Thursday, May 14, 2026 · 天火 · tianmu.org
Classical Witnesses on Gauls and Celts
Greek and Roman witnesses to Gaulish and Celtic peoples, including Caesar, Strabo, Diodorus, Livy, Pliny, Lucan, Pomponius Mela, Polybius, Plutarch, Athenaeus, and Ammianus.
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Texts
Ammianus Marcellinus -- Gaulish Origins, Bards, and DruidsA complete translation of Ammianus Marcellinus' source-unit on Gaulish origins, bards, euhages, Druids, and immortal souls.Athenaeus and Posidonius -- Celtic Feasting and CustomA complete translation dossier of Athenaeus' Posidonius excerpts on Celtic feasting, Luernius, bardic praise, and combat at dinner.Caesar -- Alesia and the Surrender of VercingetorixA complete translation of Caesar's Alesia source-unit and Vercingetorix's surrender.Caesar -- Avaricum and the Gallic WallA complete translation of Caesar's Avaricum source-unit, including the Gallic wall and Vercingetorix's recovery after the town fell.Caesar -- Druids, Sacrifice, and the Gods of GaulA translation of Caesar's account of the Druids, sacrifices, gods, and religious customs of Gaul.Caesar -- Gaulish Society, Assemblies, and LawA translation of Caesar's account of Gaulish factions, clientship, household law, funerals, rumor, and councils.Caesar -- Gergovia and the Aeduan CrisisA complete translation of Caesar's Gergovia and Aeduan crisis source-unit.Caesar -- Labienus at LutetiaA complete translation of Caesar's Labienus-at-Lutetia source-unit on the Parisii, Camulogenus, and the Seine maneuver.Caesar -- The Customs of Gaul and GermanyA complete translation of Caesar's continuous ethnographic source-unit on Gaul, Germany, the Druids, and the Hercynian forest.Caesar -- The Gallic Revolt BeginsA complete translation of Caesar's opening source-unit on the Gallic revolt under Vercingetorix.Caesar -- The Helvetian MigrationA complete translation of Caesar's Helvetian migration source-unit from De Bello Gallico Book 1.Caesar -- Vercingetorix and the Gallic ConfederacyA translation of Caesar's account of Vercingetorix, common liberty, scorched-earth strategy, and surrender.Diodorus -- Celtic Warriors, Poets, and DruidsA complete translation of Diodorus Siculus' Celtic and Galatian ethnographic source-unit.Livy -- Brennus and the Gauls in ItalyA translation of Livy's account of Celtic migration into Italy and Brennus' ransom of Rome.Livy -- The Gallic Sack of RomeA complete translation of Livy's Gallic sack of Rome narrative, from Celtic migration into Italy through Brennus and Camillus.Lucan -- The Gods of Gaul and the DruidsA translation of Lucan's famous passage on Teutates, Esus, Taranis, bards, seers, and Druids.Pliny -- Gaulish Priests, Plants, and Sacred Natural HistoryA complete translation dossier of Pliny's Druidic and Gaulish natural-history notices on mistletoe, ritual plants, the snake-egg, and Roman suppression.Plutarch -- Camillus and the GaulsA complete translation of Plutarch's Camillus source-unit on the Gauls, Brennus, the sack of Rome, and the recovery under Camillus.Polybius -- The Gauls in Northern ItalyA complete translation of Polybius' Book 2 source-unit on Cisalpine Gaul, the Po valley, Telamon, and the Insubrian war.Pomponius Mela -- Gaul, Druids, and the Souls of the DeadA complete translation of Pomponius Mela's Gaul source-unit on Druids, souls, geography, and the three peoples.Pomponius Mela -- The Gallizenae of SenaA complete translation of Pomponius Mela's notice on Sena, its Gallic oracle, and the nine Gallizenae.Strabo -- Gaul, Druids, and the Ocean PeoplesA complete translation of Strabo's chapter on Transalpine Gaul, Gallic customs, and Druids.