A Reconstructed Tocharian B Reading
Daily Veneration of the Buddhas is a small Tocharian B Buddhist devotional cluster preserved in two damaged witnesses, PK NS 48 and 258 from Duldur-akur and THT 552 from Kizil Ming-öy. The surviving lines belong to a practice of recollection: calling the virtues of the Buddha to mind, making vows for all beings, and remembering past and future awakened ones.
This Good Works Translation was made from the Tocharian B transcriptions checked against the archived CEToM manuscript records. The English below is a cautious reconstructed reading, followed by a source-close control layer and the Tocharian source witnesses.
Translation
PK NS 48 and 258
As much as the mind can remember
the virtues of the Buddha-Lord,
as much as thought can be raised
in the perfections,
let pure thought be brought back
through the teaching.
After bowing,
after praise,
one should make this wish:
By the way you, venerable one,
came to the end of every evil,
even the old traces of evil,
and adorned yourself beyond measure
with every virtue,
by these good deeds of mine
may all beings come, just so,
to the end of every evil.
I will reach these virtues.
I will make the causes of evil disappear.
May every cause of virtue
rise strongly in them.
May the jewel of the Dharma,
destroying all evils
and giving all virtues,
stand firm for a long time.
May the whole world move
by the causes that keep the Dharma firm
for a long time.
In every birth of mine,
until the dignity of buddhahood is obtained,
may no obstacle arise
from the path of purity and Dharma,
guided by wisdom and compassion.
May I never abandon virtue
while any living being remains.
May I become a foundation
for the virtues of the all-knowing ones.
These wishes for virtue,
beginning here,
are to be wished.
In every birth,
when one turns from the stūpa,
recollection should be set in the mind.
May I never be separated
from good ones.
In every birth,
may I always bear love
for good living beings.
At all times,
with body, speech, and mind,
may I move according to the teaching
of the good ones.
When going to see the teacher,
let this be done in the mind:
May all living beings
see with their own eyes
the Buddha-Lord,
beginning with Maitreya.
Let this be wished with recollection,
so that it is accepted.
May I never do anything apart
from the two teachers:
wisdom and compassion.
Then, in a threefold way...
THT 552
This is the daily way of recollection.
Through it, wishes are tamed.
Through it, earlier evil deeds
become void.
First,
in the time of their arising,
remember the Buddhas of the past,
as many as the sands of the Ganges.
Then remember
the Pratyekabuddhas who arose before,
the Arhats,
and the Bodhisattvas,
beginning with noble Maitreya.
Then remember
the Buddhas who will arise later.
Likewise,
remember the Pratyekabuddhas
who will arise later,
and the Arhats.
Remember the Non-returners,
the Once-returners,
and the Stream-enterers...
Source-Close Translation
PK NS 48 and 258
a1 As much as one generates memory and thought in the virtues of the Buddha-Lord, able in the perfection...
a2 After homage and praise, the following wish should be desired: by the manner through which you, venerable one...
a3 ...came to the end of all evils, including false old traces, and adorned yourself beyond measure with every virtue; by these good deeds of mine...
a4 ...may all beings come to the end of all evils. I will reach these virtues. I will make the causes of evil disappear. May all causes of virtue...
a5 ...rise strongly for them. May the jewel of the Dharma, destroying all evils and giving all virtues, remain stable for a long time.
a6 By the causes of the long stability of the Dharma, may the whole world evolve. In all my births, until the dignity of buddhahood...
b1 ...may no obstacle arise from the pure path of Dharma, guided by wisdom and compassion. May I not abandon virtue while beings remain.
b2 May I become the foundation of the virtues of the all-knowing ones. These wishes for virtues, starting from this one, are to be wished.
b3 In all births, when turning from the stūpa, recollection should be applied. May I never be separated from the good ones.
b4 In all births may I constantly bear love for good living beings. May I move according to the teaching of the good ones with body, speech, and mind at all times.
b5 While going to see the teacher, this should be made in the mind: may all living beings see with their own eyes the Buddha-Lord beginning with Maitreya.
b6 It should be wished with recollection so that it is accepted. May I never do anything apart from both teachers, wisdom and compassion. Thereupon in a threefold way...
THT 552
a1 ...through teacherhood... will not do this deed...
a2 ...great influences; each...
a3 The daily way of recollection, through which...
a4 ...there is the ability of taming wishes.
a5 Earlier evil deeds become void.
a6 First, in the time of arising, the earlier ones...
b1 ...the Buddhas like the sands of the Ganges...
b2 Then the Pratyekabuddhas who arose earlier...
b3 ...the Arhats, and the Bodhisattvas beginning with noble Maitreya...
b4 Then the Buddhas who will arise later; thus also...
b5 ...the Pratyekabuddhas who will arise later, and the Arhats...
b6 ...the Non-returners, Once-returners, Stream-enterers...
Colophon
This Good Works Translation was made from Tocharian B transcriptions for PK NS 48 and 258 and THT 552, both indexed by CEToM under the title Daily Veneration of the Buddhas. PK NS 48 and 258 is a joined Duldur-akur poṭhī witness; THT 552 is a Kizil Ming-öy poṭhī witness from the THT 552-557 manuscript group. The reconstructed English reading is derived from the source text with lexical and sense controls from the archived CEToM records; modern CEToM translation controls were used for checking difficult lines but are not reproduced as the public English body.
The witnesses are damaged and discontinuous. This page is therefore a reconstructed reading and source-close translation from two Tocharian B fragments, not a claim that a complete devotional manual survives.
Compiled and formatted for the Good Works Library by the New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026.
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Source Text: Tocharian B Witnesses
Tocharian B source text follows the archived CEToM manuscript records for PK NS 48 and 258 and THT 552. Presented here for reference, study, and verification alongside the English reading above.
PK NS 48 and 258 — Duldur-akur
PK NS 48 and 258. Language: Tocharian B. Genre: literary; doctrine. Form: poṭhī. Expedition code: D.Aq. 13 (NS 48) + 882 (NS 258). CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-pkns48and258.
a1 (pārami)tne c(ämpa)m(oṃ) p(a)ñ(ä)ktentse krentaunane kos ime palsko kanaṣäṃn-ne tot epiyac källāṣṣällona ta(karṣkana) (pälskonta) (enäṣṣä)-
a2 -lyñesa pālalyñesa warñai yarke yāmormeṃ te akālk ñäṣṣalle k_uce klautkesa twe aṣanīka sawāsaṃ (po) y(olai)ñenta(nts)
a3 ākesa śem • adhimāträ po krentaunasa ṣañ añm yātatai toṃ ñiñana krenta yāmorntasa po o(n)olmi pi tu-k yä(k)n(e)-
a4 -sa po yolaiñentants ākesa śänmiyeṃ toṃ krentauna yanmau yolaiñeṣana ṣärma(na) nau(täskau) po krentaunaṣa-
a5 -na ṣṣärmana warkṣältsana tsäṅkon-me po yolaiññenta näkṣeñca po krentauna aiṣṣeñca pe(l)ai(kneṣe) (nau)miy(e) walke stamoy
a6 pelaiknentse walke stamalñeṣana ṣärmanane po śaiṣe spārtoy ñi rano po cmelane ka (takarṣkä)ññe-pelaikneṣai ytāri-
b1 -meṃ pkante yalñe mā tākoy aiśamñe añmālaṣkñentse wawāyau eṣke pañäktäñe perne kä(llālñe) täṅktsi • krentauna snai o-
b2 -nolme mā riñimar poyśiñana krentaunaṃts śmoñña tākoym tesa warñai krentaunane ā(kālkänta) (ñä)ṣallona : ptameṃ lantsī-
b3 -śc īme stamäṣle po cmelane mā pi nta ṣpä krentanmeṃ tsrelñe tākoy-ñ krentäṃ ono(lmeṃt)s{†ä}() (larauñe) ṣpä po cmelane so-
b4 -motkäññe arañcne preñca tākoym krentants enäṣlñene kektseñ reki palskosa po preśyaṃne sp(ārtto)ym{†ä}() : käṣiṃ lkātsi
b5 ynemane te palskone yamaṣälle po pi onolmi maitreyeṃtsa warñai pañäkte yneśne lkātsi källoṃ plākt(s)i(ś)c īmesa (ñä)-
b6 -ṣle (p)o c(m)el(a)ne aiśamñe añmālāṣleṣṣe käṣṣīnesa parna k(c)a wäntare mā yamim tumeṃ täryā yäkne(sa) – – – – – – –
THT 552 — Kizil Ming-öy
THT 552. Language: Tocharian B. Genre: literary; doctrine. Form: poṭhī. Expedition code: T III MQ 73.5. Manuscript group: THT 552-557. CEToM: https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht552.
a1 – – – – – käṣṣiñesa ma yamträṃ ce_u ya
a2 – – – – k· orotsana tsnamñenta ॥ artsa
a3 (kauṃ) (epi)yac kalalyñeṣe yakne • k_ucesa a
a4 kalkäntats{†ä} yatalyñe mäsketrä : nauṣaña
a5 na yolaina yamornta nutsana mäskenträ : ypä
a6 rwe kauc tsaṅkälyai preściyaine nauṣañi
b1 kaṅkcene waräñcampa eneśle pañäkti epiyaṃc kä
b2 laṣälyi : taiysa nauṣ tsäṅkoṣäṃ pratika-pañäkti
b3 arahan(ti) k_use ṣpä aryamaitreyeṃ warñai potisa
b4 (tvi) (taiysa) postaṃ tsäṅkälyi pañäkti : taiysa rano
b5 (postaṃ) (tsäṅkä)lyi p(ra)tika-pañakti k_use ṣpä arahanti
b6 (k_use) (ṣpä) (anāgami) sakrätakami : srotapani : k_use
Source Colophon
The source text follows Tocharian B transcriptions checked against the archived 2026-05-10 CEToM manuscript records and the live CEToM manuscript routes where available. CEToM is maintained by the University of Vienna and indexes these witnesses at https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-pkns48and258 and https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht552. Ancient source text and scholarly transcription are used as source material; modern translation controls, commentary, and notes were treated as internal controls only.
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