Tuesday, November 3, 2026 · 天火 · tianmu.org
Subhagupta
Tibetan-preserved epistemological works by Subhagupta on testimony, exclusion, and omniscience.
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Texts
Verses on Establishing Omniscience — SubhaguptaŚubhagupta's compact epistemological argument that if scripture is a valid source of knowledge, an omniscient being must exist — a cornerstone of the Buddhist Pramāṇa tradition's defense of the Buddha's authority.Verses on Examining Exclusion — SubhaguptaŚubhagupta's seventy-eight-verse defence of Dignāga's apoha theory — how words refer not by pointing to real universals but by excluding what they do not designate. The third of three epistemological verse treatises by this Indian Buddhist logician preserved in the Tengyur. A new English translation.Verses on Examining Testimony — SubhaguptaŚubhagupta’s nineteen-verse epistemological attack on the Vedic claim that scripture can reliably convey knowledge — a companion to his Verses on Establishing Omniscience, dismantling the word-meaning relationship that the Mīmāṃsā school takes for granted. An earlier English translation exists (named in the colophon).