Testimonia

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The Testimonia is a single sheet containing four biblical proof-texts copied one after another with no commentary — a witness-collection, a dossier of prophecy. The first three passages describe three expected figures: the Prophet like Moses, the Star of Jacob, and the Priest of the blessing. The fourth is a curse upon a man of Belial who rebuilds a doomed city. The text reveals the messianic expectations of the Qumran community — not one Messiah, but three figures awaited at the end of days. This translation works directly from the Hebrew transcription of García Martínez and Tigchelaar.


The First Testimony — The Prophet

Deuteronomy 5:28–29 and 18:18–19

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying: "You have heard the voice of the words of this people, which they spoke to you. They have done well in all that they spoke. Who would give that their heart would be always like this — to fear me and to keep all my commandments all the days, so that it may go well with them and with their children forever!

"A prophet I shall raise up for them from among their brothers, like you, and I shall put my words in his mouth. And he shall speak to them all that I command him. And the man who does not listen to my words, which the prophet speaks in my name — I myself shall require it of him."


The Second Testimony — The Star

Numbers 24:15–17

And he took up his oracle and said:

"The utterance of Balaam son of Beor, the utterance of the man whose eye is clear — the utterance of one who hears the words of God and knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees the vision of the Almighty, fallen down with eyes uncovered:

"I see him, but not now. I behold him, but not near. A star shall march forth from Jacob, and a sceptre shall rise from Israel. He shall crush the forehead of Moab, and shatter all the sons of Seth."


The Third Testimony — The Priest

Deuteronomy 33:8–11

And of Levi he said:

"Give to Levi your Thummim, and your Urim to your faithful one — whom you tested at Massah, with whom you contended at the waters of Meribah. Who said of his father and his mother: 'I do not know them' — and his brothers he did not acknowledge, and his own sons he did not recognize. For he kept your word, and your covenant he guarded.

"They shall teach your judgments to Jacob, your Torah to Israel. They shall place incense before you, and whole burnt offering upon your altar.

"Bless, O LORD, his might, and accept the work of his hands! Crush the loins of those who rise against him, and those who hate him — that they rise no more."


The Fourth Testimony — The Curse

From the Psalms of Joshua

At the time when Joshua finished praising and giving thanks with his praises, he said:

"Cursed be the man who rebuilds this city! With his firstborn shall he lay its foundation, and with his youngest shall he set up its gates."

And behold — a cursed one, a man of Belial, shall arise to be a fowler's snare for his people and destruction for all his neighbours. And he shall arise [...] and both of them shall be instruments of violence. And they shall return and rebuild this city, and set up for it a wall and towers — to make a stronghold of wickedness in the land, and a great evil in Israel, and a horror in Ephraim and in Judah.

[...] And they shall work pollution in the land, and great blasphemy among the children of Jacob. And they shall pour out blood like water upon the rampart of the daughter of Zion, and within the boundary of Jerusalem.


Colophon

Text: Testimonia (תעודות, 4Q175)
Source: Qumran Cave 4
Language: Hebrew
Translation: New Tianmu Anglican Church, 2026
Translated from: Hebrew transcription of García Martínez, F. & Tigchelaar, E.J.C., The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, Brill, 1997
Register: Gospel (plain, direct, warm)

This is a Good Works Translation. The English was translated directly from the Hebrew source text without consulting any existing English translation. The Testimonia is a proof-text collection revealing the Qumran community's expectation of three figures at the end of days: a Prophet like Moses, a royal Star of Jacob, and a Priest of the blessing of Levi.

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Source Text: תעודות (4Q175)

Hebrew transcription from the Dead Sea Scrolls.


העם הזה2 וידבר **** אל מושה לאמור שמעת את קול דברי1
מי ינתן ויהיה לבבם3 אשר דברו אליכה היטיבו כול אשר דברו
זה
מצותי כול }יו{ היומים למעאן יטב4 להם}ה{ לירא אותי ולשמור את כול
נבי אקים לאהםה מקרב אחיהםה כמוכה ונתתי5 להמ ולבניהם לעולם
בפיהו וידבר אליהםה את כול אשר אצונו והיה 6 דברי
ה
אשר לוא7 איש
אדרוש מעמו 8 ישמע }ע{אל דברי אשר ידבר הנבי בשמי אנוכיvacat
שהתם10 ויש}ה{א משלו ויאמר נאום בלעם בנבעור ונאם הגבר9
מחזה שדי יחזה נופל11 העין נואם שומע אמרי אל וידע דעת עליון אשר
אשורנו ולוא קרוב דרך כוכב מיעקוב 12 וגלו עין אראנו ולוא עתהא
ויקום
פאתי מואב וקרקר את כול בני שית 13 שבט מישראל ומחץvacat
נסיתי15 וללוי אמר הבו ללוי תמיך ואורך לאיש חסידך אשר14
במסה ותרבהי על מי מריבה
ה
}…{ ולאמו לא16 {אמר לאביו }לוא
דע
ידע כי שמר אמרתכה17 תיכהי ואת אחיו לוא הכיר ואת בנו לוא
ובריתך ינצר
ויאירו
תורתכה לישראל יש18 משפטיך ליעקוב
י
םו קטורה
באפך וכל
י
ברך **** חילו ופעל ידו תרצה מחץ 19 ל על מזבחך
מתנים
קמו
ומשנאו
בל יקומו 20
vacat
vacat ויאמר22 בעת אשר כלה ישוע להלל ולהודות בתהלותוהי
יוסדנה ובצעירו יציב23 ארור ה)א(יש אשר יבנה את העיר הזות בבכורו
דלתיה ואנה
איש
עומד להיות פ]ח י[קוש לעמו24 ארור אחד בליעל
]…[.מ.]… לה[יות שניהמה כלי חמס ושבו25 ומחתה לכול שכניו ועמד
]העיר הזות ויצ[יבו לה חומה ומגדלים לעשות לעוז רשע26 ובנו את
]…28 ]בארץ ורעה גדולה[ בישראל ושערוריה באפרים וביהודה27
]יעקוב ושפכו ד[ם כמים על29 וע[שו חנופה בארץ ונ)א(צה גדולה בבני
30 חל בת ציון ובחוקvacat }ב{ירשלם


Source Colophon

Text: Testimonia (תעודות, 4Q175)
Source: Qumran Cave 4
Transcription: García Martínez, F. & Tigchelaar, E.J.C., The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, Brill, 1997

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