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La Graufesenque Work-Account Fragments -- Atelia and Candidus Labor Ledgers

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A Good Works Translation from Marichal 1974

These sherds from La Graufesenque preserve a different side of the Condatomagus account archive: not firing totals, but days of labor, people hired or supplied, clay, wood, market trips, polishing, and named places around the potting economy.

Translation

These fragments open the labor side of La Graufesenque: slave service, muleteer work, fuel or material hauling, polishing, and market movement appear as account rows rather than prose. The controlled group is Marichal 1974 items 25B, 26B, and 32B. The translation keeps the account rows, personal names, place names, damaged openings, and uncertain restorations visible.

25B Recto

Cautious rendering:

  1. [Account of the workdays] of Atelia's slaves, from 22 July
  2. to 23 August:
  3. Secundus and Agileius: fourteen and a half days [at] clay;
  4. [out of] thirty days: four at Capuries, eleven and a half [at ...];
  5. [Onesimus, Ca]listus:
  6. [Onesimus] at Sabros three days, at Craucina [...]
  7. [Calistus] at Craucina three days; likewise Onesimus [...]
  8. [at] stacking wood: one day;
  9. [out of] thirty days; [Onesimus?] at ... three days; Calistus at polishing [...]
  10. [...]eos and Vigedos: three days at market [at ...];
  11. [at] stacking wood [...]
  12. [at] clay three days [...]
  13. [...]
  14. [...] at [...]

The two dated lines frame the account between the eleventh day before the Kalends of August and the tenth day before the Kalends of September. Marichal reads the period as a labor account from 22 July to 23 August and explains the repeated dierum XXX as "out of thirty days" in the account period.

The named people are Secundus, Agileius, Calistus, Onesimus, a broken ...eos, and Vigedos. Atelia is treated as the person whose slaves were hired or supplied, not as the potter directly employing them. The tasks and places are not flattened: argilam is clay work; Capuries, Sabros, and Craucina are kept as place names; materiem erigedam is wood-stacking or setting up fuel material; mercatu is market service; ad samiandum is polishing.

25B Verso

Cautious rendering:

  1. The muleteer of Candidus Urius: twenty-five days.
  2. [At] clay?
  3. [To] market?
  4. [To] Sabros?

The verso is written by the same hand as the recto. Marichal treats it as a companion note: the muleteer associated with Candidus Urius helped the labor group recorded on the other face.

26B

Cautious rendering:

Recto

  1. [...] [at] stacking wood: one [...]

Verso

  1. [...] of days [...]
  2. [...]t eg..[

Marichal connects 26B with 25B by script and content, while warning that the relative line positions do not let us make it a direct missing fragment of 25B. Its clearest recto phrase belongs to the same fuel-material task field as 25B.

32B

Cautious rendering:

  1. ].ales
  2. ]. eighteen days

Marichal connects 32B with 25B verso and 26B. It may be the end of one of the three marginal verso lines or a fragment of an upper line now lost. The dossier therefore keeps it as a related labor-account fragment rather than forcing a complete entry.

Account Pattern

The cluster is valuable because it records labor organization rather than only vessel counts.

25B recto: The main labor account: Atelia's slaves, dates, named people, places, and tasks.

25B verso: A companion note for the muleteer of Candidus Urius and twenty-five days of service.

26B: A related fragment in the same hand/content family, with a fuel-material task trace.

32B: A related fragment with a remaining day-count line, possibly from the lost upper or marginal part of the same account family.

The record opens a small window into organized workshop labor at Condatomagus: hired slave service, transport help, clay supply, fuel preparation, market trips, and polishing. It is a careful page for one controlled cluster, not a complete La Graufesenque corpus edition, and it does not make a public priority claim.

Reading Notes

Atelia: Marichal first considered a relation to Atilius or Attilius, then follows Lejeune's caution that a Gaulish name in -a may be feminine. The public layer keeps Atelia as a personal name.
Vigedos: Marichal notes the possibility of a Gaulish name and compares late Latin vigidus; the English keeps the name unchanged.
Capuries: left as a place name; Marichal offers no secure identification.
Sabros: treated as a place name, perhaps a river-name formation.
Craucina: treated as a place name, likely from a stone or rough-ground root rather than a common task word.
materiem erigedam: rendered as stacking or setting up wood/fuel material, following Marichal's explanation that materies can refer to the fuel wood needed for kilns.
ad samiandum: rendered as polishing, with Marichal's caution that the form could superficially look like a place expression but makes better workshop sense as a technical polishing task.
mulio CANDIDI URI: read as the muleteer of Candidus Urius, with Urius possibly a name or patron/master relation in Marichal's note.
dies xiix: rendered as eighteen days, preserving the source spelling in the appendix.

Colophon

This page presents a source-close Good Works dossier for La Graufesenque 25B recto, 25B verso, 26B recto and verso, and 32B from Robert Marichal, "Nouveaux graffites de La Graufesenque, IV. Suite et fin," Revue des Etudes Anciennes 76.3-4 (1974), pp. 266-292.

The English is a New Tianmu Anglican Church Good Works Translation made from the inspected Persée page text and page-image controls. It is intentionally source-close: the fragments are account records, so the translation preserves line divisions, names, source terms, place names, and uncertainty.

This is a bounded labor-account dossier, not a complete La Graufesenque corpus edition. Marichal's 1988 corpus remains the major complete-corpus control for larger claims.

Compiled and formatted for the Good Works Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.

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Source Text: Marichal 1974, La Graufesenque Work-Account Fragments

Latin-script source text from the inspected Persée page text for Marichal 1974. The source text is presented for reference, study, and verification alongside the English source-close translation above.

25B Recto

Source: Marichal 1974, page 266.

].ATELIAE puerorum ex XI Augustus
]in X K(alendas) Septebres
SE]CUNDUS, AGILEIUS dies XIIII s(emis) ar[gilam
]dierum XXX, III ad Capuries, XI[
CA]LISTUS
OjNESIMUS ad Sabros III, ad Crau[cinam
ad Graucinam III it ONESIMUS[
mat]eriem erigenda I
Jdierum XXX
jae III CALISTUS ad samiandum[
J...EOS, UIGEDOS III mercatu a[d
era ].s materi erigedam[
]argilam III di[es
1 [
]s ad a[

Source notes:

1: Marichal supplies the sense "workdays of Atelia's slaves" but does not force a single restored opening word.
2: Marichal explains the date range as 22 July to 23 August.
7: `it` is treated as an identity adverb comparable to item/itus/eti, not as the conjunction `et`.
8 and 11: `materiem erigedam` belongs to the wood or fuel-stacking task field.
9: `dierum XXX` marks the thirty workdays in the account period.
10: `ad samiandum` is treated by Marichal as polishing rather than as a place name.

25B Verso

Source: Marichal 1974, page 277.

mulio CANDIDI URI d(ies) XXV

ar[gilam?
ad m[ercatum?
ad Sabr[os

Source notes:

Marichal describes the verso as the same hand as 25B recto and as a complement to that account.
`URI` may be Urius or Vrius in the name relation behind Candidus Urius.

26B Recto and Verso

Source: Marichal 1974, page 277.

Recto
]...[ materiem erijgedam I[

Verso
]dum dier[um
]t eg..[

Source notes:

Marichal connects 26B with 25B by script and content, but not as a physically certain fragment of the same sherd.

32B

Source: Marichal 1974, page 282.

].ales
]. dies xiix

Source notes:

Marichal connects 32B with 25B verso and 26B, possibly as an end of one of the marginal verso lines or of an upper lost line.

Source Colophon

Base source: Robert Marichal, "Nouveaux graffites de La Graufesenque, IV. Suite et fin," Revue des Etudes Anciennes 76.3-4 (1974), pp. 266-292, especially pp. 266-277 and 282.

Local controls inspected: Tulku/Tools/celtic/sources/major_prestige_2026-05-13/la_graufesenque_open_series/pages/rea_0035-2004_1974_num_76_3_T1_0266_0000.html through ...T1_0277_0000.html; ...T1_0282_0000.html; and plate-image controls in Tulku/Tools/celtic/sources/major_prestige_2026-05-13/la_graufesenque_open_series/marichal_1974_13B_38B_images/, especially plate IX figure 15 and plate X figures 16-20.

This source text is normalized only enough for readable Good Works display. Damaged openings, bracketed restorations, unusual spellings such as Septebres, source numerals, and uncertain local forms are preserved.

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