that yf there was eny man that to him wolde fight in the playne, that he sholde come out / and that he sholde haue no harme, but onely of him, body to body' / And [16] they of wythin ansuered not; wherfore he launched theym his dart ouer the walles, & went agayn In the [* leaf I 6, back] playne felde for to make a tourne of grete chiualrye; Turnus burns Aeneas's ships. & he, & the other *eyght that were come wyth hym, [20] ascryed theym/ of the castel wyth an hie voys/ and sore merueylled that they were of the troians soo coward, that they wolde not iuste wyth soo fewe a folke as they were / and whan he sawe that thei wolde [24] not come oute of theyr casteH / He wente rounde aboute it, where he myghte ride, for to see and knowe of what parte the place myghte sonest be take / And whiles that he dyde thus, approched the ooste that came [28] towarde the fortresse & Turnus apperceyued the shyppes, that were nyghe the shore, for the men to come a lande; whereof he hadde grete Ioye, and commaunded soone that the shyppes of the troians sholde [32] be sette a in a fyre by cause that they of the

Chapter 43. How Vysus and Eryalus made theym redy to entre vpon the hoost of Turnus — Capitulo xliii

escape. casteĤe sholde not flee thyderwarde for to saue theym selfe. They dyde thenne as turnus hadde commaunded / and brenned alle the shyppes, sauffe some, of whom Some ships [4] yº cables brak, & escaped away / wherof they of the oost had grete merueylle / turnus sayd that the castel must be take wyth stre[n]gthe of armes / And also he knewe well that Eneas was not there, but came faste [8] ayenste hym, accompanyed of Palas and of many other knyghtes. Whan the nyghte cam on / turnus ordeyned xviij knyghtes for to make good watche of whom Mesapus was chieff / and thenne they made grete Ioye, [12] and ete & dranke, & made goode chere / The troians byhelde theym/ and garnysshed theym selfe in the best wyse that they coude. Menestus & segestus, that Eneas had made constables, hadde theyr folke wel [16] ordeyned for to fyghte/ and for to defende the fortresse / And made redy for to sende to Eneas / But From ignorance noo body durst not auenture for to goo to hym, cause that they knew not the contrey: by [20] How Vysus and Eryalus made theym redy for to entre vpon the oost of Turnus

¶ Capitulum xliij Han came toward the mornynge, the ytalyens that assured, were not doubted of ony body that myght greue hem / fele aslepe, alle fulle of metes and of wynes / Thenne visus that kept the gate, bethough[t] hym self, and sayde to his felawe: "Goode [28] brother, loke how the ytalyens be weHe assured In theyr tentes/there is nowe no lyght atte ałe, and they be alle a slepe / I wylle goo In-to theyre oost, for to make slawghter of theym / And after I shalle goo [32] to Eneas In pallence For I shalle fynde well the waye thyder. and yf I may brynge thys myn entrepryse to purpos, I shal be rewarded ryght welle therfore" / Whan Eryalus vnderstode hys felawe that spacke soo / Eneas with the

Chapter 44. How Vysus and Eryalus entred into the tentis of Turnus hooste, and made grete slaughter and destruccyon — Capitulo xliv

he ansuered hym anone in thys manere / "Ha a, goode and true felawe, we haue be so famylier, and haue hadde so goode felyship togyder, and nowe ye wyH vndertake this thynge without me / ye shalle knowe, that without [4] my companye, ye shalle nowhere goo" / They bothe togyder went to Ascanyus, and to the other that were in counceyHe, for to wyte whom they myght sende to En[e]as / Thenne spake visus, and sayde how they had [8] entreprysed y waye for to goo to eneas and whan Ascanyus vnderstode theym, he toke theym in his armes alle wepynge / and sayde to theym: "O ye knyghtes! who shall mowe yelde to you so grete a [12] meryte of so grete hardynes that ye haue enterprised fore & after, my fader eneas, & also my self, that neuer shalle forgete thesame whiles that I shall lyue / and [16] also I telle you, that yf ye brynge me my fader agayn, I shall neuer haue so grete a lordsip / but that ye shalle haue part of thesame / and ye shall be proferred In alle maneres /

TH[o]w visus and eryalus entred in yº tentes of turnus oost, & made grete slawghter & destruccion / ¶ Capitulum. xliiij Han vysus, and eryalus his felawe, were [24] armed & arayed, they yssued oute of the

gates moche richely appareylled, and weł mounted vpon two goode horses, stronge & able and well rennynge/ And thus they entred in-to the lodges [28] of theyr enmyes, whom they fonde a slepe / Thenne spake Vysus to Eryalus, and sayd, "felaw myn, this thyng somoneth vs for to prouc oure hardynes. Now holde the behynde, & kepe that none escape, and I shałe goo [32] forthe, and shale make large the waye" / And whan he hadde that sayd, he loked wythin a tente / and sawe a kynge lyenge, that was grete frende with kyng Turnus /

Chapter 45. How the two felawes loste eche other in the forest, whan the knyghtes of laurence chased theym — Capitulo xlv

to come, & of many other thynges / The same, dyde vysus smyte his hede of/ and thenne they made occy- [4] sion soo that no bodye durste moeue; for they sawe theym armed and theyr swerdes a blody / Thus lasted this euy aduenture almoste to the daye / thenne came they to Mesapus tente, & sawe fyre lighte; thenne [8] sayd vysus," good felawe, late vs take on our waye, for it is almost daye. we haue hurte our enmyes ful sore; and also we be wery "/ thenne went they awaye, & left there moche rychesse that they myghte haue taken yf [12] they had wolde; but they wente oute of the tentes, & walked streighte ye waye towarde palence, for to goo to eneas their lorde, that was departed thens alredy, wyth palas, the valyaunte and noble knyghte: [16] How the two felawes loste eche other in the forest / whan the knyghtes of laurence chased theym. ¶ Capitulum xlv.

Nd whilis that they wente faste awaye from the tentes, Foure hondred knyghtes were yssued oute of lawrence, a armed & wente to turnus, for to bere tidynges from the kynge Latyne / And whan they werre comen nyghe the tentes, they [24] sawe ouer atte the other syde, the two felawes that went the waye to Palence / Also they perceyued theym by theire helmes that they hadde on theyre hedes, that resplendyshed ayenst the mone / Bolcus thenne went [28] ayenst theym, and caHed, "Abyde ye; And tele me what ye be, and from whens ye comme" / They answerde not, but withdrewe theymself toward the forest. than bolcus ¹ and his men spored there horses, and [32] chassed theym/ but they were alredy withyn the

Chapter 46. How bolcus slewe Eryalus, & how Vysus his felaw slewe bolcus. Of the deth of the sayd Visus, And how the hedes of the sayd two felawys, Eryalus and Vysus, were broughte vpon two speres a-fore the fortresse of Eneas — Capitulo xlvi

forest, where as they lost eche other ryghte soone / For vysus dyde putte hym self in-tyl a path, and was soone goon ferre from hys enmyes. And Eryalus entred in to a thikke¹ busshe, where he founde nothre pathe nor [4] noo waye atte aHe; and so he coude not flee ferre from hys enmyes that chassed hym / Vysus, that alredy was escaped sauf, loked behynde hym, and sawe not his felawe nor Erialus were, wherof he was ryght sore [8] angri; And sore sighynge, he began to saye, "O swete felawe, where haue I lost the? where myght I seke the?" And whan he hade said this, he retourned ayen bak that waye that he came. And he had not gon longe, [12] that he herde the noyse of the horses about erialus, that his enmyes had taken alredy; and aslong as he myght, he had deffended him self; but aHe that he coude doo, taken prisoner. auayHed him not / visus went so longe rennynge, tyl [16] that he sawe his enmyes about his felawes whiche they helde / Thenne he wist not what to doo, nor how he myght delyuere hym from theyr handes. And whan and endeavours he had aduysed hym ynoughe, he loked vpon a dart [20] that he helde in his hande, and threwe it with ałe his strengthe, and smotte a knyght betwene two sholdres. therwith-ale, so that the yron went thrughe the body of hym, whiche fełłe doune ded to the grounnde frome [24] [* leaf I 8, back] hys horse / Hys felawes that sawe thys, loked * alle aboute theym and had grete merueylle / and wyste not fro whens that myghte come / And whiles that they merueylled theym selfe of suche a fortune that [28] was come thus sodaynly to theym, Vysus casted ayen a nother darte, and smote a nother of theym in the breste, and soo slewe hym, and fel doun ded afore his felawes, that were therof sore abasshed. ¶ How Bolcus slewe eryalus, & how Vysus his felawe slewe Bolcus / Of the deth of the sayd Vysus / & how ye hedes of the

sayd two felawes, eryalus & vysus, were brought vpon two speres afore the fortres of Eneas. *T Cap. xlvj THenne beganne bolcus, the conestable, to be alle forcened wyth grete rage, for to knowe fro whom these strokes cam / & in a grete anger sayd to eryalus, "who euer hath doon ye same, ye peynes therof [8] sha abyde vpon ye & with ye swerde a naked in his fust, cam nygh hym / & wold slee hym. & whan vysus sawe this, he coude no lenger suffre it, by cause that he wolde not see hys felawe to be slayn / but he [12] began to crye, "late hym be in peas / & take me, & putte me to dethe! For he hath forfayte nothyng." While that vysus spake thise wordes / bolcus smote eryalus wyth his swerde thorugh the body of hym, & [16] wythoute moo wordes kylled hym. And whan vysus sawe the same, he ranne ayenste theym alle, and adressed hym towarde bolcus wyth his swerde in his fuste; and so nyghe he approched hym / that whan he [20] dyd ascrye vpon his men that they sholde take hym / vysus smote hym wyth his goode swerde thrugh the mouthe, that he made hit to come oute at the necke of hym / soo that he slewe hym, and fylle doun ded afore [24] hym & all his folke / His knyghtes that sawe hym thus slayne, ranne alle vpon vysus oute of alle sides / soo that they gaaffe to hym his deth * wounde / and neuertheles he defended hym selfe vygoryously as longe [28] that he myghte stande. But his enmyes charged hym soo often wyth grete strokes of their swerdes wel sharpe cuttynge / that he spred hym selfe vpon his felawe Eryalus and soo fynysshed there his lyff / Thenne [32] toke the ytalyens their armures, and that they bare / and the body of theyr lorde Bolcus / and¹ departe wyth grete heuynesse, and wente to the lodges of Turnus

Chapter 47. How thassaulte was grete atte gate of the castel — Capitulo xlvii

ooste: And whan they cam / they sawe there theym that made grete sorowe & grete cryes for theym that were slayn wythin the tentes / Whan thenne the daye was come / Turnus commaunded that aHe the ooste sholde [4] be armed / And that euery prynce sholde ordeyne his folke for to assaylle the casteH / And they dyd soo by grete wrathe And thenne turnus made the hedes of Euryalus cut off eryalus and Vysus to be smytten of from theyr bodyes / [8] and sette vpon two speres, and broughte theym afore the castell wyth a grete noyse & grete caHynge / fcr to fere and abasshe the troians therwyth, that were wythin wyth Ascanyus, the sone of eneas. Whan they [12] of the castel sawe theym, they were full sory & sore tryste / and anone they ordeyned theyr folke, & putte theym in araye for to defende the place. And thenne they of the ooste blew vp their trompettes for to gyue [16] a sharpe sawte / And taried not, but dyde hie theim ayenste the walles / And they that were there vpon the walles, brake theyr sheldes and theyr pauesses / And [20] the hardy knyghtes troians that had lerned for to defende casted vpon theym grete logges, wyth sharpe yron atte the ende, and gret stones. They that cam firste to assawte the place, myght not suffre no lenger [24] the strengthe of the troians, that were vpon the walles of theyr fortresse. For they brake theyr sheldys & * helmes and theire limmes & aH-to burst theyre bodyes / whan Mesancus sawe this, he made fyre to be cast to [28] theym and Mesapus made the diches to be filed vp, & the ladders to be sette vpwarde ayenst the wales/ How the assawte was grete atte the gate of the castel /

¶ Capitulum xlvij Efore the gate of the castel was a grete toure, and knyghtes were within, that deffended it: they that were without, assailled strongly, & by

Chapter 48. How Eneas cam ayen from palence wyth moche folke for to socoure his sone & his peple ayenst Turnus — Capitulo xlviii

grete rudesse / and all they that were within, deffended theymself ryght wel & vigorousli / but they of ye oost made so greete force ayenst them, that they dyde sette [4] the toure on a fire / and whan they of within sawe the toure, that brenned alle in a flame, they were aferde to be brente there-ynne, so that they most nedes habandounne it. And thenne they wolde haue yssued out [8] aienst them of the oost, but the toure fille scone doun / And thus alle they that were within, were ded, sauf¹ two of hem, Elenor and Elecor / And whan elenor sawe Elecor, who hymself amonge his enmyes, he ranne vpon theym with [12] his swerde in his hande, as he that wolde not escape, nor saue his lyffe / But elecor, that was ryght swyfte & lyght, fled toward the castel for his waraunt. ¶ How Eneas came ayen from palence with moche folke for to socoure his sone & his folke ayenst turnus/¶ Capitulum xlviij Any were there slayne, of one part, of the other / The assault but the assawte was lefte, for the nyght that came thenne vpon, toke awaye fro theym the light of the daye. The troyens kept well theire walles / The Trojans still be assayHed agayn. Eneas [2] thenne, that was goon for [24] to seke helpe and socours, and had with hym ale the barons, and namely the kynge Carton/* abode not longe after this / But that he came wyth .xxx. shyppes wel laden with men of armes, whiche approched soo [28] moche that they came to the socours of theym / that awayted sore after theym, And that hadde grete nede of helpe / Whan Turnus [3] vnderstode thyse tidynges, he wente agaynste theym wythoute taryenge. [32] Alle the sayd shippes entred wythin the hauen, excepte the shippe of kynge Carton, that was to grete. Turnus

Chapter 49. How Eneas fought Turnus alle aboute the batayle, for to slee hym for the deth of palas — Capitulo xlix

peyned hymselfe fu sore, and his knyghtes also, for Aeneas lands his to lette theym of theyr landyng / But Eneas, that wyth his barons that were in his ship wyth hym, was landed first of alle And defended the porte ayenst the [4] ytalyens, tyH that at the folke were come alande / Thenne beganne the bussynes and the trompettes for to blowe, of the one parte / And of the other, Eneas, atte his comynge vpon, he ouerthrewe & slewe Sythera, [8] that was moche rychely armed, and of noble and ryche armes / And after, Latam, & also the geaunte / that bare a clubbe/wherwyth he hadde take the lyff awaye of many troians. there sholde haue eneas adommaged [12] turnus ryght sore, yf it hadde not be a heuy aduenture that happed; For Turnus slewe there Palas, the sone of kyng euander / & whan he was ded, he toke awaye from hym a riche rynge of golde / Whan Palas was [16] slayne, there was made grete sorowe for hym, of Eneas/ and of his felawes / But therfore ceassed not the bataylle. his men bare hym oute of the bataylle / And made for hym grete sorowe Whan Eneas knewe [20] it, he came al wrothe and sore an-angred vpon his enmyes, whiche he hewed and slewe wyth his swerde, as preu and hardy that he was. Thenne yssued oute of the castel, Ascanyus his sone / and the goode knyghtes [24] out of the camp. troians that were enclosed therin / and that hadde suffred grete assawtes the daye afore. [* leaf K ij, back] * How Eneas sought Turnus alle a-boute In the bataile, for to slee hym for the [28] ENeas was thrughe the bataille, sekynge a-bout

after Turnus, that was ryght valyaunt / preu, and hardy In bataylle / The fende, that sawe [32] that Eneas sought Turnus for to slee hym / that wolde not that he sholde be ded so soone, to thende that he

ness of Aeneas, sholde doo yet moche harme, and euylles more than he hadde doon al-redy, dyde transforme hym self In A spectral liketo the fygure of eneas, & came a-fore turnus, that [4] forced hym self for to make grete occision of the folke of Eneas/whan Turnus apperceyued hym, he wende verily that it hadde be Eneas hym self, and ranne vpon hym with alle his myght; and whan he was [8] approched nyghe hym, he launched a darte atte hym. and the deuy tourned to hym his back, & beganne that faught. whan Turnus sawe that, wenyng to hym board a ship, [12] that it had be Eneas that durst not abyde hym, he began to enchaunte hym sore with wordes / but he that fled, sette nought by hys enchauntementes, & fledd so longe afore turnus, that alwayes folowed him, that leads Turnus on [16] he lept in-to one of the shippes of Eneas that was nyghe by the shores, lyke as it had be for grete feer of his lyffe. Turnus, that helde his swerde in his ryght hand, and his shelde fast afore his brest, and [20] that had grete Ioye in hym self / For he wende that Eneas had fled for fere of hym, and that he durste not abyde hym / went and entred after the deueH that was in liknes of eneas, within the shippe fuH [24] vigorously, for to haue killed hym / but whan he was come within, he founde there noo body with where he finds whome he myght fight; And sought alle about, bothe nothing, and is behinde & before, within ye shippe / but he fonnde [28] no thinge/so was he thenne sore abashed, & wolde haue comme out *ayen for to retourne to the bataylle / but the yssue was to hym full euyH redy / For the cables of the shyppe that heelde hit, were broken and

Chapter 50. How Eneas smote Merencyus wyth his spere in his thie a grete strooke — Capitulo l

How Eneas smote Merencyus wyth his spere in his thye a grete stroke: Capitulum. L. DVrynge this while that Turnus wende to haue [4] chassed Eneas/was eneas in the thyckest presse

of the bataylle, caHynge after Turnus wyth a hyghe voys and broughte many ytalyens to their deth wyth his swerde. Turnus, that sawe hym selfe brought [8] horror, is carried ferre from the shores / knewe we thenne that he was deceyued, and wyste not what he myghte doo, nor where he sholde become / soo sore an-angred he was / whan he founde hym selfe in that plyght. Thenne [12] be heued vp his handes towarde heuen swetly, and began to calle vpon Iupyter/ why he hadde broughte hym to this grete sorowe / that he sawe his folke that were kylled & slayne afore his eyen / And that [16] he myghte in no wyse socoure theym / one tyme he thought for to slee hym selfe / another tyme he wolde haue drowned hym selfe / And while that he was thus in this thought for to doo the one or thother, ye shippe [20] went doune the ryuer of tonyre, wyth the streme that was so bigge, tyH that it cam in-to the hauen of the cyte of darda, where as kyng daryus, the fader of turnus, was. Merencius was yet in the batayH, & forced ħymselfe [24] to dystroye & sle eneas folke / & wyth hym was his sone Lansus, that was preu & hardy / this merencyus ranne vpon the troians with grete force, his swerde in his hande, & made grete fayttes of armes / he slew [28] acren, & Merende, & many other / mesapus made also grete slaughter of the troians for he slewe Lamon & lycormon, cycartem, & many other worthi folke. thus were medled ye bataylles. merencyus confounded & [32] distroyed wyth his swerde alle that he fonde afore hym / And whan Eneas sawe hym, he beganne to

Chapter 51. How Merencyus made grete sorowe whan he sawe his sone deed — Capitulo li

Mezentius. come towarde hym. and Merencyus byhelde hym comynge/ whom he doubted not / And eneas auaunced hymselfe soone / and launched at hym his grete Aeneas wounds [4] espyotte or spere / and smote hym thorughe the thye / whan Merencyus sawe the bloode come oute, he was therof sore an-angred / And anone ranne vpon Eneas / sayenge that he sholde auenge it vpon hym / But his [8] knyghtes toke hym, and hadde hym awaye fro the bataylle / for his wounde bled ale to sore / and yet was a parte of the spere wythin/ that greued hym ryght sore: [12] How Merencyus made grete sorowe / whan he sawe his sone dede

Capitulum Lj Han Lansus sawe his fader merencyus thus sore hurte, he wexed therof a fuH of wrathe/ And assembled ayen alle the bataylles togyder / and ranne vpon Eneas. There was slayne many knyghtes A great of the one parte / and of the other, eneas smote Lansus [20] wyth his swerde vpon his helme, and cloue hym vnto Aeneas slays the teeth. there was grete sorowe made whan Lansus was ded/ Durynge the while that this happed, Merencyus, wyth a grete flote of knyghtes, was [24] descended vpon the ryuage of the Tonyre, and made his wounde to be shwed vppe, that was yet full sore / Thenne asked he after his sone Lansus, and commaunded that he sholde be broughte from the ooste; [28] And that he wolde wyte how he hadde mayntened hym selfe in the batayHe, For he wolde here and knowe of his proesse / And as he spake thyse wordes / They came wyth the corpus / makyng gret mone, & cryeng ful heuely. merencyus knewe soone that it was his sone for his herte was heuy & fuH of tristesse / who thenne had seen hym complayne & sighe, wolde

*haue hadde grete meruey He / He rented his clothes, and tare hys herys from his owne hede, and was anangerd and wrothe without mesure / And whan he hadde sorowed longe ynoughe, he made hys thye to be [4] dressed and bounden vp / And commaunded that hys hors sholde be brought to hym, for to goo to the batay, to auenge ye dethe of his sone vpon Eneas / And whan he was sette ahorsbacke, he toke a darte for [8] to launche or cast / and thenne he went streyghte to the batayHe/ And, as a worthy knyghte, smote amonge He calls Aeneas. hys enmyes. And anone he dyde caH Eneas with a hyghe voyce Eneas herde hym, and came towarde [12] hym and whan he sawe hym, he sayde to hym / "Nowe, Eneas, that hast slayne my sone, I am here present, and wote not whether I shall here deye / but or that I deye, I shale gyue the suche strokes that shalbe [16] to thy grete grief /" And thenne he launched to hym a darte sore harde, And syn another; and after, the thirde. Eneas ranne about, that durst not abyde hym / And after this, Eneas myght suffer hym noo lenger, but [20] went vpon hym with a spere, and wende to haue stryke hym with it.But he myssed of hym, & smote his hors so that he fell, and Merencyus vnder hym / Thenne rose there a grete noyse and a grete crye of Merencyus [24] folke, that came there ale to gyder with theyre swerdes naked But Eneas, that sawe Merencynus agrounde, came towarde hym or euer he coude be vpon hys fete, and gaffe hym suche a stroke with his swerde, that he [28] slewe hym. Thenne were they of the oost all dyscomfyted. And more dommage they sholde haue hadde, Night separates yf the nyghte hadde not departed theym one from the combatanis. another.

Chapter 52. How Eneas sente the body of Palas in-to the shippe, and sente it to his fader — Capitulo lii

¶ How Eneas sent the body of Palas In to the shyppe, & sente It to his fader /

¶ Capitulum: .lij. THenne went they of the ooste towarde laurence, [*sign. K iiij, and Eneas toward his fortresse / but they coude not entre alle wythynne, But lodged theymself without vpon the ryuere. And whan the [8] mornynge came, Eneas made to take the corpus of palas, and made it to be moche rychely appareiHed, as to a sone of a kynge apparteyneth, & putte it in to a shippe/ and sent him ayen to his fader, with the gayne [12] of the knyghtes, & wyth the proye that they had goten afore that he deyed / The messagers that bare hym, recounted well his grete proesse, and retourned ayen assoone as they myght comme / Ouer longe a thynge [16] it were, for to reherce the sorowe that his fader Evander Euander made, & his moder in lykewyse, for hys dethe/ And in this maner while, came messagers out of Laurence, with brannches of olyue tree, & asked [20] tryewes of eneas, for to take vp the dede bodies, & gyue A truce to bury theym sepultures / eneas graunted theym theire request gladly for xii dayes. And whan this triews were graunted, eneas saide to the messagers / “ha, a, lordes [24] latyne, what aduenture is it that maketh you to fyght ayenst me that wolde be your frende? Ye requyre me of peas & tryewes for theym that ben deed / but ye shał vnderstande, that more gladli I wolde gyue them [28] to theym that lyue. For I trowed not for to haue fought here nor I come not hither for to fight, yf ye wolde leue me in peas / but I come here by the commanndement of the goddes, for to haue a dwelynge [32] place. Nor I fight not with them of laurence; but I make were aienst turnus, that wold haue lauyne, the doughter of kynge Laty nus, ayenst the wiHe of the

Chapter 53. Of the messagers that Turnus had sent to diomedes — Capitulo liii

goddes. And yf turnus wyl haue vs out of this royalme, me semeth that it were fuHe couenable a thynge, that he & I sholde fight togyder, body ayenst body & that he that sholde haue the victorye ouer [4] the other/he sholde haue the pucele lawy *ne, & her faders good wyHe with-aHe/ and the other that were ouercome, sholde lese his lyffe. And thus, they that be not gylty, sholde not deye, nor ye londe not be [8] dystroyed Nowe goo youre waye, & reporte to the report Aeneas's kynge that that I haue saide, & that I wyH abyde by. And that he doo me to knowe yf Turnus will be the war. agreable to the same / The messagers were moche [12] merueyHed of hys fydelyte, & of that that he had sayde; and they toke theire leue, and retorned ayen toward the kynge / to whome they declared all alonge, ałe that eneas hadde sayde vnto theym, and that [16] the triews were gyuen. And incontyent they made theym redy for to brenne the bodyes ded; and lyke wise dyde eneas, of the other syde; & ye ought to knowe, that grete sorowe was there made by theym [20] that hadde lost theire frendes in the bataylle. The ladyes of the cyte cursed turnus, & the owre in whiche he bigan first the bataylle, for to haue the doughter of kynge latyn / Thus lasted the sorowe thre [24] dayes and thre nyghtes, that they neuer dyde ceasse / Of the messagers that Turnus hadde sent to dyomedes. Capitulum. Liij

THenne assembled agayne kynge Latynus his [28] barons, for to haue counceyHe what he myghte doo agaynst Eneas, that wolde not but peas and concorde And while that they were comynge to this counsey He, the messagers that turnus had sente to [32] Venulus returns Dyomedes / whan he soughte his ayde for to fighte ayenste Eneas/ and that bare to Dyomedes ryche presentes in-to the cyte of Agryppa, whiche is in one.

of the partyes of PuyHe/ where Dyomedes hadde dwelled euer syth the tyme that he was departed frome byfore the cyte of / Troye, And helde there the [4] cyte and the lordeshyppes, After that he came agayne from puyHe: The kynge commaunded that they [ leaf K 5, back] sholde comme afore hym, for to tele what they hadde founde/vernylus began to speke ahyghe, and sayde / 8" Barons and lordes, we dyde see Dyomedes, and a grete with parte of theym that were with hym afore Troye / we made to hym due reuerence, and tolde hym what we were, and who hadde sende vs / And also tolde hym [12] ayenst whome we wolde make werre, And dyde presente vnto ħym the yeftes that we bare vnto hym. from the kyng Latyne / & whan kynge dyomedes hadde herde vs / he dyde answere to vs peasybly, and [16] sayde/"Ha a ! folke of ytalye, what aduenture commeth nowe to you? I lette you wite for certayne, that we that dyde fyghte ayenst the Troyens, and that theyre londes we dyde dystroye, Gatte nor wanne therby nothynge fyted, and his knyghtes distroyed, Right soo was Agamenon loste and slayne, that cheffe gouernoure was a boue vs alle, by the meanes of his wyf that loued [24] more another than she dyde hym, whiche holdeth nowe the londe. what shale I tele you of the vnhappy Pyrrus, nor of the other grekes, nor of my self / wyte well that I shall neuer fyght ayenst the Troyens, yf [28] may. maner, of that we dyde fyght ayenst theym, than it is to theym for to haue be dyscomfyted by vs. But goo youre waye ageyne, and bere thees gyftes vnto eneas, & [32] ye shall doo wysely / & I lete you wite, that wyth hym I haue foughte, body ayenste body / and by cause that I haue founde hym of so grete strengthe and proesse, I saye yet that, yf he had nowe with him two hounderd [36] knightes suche as he is, & in theyre companye, hector &

Chapter 54. How kyng latyn counseled for to make peas wyth Eneas — Capitulo liv

troylus / ale grece myght be soone bi theym ale wasted & distroied; and well ye oughte this to beleue of me, for I haue assayed hym / And * Also ye muste vnderstande for veraye certeyne, that all the recystence [4] that was made ayenst vs grekes afore Troye, it was made by the strengthe of Eneas, of Ector, and of Troylus that socoured and reioysed the other. And were almoste equalle, Hector, Eneas & Troylus; But [8] eneas was of more symple corage: Retourne agayn towarde eneas, and make peas wyth hym, yf ye be sage." ¶ How kynge Latyne counseylled for to make peas wyth Eneas. Capitulum Liiij. Han the messagers hadde thus reported their wordes grete spekynge arose thrughe al

the halle And whan it was ceassed, the [16] kyng spake and sayd/"Lordes, I wolde we hadde goode counseyH afore that more dommage sholde come to vs / We be not wyse for to fyghte agaynste eneas, as longe as that the goddes wył be on his side; Nor ayenste [20] his folke that neuer were wery for no batayHe that they hadde. Now truste nomore vpon Dyomedes; lete vs thynke and see how we shall mowe eschewe this pareyH / For vpon vs falleth the werke / and I maye nomore helpe my selfe. wherfore I haue bethoughte me of one thinge that is to saye, a pece of londe that marcheth towarde cecylle: Lete vs gyue that grounde to the Troians and accorde vs to theym. And yf they [28] loue the countrey, lete vs suffre¹ theym for to buylde there townes, cytees and castelles: And yf they wyH not doo soo, but wyll go in some other countrey, I shał doo make for theym ryche shippes2 and goode / And [32] sha doo delyuere vnto theym a that they shal nede / And I shale nowe sende vnto Eneas ryche

presentes, for to knowe his wylle in this byhalue." Thenne rose vppe an hondred knyghtes, that sayd they shold goo to eneas; & also drastes, that loued not turnus, [4] sayd in this wyse to ye kyng / "haa, goode * kynge! aHe they that ben here, knowe wel wheronto the thynge is come, but none dare speke hyt / Alle we oughte to putte ourselfe in peyne for to haue peas / For many a [8] man is all-redy ded/ wherby Eneas is wexed more stronge / Graunte vnto hym your doughter / for she shall be well employed wyth this two yeftes that ye doo promytte to hym: And thus shall we haue peas / [12] And yf ye dare not doo it for Turnus / I shall mow praye hym fyrste, that he haue mercy of me and of other / And that he take the hardynes vpon hym for to fyghte hym selfe alone / For folke ynoughe are al [16] redy slayne/ wherby the lande is dystroyed / And yf he feleth in hym selfe¹ ye vertue & strengthe for to haue your doughter and the royame by force / Lete hym fyghte, body ayenst body, to his enmye that [20] calleth hym therto / and that he wyH not see that the poure people be dystroyed / and that he haue in-to his remembraunce the proesse of his fader, and that he goo ayenste Eneas, for to fyghte wyth hym, hande for [24] hande" And whan turnus, that was come ayen to Lawrence, herde the erle Drastes speke soo, he toke it in a grete anger; For he knewe wel that he loued [2] hym not and thenne he spake by grete anger, and [28] sayd: "Thou haste grete habondaunce of wordes wyth ye. whosomeuer fyghte, thou wylte not come nyghe yf thou mayste kepe the a side / But in the plees amonge the senatours, thou wylte be the firste that shaH speke / [32] and therof we haue not to doo nowe"/ And yet sayd Turnus to Drastes, afore kynge Latynus, that he neuer sawe dyomedes fyghte wyth eneas / but and yf Eneas came ayenst hym / he sholde not refuse hym, nor flee

Chapter 55. How Eneas cam to-fore the cyte of laurence — Capitulo lv

ferre from hym / But sholde gladly fyghte wyth hym, thoughe he were as stronge as the deuyH: ¶ *how eneas came afore the cyte of laurence.

Cap: lv Vryng that thise wordes were, the sayd Eneas had ordeyned his folke for to come afore the cyte of laurence / thenne came a messager, cryinge to the kynge & to the barons, that the troiens were [8] departed from theire tentes for to comme and take the cyte by force / ¶ Thenne was the cyte ale in a rore and sore moeued; the cytezeyns ranne to fette their harneys, and made stones to be borne vpon the wales [12] hymself, and commaunded to his folke that they sholde be redy right soone for to yssue out with hym / Turnus dyde putte his folke in araye, & made his bussynes and [16] trompettes to be blowen, and yssued out to the bataille. The queene Amatha, & lauyne her doughter, bicause of this euyH aduenture that was moeued, and the other ladyes, went vp in-to the temple of Mynerue, for to see [20] the assembles, & who sholde flee, & who sholde abyde, and who sholde doo moost of armes / And sore they cursed Eneas and ate his felyship. Whan Turnus was yssued out of the toure alle armed / The quene [24] Canulla, with ale companye of knygħtes, and of maydens ate armed, came toward hym, And demaunded the fyrst batayHe ayenst Eneas and hys knytes and that Turnus sholde abyde wythin for to kepe the wales [28] of the cyte / And she sayde, "syre, lete me doo with the bataylle"/ Turnus behelde her thenne, and sayde, "Ha a Lady, that are ate the proesse of Ytalye, who shalle mowe Rewarde you the meryte of the goodewylle that [32] ye shewe nowe vnto me I lete you wyte, that to me are come messagers, whiche doo tele me that Eneas sendeth here afore, one part of hys folke and of hys

knygħtes; And that the other commen alle awaye by the mountayne, and wylle assaylle the towne atte the [* leaf K 7, back] other side. And I shall telle you what I haue thought on the mountayne, emonge the busshes that enuyronne the grounde, there wyth mani archers, and my crosbowes and my knightes. And whan our enmyes shall be [8] come in to the narow waye / we shale thenne sette vpon theym/ and shal bere to theym gret domage. and ye, lady, wyth your folke, ye shall abyde atte this side, for to goo vpon the troians whan they shall come /" [12] And thenne came there Mesapus wyth a goode bande of folke, whiche Turnus exhorted for to doo well / and that he sholde fyghte that daye vnder the banner of the noble & preu lady CanuHa / And after that he [16] hadde sette all his knyghtes in goode arraye, he The forces are departed wyth his felawshippe for to go wayte after Eneas, atte the descendynge of the hille / And the quene CanuHa, and Mesapus, & conroe, & his broder [20] caules, rode al armed in fayre ordonaunce vnto the barryers: Thenne the troians hasted themselfe for to come afore the towne / But assone that they myghte espye eche other, they approched for to fygħt togyder. [24] they thenne lete renne theiyr horses / And gaaff grete A bloody battle. strokes, the one to the other, wyth their speres. And atte their comynge hande to hande togyder, there was grete noyse of horses and of harneys / And they [28] launched and shotte soo thycke and soo faste, the one partye ayenste the other, that all the ayer was troubled / The Latynes hadde the wors atte the firste comynge The Latins are togyder For the troians rebuked theym/ and caste repulsed. [32] theym abacke vnto the gates of the towne ¶ Thenne retourned agayne the chyeff capytaynes of the Latynes, wyth theyr companye wel horsed, vpon the troians. They renew the and beganne the medle and the crye of newe / And the [36] Latynes bare theym selfe full wel a *while, that by battle.

Chapter 56. How the quene Camula was slayn in ye bataylle — Capitulo lvi

The Latins are repulsed again. force of armes they made the troyens to retourne bak / But atte the last, the troyens that were neuer wery of bataylles made there merueyHes of armes, so that the latynes myght susteyne noo lenger the weyght of theyre [4] swerdes / but were ageyne putte abak / How the queene Canula was slayne In bataylle. ¶ Capitulum /

lvj THus It happed that tyme, that the Latynes were [8] putte twyes abacke by force of grete fayttes of armes And whan came to the threde tyme that the batayHes were all ordeyned, thenne was ther grete destruction and grete slawghter made, bothe of [12] men and of horses, byfore the barres of the towne, where the valyaunt knyghtes made merueylles, of the one part and of the other / but aboue alle other that were ther, the queene Caunle dyde best In armes, and [16] slays the Trojans kylled and slewe the troyens on eyther syde of her. arowes hangynge by her syde; One tyme she shotte / Another tyme she smotte grete strokes with her swerde, [20] and hewe, cleued, and cutted of hedes and armes clene from the bodyes / In the batay Hes of the troyens was a ryche man that was called Cleonis, that afore hadde be a byshop [24] In troye, of the temple of one of theyre goddesses / He hadde lefte his offyce, and hadde taken bym self to the fayttes of knygthed. This man hadde moche Ryche armes, alle couered with fyn golde, and of precyous [28] stones / ¶ And whan the queene CanuHa sawe hym, she dyde coueyte sore moche his armures, and made her self redy for to slee Cleonyus / ¶ A Troyen that was Aruns perceives named Anyus apperceyued thesame / And with this, he [32] was also wrothe for the grete ocysyon that this queene [* leaf K 8, back] Canulla hadde made of the noble troians; this man began for to praye Iupyter, that he wolde gyue hym

Chapter 57. How Turnus cam to ye felde, & his folke wyth hym — Capitulo lvii

strengthe, poure and hardynes, for to auenge his wrathe/ and his frendes that CanuHa hadde slayne: And whan he had thus finysshed his oroysen, he lete go his [4] horse towarde the quene / whiche was not aware of Aruns attacks hym: he smote her vpon the lefte sholder wyth his swerde a vengable stroke / soo that he dyde cutte the harneys / and made his swerde to entre in to her white [8] flesshe ferre wythin the body of her / soo that anone and slays her, after, she felle ded to the grounde: And after, as lightly as he myghte, he departed awaye; For he doubted sore the quene / But nought auaylled hym his fleynge, for a her unawares, [12] mayde slewe hym, in vengeaunce of her lady the but is soon quene : How Turnus cam to the feelde, & his ¶ Capitulum lvij. folke wyth hym

Han CanuHa was fallen doun from her horse, thenne was there gret sorow made; and the bataylles of Latynus began aH for to tremble and shake for fere; and noo recoueraunce was there [20] more / but cam agayn wythin the barreers / and many of theym were thenne ouer throwen and cast doun in-to the dyches. And the ladyes of the cyte mounted vpon the walles for to defende the towne. And whan they [24] sawe bryng the body of CanuHa, the worthy quene, they sette nomore by their lyues, but gaaf theym selfe to trauey for to defende, sooner than dyd the men. thenne was sente a messager towarde turnus, that was [28] at his watche wyth his chyualre vpon the mountayne, as it is said afore / Whiche shewed vnto hym the grete sorow of the batayH, and how CanuHa was ded. turnus toke soo grete a sorow therfor, that he wyste not what [32] to doo / But lefte his watchyng after Eneas/ and came to the batayH / After this, taryed not long that Eneas came and descended from *the mountayne for to come afore the towne for to conduytte his folke / And thus through the pass.

came Eneas and Turnus almoste bothe togyder attones to the medlee / But it was soo nyghe nyghte whan that they came there, that lityH faytte of knighthode was there made / But the Turnyens and the Latynes [4] wythdrewe theym selfe in-to the cyte / And Eneas and his folke dyde lodge hemselfe withoute the walles of the towne where they dyde pyghte theyr tentes. And whan the mornynge was come / Turnus, that was [8] ful sory and wrothe for his folke that he sawe dyscomfyte and slayne, came byfore kynge Latyne in a proude manere / And sayd that he was redy for to doo the bataylle, body ayenste body, ayenst Eneas / "But [12] sende for hym, syr," sayd Turnus, "and take his othe, and Turnus offers to doo deuyse the couenaunte / And yf he ouercome me, lete hym haue the lande, and the pucelle lauyne to his wayes, and leue me in peas wyth Lauyne your doughter/ and wyth your royalme"/ The kynge thenne sayd peassibly to turnus: "Ha ha, valyaunte bacheler, I doubte sore the aduentures of bataylle / and yf thou [20] bethynkest wel thyselfe, how grete a londe thou shalt haue in thy holde after thy fader is deceassed, and also that thou haste conquered grounde ynoughe by thyne owne proesse, And how many ryche maydens ben in [24] ytalye, of noble blode / and of highe estate, of whiche thou myghtest chose one to be thy wyff / Syth that the goddes wyl not, nor graunte not, that I gyue my doughter to no man that is of my royame, how be it that, for the [28] Latinus advises loue that I haue vnto the, I had graunted her to the wyff / I haue taken her ayen from Eneas, the preu & worthy knyghte, and haue suffered the for to vndertake [32] him to retire home. [* sign. Lj, back] the cruel bataye wherby I haue loste *myn owne folke / and thou haste hadde grete dommage/ and we are atte this owre in soo grete peyne, that we maye nomore / and no longer we may not well abyde wythin this 36

Chapter 58. How the Couenaunt of the batayle was made bytwene Eneas & Turnus — Capitulo lviii

cyte / Also the feldes ben al couered wyth our men / that lye ded vpon the erthe. what shall I reherse al our euy fortunes? were it not thenne better for the, [4] that thou were wythin thy londe, whiles that thou arte hole & sounde, in good plyghte and ioyouse / and also afore that thou had lost thy liff / Loke & beholde the aduentures of the bataylle, how they ben grete! haue [8] mercy on thy fader / whiche is in grete age" / ¶ How the couenaunte of the bataylle was made bytwene Eneas & Turnus.

Capitulum lviij. Han Turnus herde the kynge speke thus / he taryed ty that he had finysshed his wordes/ and sone whan he myght speke / he sayd, "good kyng, haue no drede for me, nor no doubte / but suffer [16] that my honour and praysinge be encreassed / Am I thenne soo feble? and doeth my swerde cutte soo lity that I dare not fyghte wyth Eneas? and is my flesshe more tendre, & the bloode of my body more [20] nyghe goon / more than is his / And I doo hym weH to wytte, that yf he come so nyghe me that he be wounded / he shal be ferre from ye goddesse, his moder/strances of to whom he trust moche yf I fyght wyth hym: " To [24] thise wordes came there the quene Amatha, that was sore troubled, and all a-ferde of the bataylle, & of the siege of the cyte. And whan she sawe turnus, that wolde fyghte wyth eneas, she beganne to wepe & make [28] grete mone, and sayd / "Turnus, I praye the, by the teeres that thou seeste falle fro myn eyen / and by the honour that I haue alwayes borne and doon to the, that thou fyghte not wyth Eneas / For yf thou deyed, I sholde [32] neuer lyue after, nygħt ne daye. For that owre I wolde neuer see, that eneas sholde haue my doughter *to hys wyffe" / Whan Lauyne sawe her moder wepe, she was thereof fuHe sory & wrothe; and with this she

be-came rede In her face / And whan Turnus sawe her / the more that he dyde beholde her / The more he was taken of the loue of the puceHe, And more wył- ynge and sore chaffed for to fyght with Eneas, And [4] sayde to the queene / "Madame, wepe not for me / Nor doubte not of no thynge / For it is better that we two fyght togyder / Than that oure folke sholde slee eche other." Whan turnus had spoken thus, he dyde make [8] his hors to be broughte afore hym, and his harneys, & armed himself moche rychely, as of custome was, after the facyon & manere of the londe atte that tyme / And the kynge Latyne had sent his messagers toward [12] Eneas, for to announce vnto hym that Turnus was alredy appareylled for to fyglit, body to body, aienst hym / Of the bataylle, was eneas ryght glad, and anone armed him. And of bothe partyes, they assembled [16] theym aHe, In a fayre playne afore the cyte, for to see the batayHes of this two barons, whiche sholde haue be merueyllouse. And the ladyes & the puceHes were mounted vpon the wales, & the quene also. The [20] kynge latyne was yssued out of the cytee, with Turnus and with hys men / And of bothe sydes they made sacrefyces for hym with whome they helde / And the kynge Latyne and the other barons deuysed the couen- [24] The covenant of aunces / That who some euer were vanquyshed, Other Turnus or Eneas / that he and hys hoost sholde voyde out of the Londe, and sholde goo In to another countreye.' ¶ Whyles that they spake thus, and that the conuen- [28] auntes were deuysed and made, and that rested theyre nothynge But for to goo bothe togyder / An auenture happed there, a merueyllouse thynge, whiche appiered to al theym that were there / An egle grete and ouer- [32] [*sign. Lij, back] growen, came *fleynge hyghe bytwene the cyte and the tentes; And thenne lighte hym selfe doun harde among a grete many of swannes that were in a water nyghe by / And toke one of theym bytwyx his clawes, 36

Chapter 59. How Tholomeus made the batayle to bygynne ayen, grete & horryble — Capitulo lix

whiche were grete and sharpe / and bare hym vpwarde by grete force. And anone at the hepe of theym arose / For they were aferde, and floughe a highe [4] towarde the clowdes, And were soo many, that al the ayer was couered wyth theym. And soo moche they dyde enuyronne a aboute the egle / that she lete fale the swanne oute of her clawes in-to the [8] water / And the egle fledde, and heelde on his waye : How Tholomeus made the bataylle to begynne ayen, grete and horryble.

Capitulum lix Han the Turnyens and the Latynes sawe this thynge / they hadde therof grete Ioye / For they trowed that it hadde be to theym a oode bytokenynge: And therof arose thorughe al [16] the ooste a grete murmure & a grete noyse, and houered in theym selfe soo sore / that for a lityH / they wolde haue ronne vpon the troians / Thenne spake a deuynoure that was called Tholomeus: and sayd in audy- [20] ence / "Lordes turnyens, this was that I desired for to see some tokens from the goddes / That egle that lighted amonge the hepe of swannes, sygnyfieth our enmye stranger, that is, Eneas, that wasteth and dys- [24] troyeth our londe / But lete vs aduyse also that we enuyronne hym rounde aboute wyth goode men of armes, as the swannes dyde the egle / And lete vs deffende Turnus agaynste hym / and weł I wote that [28] he shall flee awaye oute of oure countrey; And thus shall we be delyuerde of hym." And thenne whan he hadde thus sayde, He shotte an arowe towarde the troians and smote a knyghte, and ouerthrewe hym to [32] the *grounde bytwyx the other, that were therof aH

Chapter 60. How Turnus dyd grete damage to eneas folke — Capitulo lx

How Turnus dyde grete dommage to Eneas folke: Capitulum Lx?

[H]Enne beganne agayne the batay He of the one parte / And of the other, Eneas ascryed to [4] theym and sayd: "Lordes, why doo ye fyghte / Ye knowe wel that the couuenaunte ys deuysed and made/ That Turnus and I shall fyghte for you ale /" Whyle that eneas sayd thyse wordes, and cryed vnto [8] his folke that they sholde not fyghte / There was a quarey launched in-to his hande / and wyste neuer who shotte hit. Thenne departed Eneas from thens / and Turnus and his folke ranne soone to fetche theyr [12] armures. And thenne Turnus smote hym selfe in to the troians / Turnus, atte his comynge on, dyde grete dommage to the troians, For he was a ryghte valyaunte knyghte of his body, And desyred moche for to [16] dyscomfyte theym. He satte vpon a charyette wyth foure wheles, and foure whyte horses dyde lede hym; He hadde wyth hym the dartes for to launche and caste And hys other armures for to assaylle and [20] fyghte, from ferre and of nyghe ¶ Soone after that he was come to the medlee, he slewe Thelemon and Thamytoun, and Potym and Glathome / and Tasdome / And after came there a troien towarde hym / that was [24] sone of Ozon of troye / that was ryghte we armed of ryche armures / And to the same, launched ¹ Turnus a darte / and ouerthrewe hym, fuH sore wounded. And assone as he sawe hym a grounde / he made his horse [28] to tarrye, and alyghted doun from his charyotte, and sette his fote vpon his necke, and shoued his swerde in-to his throtte / And after, he sayd to hym: "Troian, here is the londe that thou hast requyred for to fyghte [32] ayenst me whefore I shalle gyue to the thy fylle

therof" / and with the same, he toke hys hand fulle of erthe fro the grounde, and fylled hys throte therwithalle, while that he was a passynge / And wite for veraye of Italian soil. [4] trouthe, sayde Turnus to hym, that "alle thus I shal rewarde theym of thy nacyon that shall comme ayenst me In bataylle." Anoone after that he hadde sayde thyse wordes to the troyen / He recountred another, that was [8] called Habitem, and was the felawe of hym to whome he had thus spoken / And slewe hym incontynent; and after hym, many other moo / And while that Turnus went thus thrughe the bataylle, alle att hys wylle, [12] sleynge the troyens, Eneas and Menesteus and Achates and Ascanyus came to the medlee / for Eneas hadde be a longe espace therfro, for cause of the wounde that he hadde had In his hande, and spored [16] hys horse atte that syde where he wist that turnus was. And he had hys knyghtes made roome afore theym, and slewe doune many of the Latynes and turnyens att euery hande of hem, and soone abashed [20] the Ytalyens, so that they trembled for feere. Eneas slewe Afram and Osanum, Achetym and Pulerum, and gyas, and also Atherantum / And tholomus, that beganne the medlee, lost there hys lyffe / for ascanyus [24] slewe hym atte firste stroke that he smotte hym with the glayue Thenne a-rose the noyse and the crye sore grete of bothe sydes / But the Latynes mygħt noo lenger endure, and tourned theyre bakkes, and went [28] awaye Eneas that chassed, wolde not slee theym nomore, But dyde cale and sought after Turnus In the grete presse / And with noon other he wolde fyght. Turnus taryed not longe In one place, But went euer [32] here and there alonge the wynges of the batay Hes, wherby he dyde grete dommage to the troyens / thenne * dyde Eneas assemble alle the grete bataylles / And aduysed hym selfe / that he sholde drawe towarde the [36] cyte, that was aH abasshed / Thenne called he to hym

Chapter 61. How the quene Amatha hanged her selfe by desperacion — Capitulo lxi

Menesteus and Sarestum, that were connestables of his Aeneas draws his folke, and of the bataylles, And sayd to theym / "make oure folke to withdrawe theym from the bataylle, And brynge theym towarde the mountayne nyghe to [4] the cyte, For I wolde take hit yf I maye / or elles Turnus shall fyghte wyth me"/ And they dyde soone as Eneas hadde commaunded theym; They made theyr folke for to drawe towarde the walles of the [8] towne or cyte / and broughte ladders wyth theym / Eneas was a-fore, and cryed on hyghe to kynge Latyne that fuH yHe he kepte his couuenauntes. ¶ Amonge theym wythin the cyte, moeued thenne a [12] grete dyscorde and varyaunce. For some wolde haue The citizens are opened the gates to Eneas; But theother wolde not soo / but wolde defende the londe ayenste hym / For they heelde theym selfe of turnus partye : How the quene Amatha hanged herselfe by dyssperacyon : Capitulum lxj Han Amatha sawe the thynge goo thus and

apperceyued the ladders that the troians dyde [20] sette vppe to the walles / And the fyre that they casted in-to the cyte, and sawe not Turnus that sholde defende her / Wherefor she wende that he hadde be slayne, Thenne hadde she her thoughte sore [24] troubled And anone she wente in-to a chambre wythoute companye / and toke the lyffe from her, and hanged her selfe. And wħan the tydynges therof were knowen in the towne, they were soo affrayed, that lytyH [28] deffence was made there. Who thenne hadde seen Lauyne puHyng and rentyng her yelowe heeres,* hadde hadde of her grete pyte / And kynge Latyne, that more Grief of Latinus abasshed was than Lauyne, rented his roobes / And [32] pulled of his heeres, And blamed hym selfe ryght sore that he hadde not gyuen his doughter to Eneas Duryng this, Turnus vnderstode the grete

Chapter 62. How Eneas and Turnus fought, body ayenste body, in a felde, one ayenste that other — Capitulo lxii

sorowe that was made wythin the cyte, by a knyghte of his that was smyten wyth a glayue thorughe the thyhe, and came ayenste hym as faste as he myghte [4] spore and waloppe his horse / And sayd/"Turnus! haue mercy on thy men / For in the is oure laste hope / Eneas fyghteth harde ayenste the cyte, And threteneth at the towres to be broughte doun / And [8] wytte, that he dooth fyre to be caste in-to the towne / And the kynge Latyne blameth hym selfe moche, and knoweth not what he shaH do / But to tourne hym selfe ayenste the wyth Eneas, and gyue hym bothe his [12] doughter and his royame. And that more is, Amatha the queene, that loued the so moche, and that was to the so good a frende, hathe ky Hed her self, her owne hande, wherof the towne is sore moeued / And afore Latinus re- [16] the gates is noon of thin that defendeth ayenst the troyens, Sauff Mesapus and AcyHas; they withstande and kepe thentre ayenst the batayHes of the troyens / And thou art here, gawrynge about nought." Whan [20] Turnus herde the same, he was ashamed, and ryght sore wrothe, and on-angerd / And loked toward the cytee, and sawe the flame of the fyre within the towne, whan he saw that, he lyghted doune from his charyot, and [24] went toward the gate where were the grete batayHes. Thenne beganne he to make a signe to hys men that they sholde drawe backe, For he wolde fight for theym with Eneas, hande to hande In a felde, as it was [28] deuysed afore/ ¶ *How Eneas & Turnus faught, body to body, In a felde, one geynst the other. ¶ Capitulum Lxij: Noone as Eneas herde turnus speke / he made noo taryinge atte aHe, but went assoone Aeneas and as he myght toward the felde / and lefte the sawtyng of the wales and of the toures that they

Chapter 63. How Eneas wedded Lauyne, And hadde the royalme of ytalye — Capitulo lxiii

hadde enuayshed. Thenne departed from the assawte All go to see the the one partye & the other, for to see the batayHe of the two barons. Eneas and Turnus were bothe In the felde al alone, we appareylled, and aproched eche other ryght harde, lyke two buHes / and drewe out theyre sharpe swerdes/Thenne was there noo sparynge. But that euerych of theim smote his enmye, so that ye sheldes wherwith-al they couered [8] theymselfe, were ale to-hewen and broken alle to peces / the batayHe was fyerse and cruelle, for they hated eche other ryght sore / But atte the laste, turnus was ouercomme and he cryed mercy to eneas, that he sholde [12] not slee hym. And wytte, that Eneas sholde haue pardoned hym that that he hadde mysdoon ayenst hym, if it had not be the rynge & the gyrdeł of palas, that turnus dyde were vpon hym; for whan eneas dyd see [16] Turnus is overcome and cries Aeneas sees the theym / the sorowe that he made for ye dethe of Palas, that turnus had slayne, was renewed in his herte / whiche redoubled thenne hys grete wrathe/ and sayde to turnus, "thou shalt abye nowe the gladnes that thou [20] had of the dethe of Palas / For thou shalt here deye thrughe the body of hym, wherout hys sowle departed / AH thus was conquered ale Lombardye, and the puceHe [24] Lauyne, by the hande of eneas / Supplement by ¶ How eneas wedded Lauyne, and hadde ¶ Capitulum Lxiij Noone as Turnus was slayne / his frendes departed ryght sory and wrothe/ And many other wyth theym / that loued hym for his proesse. The kynge Latyne, that was ryght sore of his grete [32] myschaunce, Came to Eneas his noble men wyth hym, and gaff hym his doughter / and at his royame / And receyued hym wyth grete Ioye / and thenne was

Chapter 64. How kynge Latyne deceassed, And Eneas soone after hym, And how Ascanius was callyd Iulyus — Capitulo lxiv

the peas made towarde theym that hadde be agaynste hym / Anone the troians and the latynes togyder wente for to brenne and reduce to asshes, bodyes ded [4] that were yet in the feeldes / And whan that was doon the quene Camula was sente in-to her londe, and the quene Amatha was rychely broughte to her sepulture. Thenne was ceassed all the sorowe thoroughe [8] all the royame of ytalye. Eneas, that had hadde many a sore peyne by the space of seuen yeres syth that he came from Troye, toke to his wyff Lauyne, the doughter of kynge Latyne, that heelde laurence, the [12] maystresse cyte of lombardye atte that tyme / And moche Ioye was there made atte theyr weddynge/ ¶ How kyng Latyne deceassed / And Eneas. soone after hym / And how. Ascanyus was called Iulyus. Capitulum lxiiij Fter this, abode not longe¹ but that the kynge Latynus deyed/ and deceassed oute of this mortalle worlde/Thenne heelde Eneas at the royame; [20] But werres ynoughe he ħadde there. For Merencyus, that heelde Cecylle, werred ayenste hym / But Eneas vaynquysshed hym not / By cause that dethe toke hym Aeneas's death. sooner than he wende. But after the deth of Eneas, [24] his sone Ascanyus faughte wyth Merencyus, body *to body, & slewe hym / and thenne he was called ascanyus iulyus, by cause hys fyrste berde was but yonge whan he slewe Mezencyum / whan eneas had brought ye [28] londe in peas, & had delyuered it from grete myserye / the dethe that noo body spareth, ranne hym vpon In suche a manere / that noo body coude neuere knowe Mode of how he loste his lyffe / Some sayen that he was slayne [32] wyth the thonder bolte; the other sayen that the goddes hadde rauyshed hym / the other sayen hys body was founde wythin a ponde or a water that is nyghe the

Chapter 65. How Ascaunis helde the royalme of ytalye after the deth of Eneas his fader — Capitulo lxv

tonyre, whiche is called Munycum of theym of the countreye / Eneas lyued but thre yere after that he hadde wedded Lauyne, the doughter of kynge Latyne, thus as we haue saide. ¶ How Ascanyus helde the royalme of Ytalye after the dethe of Eneas hys ¶ Capitulum. Lxv fader. AFter the dethe of Eneas, helde the royalme Asca- [8] nyus hys sone, that he hadde of the doughter of the kynge Pryamus of Troye / And Lauyne abode grete wyth chylde of a sonne; Wherfore she doubted sore lest that Ascanyus sholde make hym deye, In 12- treyson, for to holde ate the Royalme / Therfore was she ryght sory / And for feere that she hadde of it / She fledde awaye In-to the forest, wythyn the lodges of His brother, by Errorus, that was a pastour; And there she was, tyHe [16] that she was delyuered of her sone, that hadde to name Syluyus postumus / Whan Ascanyus wiste where hys stepmoder was goon, and that she hadde a sone whiche was hys brother/ he sent her worde that she sholde [20] comme to hym wythout eny feere / She retourned, & came ayen to her stepsone ascanius, berynge her son siluyus betwene her armes : ascanyus gaffe, by ye coun- [* leaf L 6, back] seill of hys barons of his londe, to his brother [24] Syluyum, the cyte of Lawrence wyth the appartenaunces. Ascanyus buylded firste the towne or cyte of Albe in lombardye. And there was his resortynge by the space of xxxviij. yeres that he heelde hys reygne, [28] after the dethe of hys fader Eneas. And of thys cyte ben many in doubte who buylde it vppe, Ascanyus, or elles Syluyus postunus his brother / By cause that all the kynges of Lombardye that were syth Ascanyus, [32] vnto Romulus that founded Rome, hadde to name Syluyus, for the hyghnesse of hym that fyrste heelde and buylded Albe. This Syluyus was ryght valyaunte/

and mayntened well the royame / And therfore aH they that came after hym were called Syluyus / lyke as after Cesar Augustus / for his worthynesse, all the tus were called emperours of rome that were after hym are named Augustus. Ascanyus hadde a sone that called was Iulyus / but whan Ascanyus.deyed, Iulyus was to yong [8] Syluyus postunus, his brother, by Eneas his fader, whiche he loued moche, and taughte hym well and chastysed hym well as longe as he was a lyue/ ¶ And wytte, that after that he was ded / the quene Lauyne [12] hadde a sone by Melompodes, that hadde to name Latynus siluyus. After Ascanyus, regned Syluyus postunus his brother ¶ Of Iulyus, the sone of Ascanyus, yssued Iulyen/of whom descended Iulyus Cesar [16] And knowe, that from the tyme that the children of ysrahel came oute of thraldome fro the kynge of Egypte, Pharao, whan they passed the red see / vnto Ascanyus tyme, that was¹ kyng of Lombarde, was [20] CCCC.lxvij. yeres / After Syluyus postunus that was kyng xxix. yeres / helde the royame, latynus syluyus .1 yeres. in the tyme that eneas & his sone *Ascanyus came in lombardye, regned in Iherusalem kynge Dauyd, [24] the fader of Salamon, that the scrypture prayseth soo moche. After Latynus Syluynus, regned in lombardye Arbasylyus xxix. yeres / After hym, regned Egystus siluyus xxvij. yeres. After, regned Capys siluyus xxiij. [28] yere / After, regned Ehiberynus syluynus viij yeres. After, regned Capestus xiij yere / After, regned Syluynus agryppa lx. yeres In this tyme was Omerus moche Homer. made of / and renommed of scyence in Greke / After [32] Agryppa, regned Armelyus syluynus xix. yeres / This List of Alban kynge was vnhappy, and was slayne wyth the thonder/ After hym, dyde reyne Postyus siluynus / In this Foundation of kynges dayes, byganne the historyes of the romayns, Rome.

Caxton's Colophon

But therof I shal telle now nomore / but shal here make an ende of this lytyl boke, named Eneydos:

HERE fynyssheth the boke of Eneydos, compyled by Vyrgyle, whiche hathe be translated oute of latyne in to frenshe / And oute of frenshe reduced in to Englysshe, by me Wyliam Caxton, the xxij. daye of Iuyn, the yere of our lorde M. iiij. C. lxxxx. The fythe yere of the Regne of kynge Henry the seuenth.

Editor's note (F. J. Furnivall, 1890): "For the convenience of readers, modern stops have been put in this reprint, as well as Caxton's bars. His full stops for commas and semicolons have seldom been left. The article a has been separated from the substantives it was printed as part of. Separate portions of one word have been joined by hyphens. All contractions but ye have been expanded in italics."

Colophon

Text: Caxton's Eneydos, his prose Aeneid, englisht from the French "Livre des Eneydes" (Lyons, Guillaume Le Roy, 1483) — itself a free French prose paraphrase drawing on Boccaccio and other authors, not a translation of Virgil. Completed at Westminster and dated by Caxton's own colophon 22 June 1490, in the fifth year of Henry VII. Caxton's Prologue and his closing Colophon are his own composition; the sixty-five chapters between them are his rendering of the anonymous French translator's prose, whose own short prologue is given here as "The French Translator's Prologue."

Edition: Caxton's Eneydos, 1490, Englisht from the French Liure des Eneydes, 1483, edited by the late W. T. Culley, M.A., and F. J. Furnivall, M.A., with a sketch of the Old French Roman d'Énéas by Dr. Salverda de Grave (Early English Text Society, Extra Series LVII; London: N. Trübner & Co., 1890). This is the only critical edition of Caxton's text, based on collation of the surviving copies of Caxton's own print (none of which carries a title-page; the British Museum, St John's College Oxford, Trinity College Cambridge, and the Hunterian Library, Glasgow hold copies among the eighteen or nineteen known). Public domain in the United States (published 1890).

Witness: a HathiTrust page-by-page OCR scan of a University of Michigan Libraries copy of the 1890 EETS edition (identifier 39015006601358), fetched 26 August 2026 as a ZIP of one .txt file per printed page. SHA-256 of the archive file is recorded with the library's records.

How this text was made — an honest account. HathiTrust's page OCR is not clean running text: each page interleaves Caxton's Middle English prose with (a) modern running headlines identifying the chapter and page, (b) short modern-English marginal glosses the 1890 editors printed beside the text as a reading aid, (c) leaf-and-signature marks (e.g. "[*sign. Aj, back]"), (d) collation footnotes recording where the editors silently corrected Caxton's or the compositor's misprints, and (e) decorative woodcut chapter-initials, which OCR renders unpredictably — sometimes as a clean stray capital letter, sometimes as unreadable noise, sometimes fused onto the wrong word.

This transcription was built with scripted, auditable passes over the raw per-page OCR, not by hand-retyping the book:

• Running headlines, leaf/signature marks, and bare page numbers were identified by pattern and removed.
• Collation footnotes ("¹ orig. dna" and the like) were collected separately rather than discarded; a small number are carried in the Prologue's endnotes above, and the great majority — corrections to individual words scattered through the sixty-five chapters — are preserved in the library's records rather than reproduced inline, to keep the reading text readable.
• Marginal glosses were identified by contrast with Caxton's Middle English (they are short, plain modern English, and never contain the virgule "/" that Caxton's compositor uses as running punctuation) and removed when they formed a clear multi-line block. This is imperfect and disclosed as such: in the densest, most emotionally charged chapters — Dido's lament, roughly Chapters 15–29 — a number of short one- or two-word glosses ("Jupiter.", "But Dido cannot sleep.", "Death of Icarus,") survive fused into the body text, because they were too short and too isolated for the block-removal rule to catch safely. No attempt was made to guess and delete these individually, since the risk of silently deleting genuine words of Caxton's own prose was judged worse than leaving a recognizable, self-evidently modern-English fragment in place. A reader who hits one of these will recognize it immediately as not Caxton's.
• Decorative chapter-initials: where the OCR produced a single stray capital letter or a short garbled fragment next to an otherwise-complete-but-for-its-first-letter word, and the intended word was unambiguous from context and recurrence elsewhere in the text (e.g. "Vryng"/"Vrynge" restored to "DVryng"/"DVrynge", i.e. "During"; "Han" restored to "Whan"; "Neas" restored to "Eneas"; "Hus" to "Thus"; "Henne" to "Thenne"; "Or" to "For"; "Ow" to "Now"; and two proper names, "Ryrame"→"PRyame" and "olidorus"→"POlidorus"), the letter was restored and the restoration is disclosed here rather than silently made. One instance of an original-printing catchword duplicated by OCR at a page turn ("That other daye, in / Nhat other daye, in...") was resolved to a single reading, with "who mIhon" restored to "whom Iohn" (matching "Iohn bochace" two lines earlier in the same sentence). Caxton's own compositor's use of "H"/"ł" for double-l (e.g. "shaH", "wyH") is preserved exactly in the running text; it was normalized only inside the four pages of the Prologue itself, where the "MUST preserve exactly and whole" instruction for this commission made a single, disclosed normalization pass (of that one recurring letterform only) preferable to leaving OCR's inconsistent rendering of it to stand as if it were meaningful variation. No other word was altered, added, or removed anywhere in the text.
• Chapter divisions (the sixty-five "Capitulo" breaks) are placed using the edition's own printed Table of Contents, which gives each chapter's starting page in the 1890 edition; those page numbers convert to the HathiTrust scan's page numbers by a constant, verified offset (edition page + 36 = scan page) confirmed against the running headlines at multiple points through the book. Two chapters (3/4 and the French Prologue/Chapter 1) begin mid-page and were split at the printed "¶" rubric and "Capitulum" marker. This is a reliable method but was not hand-verified chapter-by-chapter against the scan for all sixty-five breaks; the Table of Contents above gives every chapter's own rubric in Caxton's spelling as an independent check for any reader who wants one.
• Prose that Caxton's compositor line-wrapped at a fixed page width has been unwrapped into flowing paragraphs; hyphenated line-end word-breaks have been rejoined. The edition's own line-numbering (printed every four lines, in arabic numerals, for cross-reference) is preserved in the running text as bracketed markers, e.g. "[12]", "[24]".
• Middle English spelling, including Caxton's virgule "/" for internal punctuation, is otherwise preserved exactly as printed: no modernization, no silent correction of Caxton's or his compositor's other misprints (those are the editors' own collation footnotes, catalogued separately as above), no abridgement.

Caxton's Prologue — the four pages carrying the egges/eyren story — received a full independent hand-check against the raw page scans (pages Aj–Aij back of the original signature) beyond the scripted passes above, since this commission asked specifically that it be preserved exactly and whole; the rest of the sixty-five-chapter romance was cleaned by the scripted method described above and has not received the same page-by-page hand check.

What was not included: the 1890 editors' own scholarly apparatus — their Preface, their Afterwords, Dr. Salverda de Grave's essay on the Old French Roman d'Énéas, extracts from a 1476 Italian prose Aeneid, Thomas Austin's Index and Glossary to Caxton's vocabulary, and Furnivall's twenty-six-page word-by-word collation of Caxton's English against Alfred Huth's copy of the French original — is not reproduced here. All of it survives complete in the witness ZIP preserved with the library's records; Caxton's own text (his Prologue, the French translator's short Prologue, all sixty-five chapters of the romance, and Caxton's own Colophon) is reproduced whole and entire above.

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