A Good Works Translation from Marichal 1974
These fragments are the ragged edge of the La Graufesenque account archive: broken vessel rows, potter names, count signs, uncertain numerals, and small sherds that still show how the kiln records were built.
Translation
These damaged firing accounts preserve the workshop surface of Condatomagus: broken potter names, vessel terms, count marks, and ledger rows written before firing. The controlled group here comes from Marichal 1974: 15B, 18B + 21B, 20B, 22B, 23B, 24B, 31B, 34B, 37B, and 38B. The English gives a careful account guide only. It does not convert the technical vessel words into modern pottery labels, and it does not claim to replace the La Graufesenque corpus edition.
15B
Cautious rendering:
Recto
- [...]
mortari, bessalis-sign [...]uinari[...]- [...
alani...]catilli us[...]catilli bol[...]bol[...]Verso
- Elenos.
- Lilous.
15B belongs with 14B and 16B by hand. Marichal prefers mortari over pultari because the dimension sign fits mortari; the broken ].alani line remains a vessel-word problem. The verso names are preserved as names, not converted into an account sentence.
18B + 21B
Cautious rendering:
paraxidi: 1,400? [...]acitabli: 1,100? [...]catili: 1,200? [...]- [...
t...]catili: 100? [...]- [...]
- [...]
- [...]: 800 [...]
- [...]: 1,300 [...]
The first line includes a barred D sign in Marichal's reading. The sequence is useful because paraxidi, acitabli, and catili occur together, but damaged signs prevent a confident modern table.
20B
Cautious rendering:
- [...]: 100? [...]
- [...]: 300? or 400? [...]
- [...]
- [...
esi]: 700 [...]- [...
bri curati]: 1,000 [...]
Marichal compares ]bri curati with the vessel-vocabulary problem discussed elsewhere, but the visible b signs are also palaeographic problems. The translation therefore keeps 20B as a damaged account control rather than a stable vocabulary proof.
22B
Cautious rendering:
- [...]: 100?; triens-sign: 400? [...]
- [...
pannas]: 850; 100? [...]- [...]: 1,700?; 100? [...]
- [...]: 800; 500? [...]
22B is important for layout. Marichal stresses the unusual arrangement: two dimensions or count groups may stand on the same line, perhaps because the dimensions from the opening row were understood for the following rows.
23B and 24B
Cautious rendering:
23B
- Callisti [...]
acitabl...[...]meosi[...]- M
24B
- [...]: 250? or 50? [...]
acitabla[...]
23B and 24B are linked to 22B by hand and perhaps by vessel. Callisti is secure for 23B. meosi remains unexplained. 24B matters because acitabla gives a neuter-form control also seen in 36B.
31B and 34B
Cautious rendering:
31B
catili: 1,000 [...]34B
- [...]: 300? 10? [...]
- [...]: 500? 12? [...]
- [...]: 30? 8? / 34? [...]
- [...]: 10? [...]
31B is tiny but useful for the catili account field. 34B is mostly count traces under the COS[IUS RUFUS stamp and should be read as layout evidence rather than as a translated account.
37B and 38B
Cautious rendering:
37B recto
- Cotu[s]:
salaria[...]- Uales:
parapsidi[...]- Calistus:
ut...[...]37B verso
- [unresolved incised strokes or signs]
38B
- [...]: 130; triantales-sign; 100? [...]
- [...]: 50?;
catilli usedi[...]- [...]: 500?;
acetabli[...]- [...]: 200? [...]
37B gives useful salaria, parapsidi, and Calistus controls, but its verso is not translated. 38B is valuable for catilli usedi, acetabli, and the evolved double-stroke triantales sign, while the damaged left edges keep the account relationships uncertain.
Ledger Pattern
15B: Vessel terms and the Elenos/Lilous verso-name control.
18B + 21B: paraxidi, acitabli, catili, and damaged high-count signs.
20B: Damaged count rows and the cautious ]bri curati problem.
22B: Unusual account layout with paired count or dimension groups.
23B-24B: Callistus, meosi, and neuter acitabla.
31B-34B: Tiny count controls and mostly numerical account traces.
37B-38B: salaria, parapsidi, catilli usedi, acetabli, and triantales-sign evidence.
These fragments are small individually, but together they make the La Graufesenque account system more legible: repeated vessel terms, count signs, potter names, damaged dimensions, and the conservative rule that uncertain sherds remain uncertain.
Colophon
This page presents a source-close Good Works dossier for selected damaged firing-account fragments from Robert Marichal, "Nouveaux graffites de La Graufesenque, IV," Revue des Etudes Anciennes 76.1-2 (1974), pp. 85-110, and "Nouveaux graffites de La Graufesenque, IV. Suite et fin," Revue des Etudes Anciennes 76.3-4 (1974), pp. 266-292.
The English is a New Tianmu Anglican Church Good Works Translation made from inspected Persée page text and page-image controls. It is intentionally source-close: these fragments are broken account controls, so the translation preserves line order, source vessel terms, count signs, damaged openings, and uncertainty.
This is a bounded account-fragment dossier, not a complete La Graufesenque corpus edition. Marichal's 1988 corpus remains the major complete-corpus control for larger claims.
Compiled and formatted for the Good Works Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.
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Source Text: Marichal 1974, Additional La Graufesenque Firing-Account Fragments
Latin-script source text from the inspected Persée page text for Marichal 1974. The source text is presented for reference, study, and verification alongside the English source-close translation above.
15B
Source: Marichal 1974, pages 104-105.
Recto
].a.[
mor]tari S[=
]uinari[
]. alani [
]catilli u[s
]catilli bo[l
b[ol
Verso
ELENOS
LILOUS
18B + 21B
Source: Marichal 1974, page 107.
par]axidi · (I) CD
a]citabli (I) C.
ca]tili (I) CC
]t . . · catili · Ç
]
]
]P
]DCCC
]'(I) CCC
Source notes:
Marichal reads the sign after C in line 1 as a barred D, the usual La Graufesenque sign for 500.
Line 4 includes a problematic isolated t or sign before `catili`.
20B
Source: Marichal 1974, page 108.
]Ç
]ÇCG
]CCCC
]esi · DCC ·
]bri curati · (I)
Source notes:
Marichal compares `]bri curati` with the vessel-name discussion on page 103, but the letter shapes remain difficult.
22B
Source: Marichal 1974, page 109.
]Ç - = CCCÇ[
]pannas DCCCL C[
] . (I) DCCG C[
]DCCC D[
Source notes:
Marichal treats the layout as exceptional because count or dimension groups stand in unusual relation on the same lines.
23B and 24B
Source: Marichal 1974, pages 109-110.
23B
CALLISTI[
acitabl . [
]meosi[
M
24B
]GCL L[
a]citabla ·[
Source notes:
Marichal links 23B and 24B with 22B by hand and perhaps by vessel.
`acitabla` in 24B is a neuter-form control also relevant to 36B.
31B and 34B
Source: Marichal 1974, page 282.
31B
ca]tili . (I)
34B
]PCCC X[
]DC XII[
]XXX IIX [
]XXX IIII [
]x [
37B and 38B
Source: Marichal 1974, pages 283-284.
37B recto
][
COTU[S] salaria[
UALES paraps[idi
CALISTUS VT[
37B verso
[unresolved strokes or signs]
38B
]·[
]CXXX = = C[
]L cat(illi) u[s(edi)
]D acet[abli
]. cc[
Source notes:
Marichal treats 37B verso as incised before firing but unresolved.
In 38B, the double-stroke sign is identified as triantales, and `catilli usedi` is supported by the trace along the break.
Source Colophon
Base source: Robert Marichal, "Nouveaux graffites de La Graufesenque, IV," Revue des Etudes Anciennes 76.1-2 (1974), pp. 85-110, especially pp. 104-110; and "Nouveaux graffites de La Graufesenque, IV. Suite et fin," Revue des Etudes Anciennes 76.3-4 (1974), pp. 266-292, especially pp. 282-284.
Local controls inspected: Tulku/Tools/celtic/sources/major_prestige_2026-05-13/la_graufesenque_open_series/pages/rea_0035-2004_1974_num_76_1_T1_0104_0000.html through ...T1_0110_0000.html; ...T1_0282_0000.html; ...T1_0283_0000.html; ...T1_0284_0000.html; and plate-image controls in Tulku/Tools/celtic/sources/major_prestige_2026-05-13/la_graufesenque_open_series/marichal_1974_13B_38B_images/.
This source text is normalized only enough for readable Good Works display. Damaged openings, bracketed restorations, unusual signs, source numerals, and technical vessel terms are preserved.
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